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2012 International Conference on Energy Aware Computing最新文献

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A simplistic way for power profiling of mobile devices 移动设备功率分析的简单方法
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471020
Grace Metri, Abhishek Agrawal, R. Peri, M. Brockmeyer, Weisong Shi
Smartphones and tablets are enabling people to perform day to day tasks which were previously impossible to perform without a personal computer. Smartphones and tablets are, by nature, highly dependent on battery life. As a result, a major challenge faced by developers is to understand how their software impact power usage of a device because users of applications tend to evaluate an application not just by its utility and performance but by its impact on battery drainage as well. As a result, developers need to debug the energy efficiency of their applications alongside debugging their performance. In this paper, we explain the power profiling techniques used to determine energy efficiency of applications on Android devices. We also introduce our Software Power Monitor (SoftPowerMon) tool which can aid developers debug applications from an energy perspective and can even help platform developers' develop more efficient systems. Then, using SoftPowerMon, we power profile three different devices: two smartphones and a tablet. We conclude by comparing the performance overhead of our tool to other tools and we show that SoftPowerMon can answer “why” a specific amount of power is consumed on a device as opposed to “how much” power is consumed.
智能手机和平板电脑使人们能够完成以前没有个人电脑无法完成的日常任务。从本质上讲,智能手机和平板电脑高度依赖电池寿命。因此,开发人员面临的一个主要挑战是了解他们的软件是如何影响设备的电量使用的,因为应用程序的用户往往不仅通过其实用性和性能来评估应用程序,而且还通过其对电池消耗的影响来评估应用程序。因此,开发人员需要在调试其应用程序的性能的同时调试其能源效率。在本文中,我们解释了用于确定Android设备上应用程序的能源效率的功率分析技术。我们还介绍了软件电源监视器(SoftPowerMon)工具,它可以帮助开发人员从能源的角度调试应用程序,甚至可以帮助平台开发人员开发更高效的系统。然后,使用SoftPowerMon,我们对三种不同的设备进行电源配置:两台智能手机和一台平板电脑。我们通过比较我们的工具和其他工具的性能开销来得出结论,我们表明SoftPowerMon可以回答“为什么”在设备上消耗了特定数量的功率,而不是“消耗了多少”功率。
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引用次数: 10
What is eating up battery life on my SmartPhone: A case study 是什么在消耗我的智能手机电池寿命:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471003
Grace Metri, Abhishek Agrawal, R. Peri, Weisong Shi
Smartphones emerged as the new necessary gadget to many. A smartphone can combine some or all functionalities of several other devices such as a personal computer, phone, personal game console, music player, radio, and/or GPS. Unlike most of the above listed technologies which are switched ON on a need-to basis, a smartphone is always ON. Since a smartphone can run background tasks even during idle mode and since it is limited by its battery life, it becomes necessary to understand what really happens in the background and how it affects the battery life and consequently how to improve it. To this end, we analyzed two smartphone platforms specifically looking at how the energy consumption varies depending on the background applications and network connection type. For instance, we show that you can increase the energy efficiency of an iPhone by up to 59% when streaming music on Wi-Fi as opposed to 3G. Also, when the phone is using 3G, we show that network applications running in the background can reduce the energy efficiency of an iPhone by up to 72% when compared to real idle state. Our observation sheds light on what is eating up the battery life of a smartphone and led us to provide optimization techniques to increase the battery life.
智能手机成为了许多人的必备新设备。智能手机可以结合其他设备的部分或全部功能,如个人电脑、电话、个人游戏机、音乐播放器、收音机和/或GPS。不像上面列出的大多数技术是在需要的基础上打开的,智能手机总是打开的。由于智能手机即使在空闲模式下也可以运行后台任务,并且由于它受到电池寿命的限制,因此有必要了解后台真正发生了什么,以及它如何影响电池寿命,从而如何改进它。为此,我们分析了两个智能手机平台,专门研究了能源消耗如何根据后台应用程序和网络连接类型而变化。例如,我们表明,与3G相比,在Wi-Fi上播放音乐可以将iPhone的能源效率提高59%。此外,当手机使用3G时,我们显示,与实际空闲状态相比,在后台运行的网络应用程序可以使iPhone的能源效率降低高达72%。我们的观察揭示了是什么在消耗智能手机的电池寿命,并引导我们提供优化技术来延长电池寿命。
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引用次数: 20
Demand response and site management for cloud based Services 基于云的服务的需求响应和站点管理
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471006
K. Schröder, W. Nebel
This paper introduces a method to accomplish specific target loads in virtualization based data centers. Within the last few years, the development of data centers moved into high-grade flexible architectures that adapt to the needs (by means of virtualization). This flexibility can be used by load management methods to minimize and also to manipulate the energy demand in order to adapt to price fluctuations and to prevent demand peaks in power grid as well. We developed a method that is able to accomplish specific load profile optimized for this. Estimations done show that the chosen approach satisfies this task very well.
本文介绍了一种在基于虚拟化的数据中心中实现特定目标负载的方法。在过去几年中,数据中心的开发转向了适应需求的高级灵活架构(通过虚拟化)。这种灵活性可用于负荷管理方法,以尽量减少和操纵能源需求,以适应价格波动和防止电网的需求高峰。我们开发了一种方法,能够完成特定的负载配置优化为这一点。所做的估计表明所选择的方法很好地满足了这一任务。
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引用次数: 0
Phase-aware predictive thermal modeling for proactive load-balancing of compute clusters 面向计算集群主动负载均衡的相位感知预测热建模
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471016
R. Khanna, Jaiber John, Thanunathan Rangarajan
The increasing trend of high density computing environments have exacerbated the cooling infrastructure of the modern datacenters which contributes to mounting energy costs due to uncoordinated operation. By integrating information technology and infrastructure management through continuous monitoring, a balance between energy requirements of compute and cooling equipment can be achieved. Building an online thermal profile calculation with certain measure of accuracy is a complex problem due to the number of variables involved. In this paper we propose a phase-aware workload placement scheme that helps in reducing thermal variance in a cluster of compute nodes. We use a phase-aware machine learning approach to forecast server thermal profile which is then used for predicting the cluster-level thermal variance. We leverage Intel Xeon class server platform sensors and machine monitoring capability for fine grained assessment of power, thermal and compute utilization. We are able achieve thermal balance by applying intelligent placement algorithms by predetermining the thermal impact of a variation in workload's utilization on a prospective cluster of server using the forecasted temperature. Results from a prototype implementation on a typical server-cluster environment have demonstrated accurate thermal prediction and significant reduction in thermal variance.
高密度计算环境的增长趋势加剧了现代数据中心的冷却基础设施,由于不协调的操作,导致能源成本不断上升。通过持续监控,将信息技术和基础设施管理相结合,可以实现计算设备和冷却设备的能源需求之间的平衡。由于涉及的变量众多,建立具有一定精度的在线热剖面计算是一个复杂的问题。在本文中,我们提出了一种相位感知的工作负载放置方案,该方案有助于减少计算节点集群中的热方差。我们使用相位感知的机器学习方法来预测服务器热概况,然后用于预测集群级热方差。我们利用英特尔至强级服务器平台传感器和机器监控功能,对电源、散热和计算利用率进行细粒度评估。我们可以通过应用智能放置算法,通过使用预测的温度来预先确定工作负载利用率变化对预期服务器集群的热影响,从而实现热平衡。在典型的服务器集群环境上的原型实现的结果显示了准确的热预测和显著减少的热方差。
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引用次数: 10
Optimize power for portable games on Ultrabook 优化超极本便携游戏的电源
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471008
Sheng Guo, Yong Zhang, Zhikai Song, Fan Shu
Power saving is an important user experience for the applications running on Ultrabook, the next generation mobile PC platform with more portable features. However, traditional PC games, as one kind of the primary applications on Ultrabook, have few energy efficiency concern and practice so far. This paper analyzes the property & strategy of PC game power optimization, presents the practical optimization methods and the tools available for game developers. The Case study of a real game optimized with these methods and tools indicates the obvious power improvement.
对于在超级本上运行的应用程序来说,省电是一项重要的用户体验。超级本是下一代移动PC平台,具有更便携的功能。然而,传统PC游戏作为超极本的主要应用之一,目前对节能的关注和实践还很少。本文分析了PC游戏功率优化的特性和策略,提出了实用的优化方法和可供游戏开发者使用的工具。用这些方法和工具对一个实际游戏进行了优化,结果表明性能得到了明显提高。
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引用次数: 1
An energy-efficient 32-bit RISC processor for sensor platform in 90nm technology 基于90nm技术的传感器平台高能效32位RISC处理器
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471009
A. Sil, K. Balusu, Venkat Yalamanchili, R. Challa, Neeharikha Gogineni, M. Bayoumi
Due to limited life-time of battery, the energy constrained system for sensor platform has drawn a strong interest for ultra-low power research in recent years. In this paper, an energy efficient 32-bit RISC processor is discussed. The design is targeted for branch and data intensive computations. The design includes both architectural and circuit techniques to optimize energy consumption. An advance branch technique is introduced to reduce stalls in branch intensive application, which in turn decreases energy wastage due to incorrect branch decision. Architectural innovation also includes low power data memory access policy. On the circuit front, energy consumption is minimized by scaling down the supply voltage near to threshold. The 24Kb memory incorporates subthreshold 6T SRAM cell to ensure read stability at subthreshold voltage down to 0.18V. The design consumes 562pJ/instruction at optimal core and memory supply 0.5V and 0.33V respectively, for operating frequency 650KHz in 90nm technology.
由于电池寿命有限,传感器平台的能量约束系统近年来成为超低功耗研究的热点。本文讨论了一种高效节能的32位RISC处理器。该设计针对分支和数据密集型计算。该设计包括建筑和电路技术,以优化能耗。引入了一种先进的支路技术,减少了支路集约化应用中的停顿,从而减少了由于错误的支路决策而造成的能量浪费。架构创新还包括低功耗数据内存访问策略。在电路前端,能量消耗是最小化的按比例降低电源电压接近阈值。24Kb内存包含阈值下6T SRAM单元,以确保在阈值下电压低至0.18V时的读取稳定性。在90nm工艺下,当工作频率为650KHz时,最优核心功耗为562pJ/条指令,内存电源分别为0.5V和0.33V。
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引用次数: 1
Stochastic hardware architectures: A survey 随机硬件架构:综述
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471024
Sarah Abdallah, A. Chehab, I. Elhajj, A. Kayssi
Many emerging computer applications may be classified into recognition, mining, and synthesis (RMS) applications, or into stream-based media applications. One interesting and useful property of such applications is that they are tolerant to errors. In fact, these applications allow discrepancies in intermediate computations, but nevertheless are able to provide “acceptable” results. Research in this area leveraged this error tolerance in order to relax the zero-error tolerance requirement at the hardware level, and to shift error correction or concealment to the software application level. The main advantage of using such stochastic hardware architectures is in the major energy savings that are obtained since the circuits can be operated at reduced power supply levels. The hardware errors may be due to different components in the computer system. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a survey on techniques used in the design of stochastic architectures.
许多新兴的计算机应用程序可以分为识别、挖掘和合成(RMS)应用程序或基于流的媒体应用程序。这类应用程序的一个有趣且有用的特性是它们可以容忍错误。事实上,这些应用程序允许在中间计算中出现差异,但仍然能够提供“可接受”的结果。该领域的研究利用这种容错能力来放宽硬件层面的零容错要求,并将纠错或隐藏转移到软件应用层面。使用这种随机硬件架构的主要优势在于,由于电路可以在较低的电源水平下运行,因此可以节省大量能源。硬件错误可能是由于计算机系统中的不同部件造成的。本文的目的是对随机建筑设计中使用的技术进行调查。
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引用次数: 4
A fully integrated power management circuit for electromagnetic energy harvesting applications 一种完全集成的电源管理电路,用于电磁能量收集应用
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471023
K. Gharehbaghi, H. Uluşan, Ö. Zorlu, A. Muhtaroğlu, H. Kulah
In this paper a 90 nm power management circuit for vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters is introduced to generate 1 V from the rectified DC voltage. A mode selector block is designed to detect the output DC voltage level of the rectifier and adjust the mode of the driver block. In order to set the output to the desired level, a regulation system with negative feedback topology is utilized. The circuit is able to operate with input voltages as low as 0.25 V. The simulation results also show that the power conversion efficiency of the regulated system is almost constant for wide range of input voltages.
本文介绍了一种用于振动电磁能量采集器的90nm电源管理电路,该电路可从整流直流电压中产生1v电压。设计了一种模式选择模块,用于检测整流器的输出直流电压电平并调整驱动模块的模式。为了将输出设置到期望的水平,利用了负反馈拓扑的调节系统。该电路能够在低至0.25 V的输入电压下工作。仿真结果还表明,在较宽的输入电压范围内,调节系统的功率转换效率几乎是恒定的。
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引用次数: 2
Comparing performance metrics of a parallel ECC architecture vs. input data patterns and granularity 比较并行ECC架构的性能指标与输入数据模式和粒度
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471015
Esmaeil Amini, Z. Jeddi, S. Farah, M. Bayoumi
In this paper, we first introduce a parallel Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) architecture that performs the operations required for ECC scalar point multiplication on GF(2m) operands and then we analyze the performance metrics of the architecture. The architecture is modular, can handle various operands sizes. The architecture performs several different operations in parallel when each operation requires small key size and uses power gating technique to deactivate the unutilized modules to save power. An exhaustive simulation-based study of the different performance aspect of architecture is provided considering the input data patterns, the granularity of the system and the parallelism level of the architecture.
本文首先介绍了一种并行椭圆曲线加密(ECC)体系结构,该体系结构在GF(2m)操作数上执行ECC标量点乘法所需的操作,然后分析了该体系结构的性能指标。架构是模块化的,可以处理不同大小的操作数。当每个操作需要较小的密钥尺寸时,该架构并行执行多个不同的操作,并使用功率门控技术停用未使用的模块以节省功率。考虑到输入数据模式、系统粒度和体系结构的并行性级别,对体系结构的不同性能方面进行了详尽的基于仿真的研究。
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引用次数: 0
A fast charging Multi-C technique for mobile devices 移动设备快速充电Multi-C技术
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICEAC.2012.6471022
R. Awwad, Ripan Das, T. Arabi, Hazem M. Hajj
Users of mobile devices typically charge their devices over night. In these situations, it is acceptable to the users for the phone to take several hours to charge. But at times, such as when traveling, users want fast charging for their devices, and would like to have the battery maintain high charging capacity for an extended period without need to recharge. However, the battery's charging capacity diminishes after many charging and discharging cycles. At that point, the mobile device starts requiring more frequent charging, which becomes very disruptive for travelers. As a result, fast charging and maintaining battery quality and capacity retention over extended number of charging-discharging cycles is a valuable user experience for mobile device users. Traditional constant current constant voltage(CC-CV) charging methods require higher density batteries to be charged with lower charging current leading to long charging time up to 4.5 hrs - 5hrs. In this paper, we propose an alternative faster approach to battery charging based on multi-rate decisions without compromising battery longevity. Our experiments show that the battery charge time can be increased by ~ 3x, leading to 1.2hrs time needed to charge. The results also show that the battery can be charged beyond 100% rated capacity to almost 102.5% and still maintaining lower skin temperature.
移动设备的用户通常会在晚上给设备充电。在这些情况下,用户可以接受手机需要几个小时来充电。但有时,比如在旅行时,用户希望为他们的设备快速充电,并希望电池在不需要充电的情况下长时间保持高充电容量。然而,经过多次充放电循环后,电池的充电容量会减少。在这一点上,移动设备开始需要更频繁的充电,这对旅行者来说是非常麻烦的。因此,对于移动设备用户来说,快速充电和在延长的充放电周期中保持电池质量和容量保持是一种宝贵的用户体验。传统的恒流恒压(CC-CV)充电方式要求在较低的充电电流下对高密度电池进行充电,充电时间长,可达4.5 - 5hrs。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于多倍率决策而不影响电池寿命的电池充电替代方法。我们的实验表明,电池充电时间可以提高~ 3倍,充电时间为1.2小时。结果还表明,电池可以在超过100%额定容量的情况下充电至近102.5%,并且仍然保持较低的皮肤温度。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2012 International Conference on Energy Aware Computing
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