Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2113126
E. Lindberg
This article analyses late 1960s ’ and early 1970s ’ policy debate on issues concerning balance of payments in Sweden. Part of this debate was the question of fi scal austerity as a tool to achieve external balance, and if it could be used without risking economic and social unrest. The aim is twofold: fi rst to empirically shine new light on modern Swedish economic policy in a historic context. Second to theoretically explore new ways of interpreting the relationship between political thinking and economic ideas. Special focus within the second aim are the consequences of political thinking on Keynesian economic ideas as a framework of economic understanding at the time. The study is qualitative in its methods and pays attention to limits within the relationship between economic policymaking and economic expertise. The article highlights con fl icting perspectives on Keynesian ideas and the heterogeneity of these perspectives among economic experts. A heterogeneity of this kind is also shown to complicate the assumed close relationship between Social Democracy and Keynesianism in a historic context. In essence, the article shows that studying policy debates in close historic detail makes for new conclusions on the development of modern economic ideas and the part political thinking plays in it.
{"title":"Unnecessary radicalism: the limits of economic ideas in political thinking","authors":"E. Lindberg","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2113126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2113126","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses late 1960s ’ and early 1970s ’ policy debate on issues concerning balance of payments in Sweden. Part of this debate was the question of fi scal austerity as a tool to achieve external balance, and if it could be used without risking economic and social unrest. The aim is twofold: fi rst to empirically shine new light on modern Swedish economic policy in a historic context. Second to theoretically explore new ways of interpreting the relationship between political thinking and economic ideas. Special focus within the second aim are the consequences of political thinking on Keynesian economic ideas as a framework of economic understanding at the time. The study is qualitative in its methods and pays attention to limits within the relationship between economic policymaking and economic expertise. The article highlights con fl icting perspectives on Keynesian ideas and the heterogeneity of these perspectives among economic experts. A heterogeneity of this kind is also shown to complicate the assumed close relationship between Social Democracy and Keynesianism in a historic context. In essence, the article shows that studying policy debates in close historic detail makes for new conclusions on the development of modern economic ideas and the part political thinking plays in it.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44089126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932574
Arne Kaijser
social advancement in Sweden. However, the focus on engineers also has its drawbacks. It may give a false image of the crucial role of ‘heroic inventors’ – even if Wetterberg emphasises that these inventors relied heavily on many colleagues and collaborators. It also foregrounds the producers of technology rather than its users. In the past decades, much research within the history of technology has focused on users and their often creative and unforeseen ways of using and developing technologies. Moreover, as most Swedish engineers have been and still are men, the book is largely a male story, while a focus also on users would have given women a more prominent role. Wetterberg is an excellent narrator and his book has many nice illustrations which make it very inviting to read. It has the potential to become a best seller like his earlier books. I believe it can serve well as a textbook at both university history departments and engineering schools, and maybe even as supplementary reading for ambitious high school students. Moreover, it may attract the interest of many of Sweden’s many professional engineers (Wetterberg presents the numbers: 300,000 Swedes have a higher technical education, of which 22% are women) as well as the ‘general public’. Finally, yet importantly, for the readers of this journal, it may be rewarding to read for Scandinavian historians as it gives a good introduction to much of the recent research.
{"title":"Ingenjörerna","authors":"Arne Kaijser","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2021.1932574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932574","url":null,"abstract":"social advancement in Sweden. However, the focus on engineers also has its drawbacks. It may give a false image of the crucial role of ‘heroic inventors’ – even if Wetterberg emphasises that these inventors relied heavily on many colleagues and collaborators. It also foregrounds the producers of technology rather than its users. In the past decades, much research within the history of technology has focused on users and their often creative and unforeseen ways of using and developing technologies. Moreover, as most Swedish engineers have been and still are men, the book is largely a male story, while a focus also on users would have given women a more prominent role. Wetterberg is an excellent narrator and his book has many nice illustrations which make it very inviting to read. It has the potential to become a best seller like his earlier books. I believe it can serve well as a textbook at both university history departments and engineering schools, and maybe even as supplementary reading for ambitious high school students. Moreover, it may attract the interest of many of Sweden’s many professional engineers (Wetterberg presents the numbers: 300,000 Swedes have a higher technical education, of which 22% are women) as well as the ‘general public’. Finally, yet importantly, for the readers of this journal, it may be rewarding to read for Scandinavian historians as it gives a good introduction to much of the recent research.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2106300
P. Håkansson, T. Karlsson, Matti La Mela
ABSTRACT Youth labour remained important well into the twentieth century, although it is often elusive in traditional sources. In this article, we investigate messengers – a category of occupational titles, including errand and office boys, which is thought of as youth jobs. We sketch the long-term development of the occupation by making use of digitised Swedish daily newspapers and discuss demand-side, supply-side and institutional factors for the disappearance of the occupation. Our investigation suggests that the messenger jobs reached their peak around 1945 and thereafter decreased to low levels in the 1960s. We find that employers looking for messengers were large organisations that needed in-house help with deliveries and simple office tasks. These employers originally aimed at young men aged 15–17 years. The minimum age requirement was not loosened over time; instead, employers began to announce for older workers. We interpret this as employers’ adapting to a situation where the supply of young messengers had decreased. Employers made their ads appealing by emphasising good working conditions and career prospects, indicating that there was still a demand for messengers despite the changing times.
{"title":"Running out of time: using job ads to analyse the demand for messengers in the twentieth century","authors":"P. Håkansson, T. Karlsson, Matti La Mela","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2106300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2106300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Youth labour remained important well into the twentieth century, although it is often elusive in traditional sources. In this article, we investigate messengers – a category of occupational titles, including errand and office boys, which is thought of as youth jobs. We sketch the long-term development of the occupation by making use of digitised Swedish daily newspapers and discuss demand-side, supply-side and institutional factors for the disappearance of the occupation. Our investigation suggests that the messenger jobs reached their peak around 1945 and thereafter decreased to low levels in the 1960s. We find that employers looking for messengers were large organisations that needed in-house help with deliveries and simple office tasks. These employers originally aimed at young men aged 15–17 years. The minimum age requirement was not loosened over time; instead, employers began to announce for older workers. We interpret this as employers’ adapting to a situation where the supply of young messengers had decreased. Employers made their ads appealing by emphasising good working conditions and career prospects, indicating that there was still a demand for messengers despite the changing times.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48029458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2106301
Zenonas Norkus, D. Jasilionis, Ola Grytten, Ilmārs Mežs, M. Klesment
This paper is the fi rst comparative analysis of mortality transition, as part of the demographic transition, in all the three Baltic countries during the interwar period. We address the following research questions: Which type of mortality transition is exempli fi ed by the interwar Baltic countries ’ mortality patterns? Was the mortality transition completed already before WWII? What were Baltic cross-country di ff erences in the advancement of mortality and demographic transitions? We present and use newly constructed life tables for Lithuania, 1925 – 1934, and draw on the work of the Estonian demographer Kalev Katus (1955 – 2008), publishing for the fi rst time his life tables for Latvia in 1925 – 1938. Main fi ndings: The three countries were part of the Western model of mortality transition. However, the reduction of infant and childhood mortality was lagging in Lithuania. Women of childbearing age in Estonia and mainland Latvia, as a result of earlier fertility decline, experienced longer life expectancy due to the decreased mortality from birth complications. Nevertheless, in all three countries mortality transition was still incomplete by WWII. A comparison of death causes in 1925 – 1939 serves to corroborate the last conclusion.
{"title":"Mortality transition in the interwar Baltic states: findings from cross-country comparison of new life tables","authors":"Zenonas Norkus, D. Jasilionis, Ola Grytten, Ilmārs Mežs, M. Klesment","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2106301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2106301","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the fi rst comparative analysis of mortality transition, as part of the demographic transition, in all the three Baltic countries during the interwar period. We address the following research questions: Which type of mortality transition is exempli fi ed by the interwar Baltic countries ’ mortality patterns? Was the mortality transition completed already before WWII? What were Baltic cross-country di ff erences in the advancement of mortality and demographic transitions? We present and use newly constructed life tables for Lithuania, 1925 – 1934, and draw on the work of the Estonian demographer Kalev Katus (1955 – 2008), publishing for the fi rst time his life tables for Latvia in 1925 – 1938. Main fi ndings: The three countries were part of the Western model of mortality transition. However, the reduction of infant and childhood mortality was lagging in Lithuania. Women of childbearing age in Estonia and mainland Latvia, as a result of earlier fertility decline, experienced longer life expectancy due to the decreased mortality from birth complications. Nevertheless, in all three countries mortality transition was still incomplete by WWII. A comparison of death causes in 1925 – 1939 serves to corroborate the last conclusion.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2085166
Matteo Pompermaier
ABSTRACT In the Swedish context, fairly little is known about the variation in the level and composition of female wealth over the long term. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap, emphasising the main features of unmarried women's wealth and assessing how it evolved during the second half of the nineteenth century. To this end, the study relies on a sample of about 500 probate inventories drawn up in the city of Uppsala between 1850 and 1910. The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of transformation encompassing several aspects of Swedish society. The change included the economic and financial structure of the country, as well as the legal framework and the labour market. The research proves that unmarried women's wealth increased in the period here analysed, even though dissimilarly between spinsters and widows. Their wealth changed also from a qualitative point of view, as shown by the increasing presence of specific assets such as real estate and stocks recorded in their inventories. Among the several factors that can be retraced at the origins of this phenomenon, the development of a more equal legal framework and the evolution of the housing market seemed to have played a major role.
{"title":"Women and wealth in Sweden: the case of Uppsala, 1850–1910","authors":"Matteo Pompermaier","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2085166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2085166","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Swedish context, fairly little is known about the variation in the level and composition of female wealth over the long term. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap, emphasising the main features of unmarried women's wealth and assessing how it evolved during the second half of the nineteenth century. To this end, the study relies on a sample of about 500 probate inventories drawn up in the city of Uppsala between 1850 and 1910. The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of transformation encompassing several aspects of Swedish society. The change included the economic and financial structure of the country, as well as the legal framework and the labour market. The research proves that unmarried women's wealth increased in the period here analysed, even though dissimilarly between spinsters and widows. Their wealth changed also from a qualitative point of view, as shown by the increasing presence of specific assets such as real estate and stocks recorded in their inventories. Among the several factors that can be retraced at the origins of this phenomenon, the development of a more equal legal framework and the evolution of the housing market seemed to have played a major role.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2078402
Viktor Persarvet, Marja Erikson, M. Morell
ABSTRACT The enclosure movement was a significant element of the agricultural revolution in Sweden. Legislation from 1749 onwards, opened up for Storskifte, which reduced the number of plots per owner, but did not touch the villages’ common field or housing structures. The edicts of Enskifte (1803–1807) and Laga skifte (1827), however, made possible the final dissolution of the open-field system. According to the Laga skifte legislation one single landowner applying for enclosure, could force the entire village to enclose. Nonetheless, the process was not complete even by the 1890s. Previous research has emphasised the importance of the enclosures for economic development and/or as a factor in income redistribution. It has, however, not fully explained why some villages enclosed early and others late. We investigate this question by using a newly constructed database containing all villages in the county of Västmanland. Furthermore, by using a Cox Proportional Hazards model, a random sample of 100 villages is followed over time to estimate which factors accelerated or decelerated the enclosure process. The major conclusions are that concentration of ownership and cost factors decreased the probability for enclosure while complex land-use patterns and real GDP-per capita growth increased the probability of enclosure.
{"title":"Market growth, coordination problems and control – the timing of enclosures in East Central Sweden 1807–1892","authors":"Viktor Persarvet, Marja Erikson, M. Morell","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2078402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2078402","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The enclosure movement was a significant element of the agricultural revolution in Sweden. Legislation from 1749 onwards, opened up for Storskifte, which reduced the number of plots per owner, but did not touch the villages’ common field or housing structures. The edicts of Enskifte (1803–1807) and Laga skifte (1827), however, made possible the final dissolution of the open-field system. According to the Laga skifte legislation one single landowner applying for enclosure, could force the entire village to enclose. Nonetheless, the process was not complete even by the 1890s. Previous research has emphasised the importance of the enclosures for economic development and/or as a factor in income redistribution. It has, however, not fully explained why some villages enclosed early and others late. We investigate this question by using a newly constructed database containing all villages in the county of Västmanland. Furthermore, by using a Cox Proportional Hazards model, a random sample of 100 villages is followed over time to estimate which factors accelerated or decelerated the enclosure process. The major conclusions are that concentration of ownership and cost factors decreased the probability for enclosure while complex land-use patterns and real GDP-per capita growth increased the probability of enclosure.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2078403
Klara Arnberg, Eirinn Larsen, A. Östman
Gender has long been an important category of historical analysis, nurtured by different and sometimes competing paradigms of research. In the 1970s, the study of gender was closely linked to the expansion of women’s history. Inspired by feminist and Marxist theories, this approach greatly contributed to the development of new insights on economic life, work, and remuneration in relation to women’s own experiences. Post-structural theories became more important after Joan W. Scott’s seminal article ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Research’ (1986). This approach considered gender as the way in which humans create knowledge about the world they inhibit, rather than something they are. The importance of research on economic history from a gender perspective has increased significantly since the late 1980s – and perhaps especially so in the Nordic countries? At least, this is a timely question to ask 30 more years after Scott wrote her article and partly transformed the practices of gender research in history. The inspiration for this special issue came from a seminar held at Stockholm University, Sweden, in the beginning of 2019, when a group of researchers in various stages of their career gathered to discuss the status of gender and intersectionality within economic history. Some of us were critical of how economic history was sometimes defined in a way that excluded the type of gender research we were engaged in. The idea of suggesting a special issue in SEHR was raised to highlight gender as an essential analytical category for economic history (and thus challenge narrower definitions), and to better understand the status of gender in the broader Nordic setting and beyond. Fortunately, the editors-in-chief of the journal were positive about the idea. An open call for a special issue on gender and economic history broadly defined, was announced in the spring of 2020. We received nine papers for peer review, five of them are included in the issue, spanning topics such women and entrepreneurship in Iceland, migrant mothers and workers in Sweden, the decision-making roles of women in Finnish household economy, and Danish public wage hierarchies. What this selection of articles, their topics, and theoretical orientation can tell us about the current status of gender scholarship in general or in Nordic economic history in particular, is however uncertain. Trying to answer this question also extends the scope of the special issue. What is still evident, is the absence of Norwegian author(s). This indicates that the efforts and traditions of including gender as a category of economic historical analysis do vary across the Nordic region as much as overtime. What was in fashion in the 1980s, are not anymore, or the opposite. The impulses of gender research within the field of economic history, changes as much as the institutional conditions for economic history research do.
长期以来，性别一直是历史分析的一个重要范畴，受到不同的、有时是相互竞争的研究范式的影响。在20世纪70年代，性别研究与女性历史的扩张密切相关。受女权主义和马克思主义理论的启发，这种方法极大地促进了与女性自身经历有关的经济生活、工作和报酬的新见解的发展。后结构理论在Joan W. Scott的开创性文章《性别:一个有用的历史研究范畴》(1986)之后变得更加重要。这种方法认为性别是人类创造关于他们所抑制的世界的知识的方式，而不是他们本身的东西。自20世纪80年代末以来，从性别角度研究经济史的重要性显著增加——也许在北欧国家尤其如此。至少，在斯科特写了她的文章并在一定程度上改变了历史上性别研究的实践30多年后，这个问题问得很及时。本期特刊的灵感来自于2019年初在瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学举行的一次研讨会，当时一群处于职业生涯不同阶段的研究人员聚集在一起讨论经济史上性别和交叉性的地位。我们中的一些人对经济史有时被排除在我们所从事的性别研究之外的定义方式持批评态度。提出在SEHR中提出一个特别问题的想法是为了强调性别是经济史的一个基本分析类别(从而挑战较窄的定义)，并更好地了解性别在更广泛的北欧环境和其他环境中的地位。幸运的是，杂志的主编们对这个想法持肯定态度。2020年春天，公开征集了一个关于广义性别和经济史的特刊。我们收到了9篇论文供同行评议，其中5篇收录在本期杂志中，涉及的主题包括冰岛的女性和创业精神、瑞典的移民母亲和工人、芬兰家庭经济中女性的决策角色以及丹麦的公共工资等级制度。然而，这些文章的选择、它们的主题和理论取向能告诉我们性别学术的总体现状，特别是北欧经济史的现状，是不确定的。试图回答这个问题也扩展了特刊的范围。仍然明显的是，没有挪威作者。这表明，在北欧地区，将性别作为经济历史分析的一个类别的努力和传统确实各不相同。上世纪80年代流行的东西，现在已经不流行了，或者正好相反。在经济史研究领域内，性别研究的冲动随着经济史研究的制度条件的变化而变化。
{"title":"Gender and economic history in the Nordic countries","authors":"Klara Arnberg, Eirinn Larsen, A. Östman","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2078403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2078403","url":null,"abstract":"Gender has long been an important category of historical analysis, nurtured by different and sometimes competing paradigms of research. In the 1970s, the study of gender was closely linked to the expansion of women’s history. Inspired by feminist and Marxist theories, this approach greatly contributed to the development of new insights on economic life, work, and remuneration in relation to women’s own experiences. Post-structural theories became more important after Joan W. Scott’s seminal article ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Research’ (1986). This approach considered gender as the way in which humans create knowledge about the world they inhibit, rather than something they are. The importance of research on economic history from a gender perspective has increased significantly since the late 1980s – and perhaps especially so in the Nordic countries? At least, this is a timely question to ask 30 more years after Scott wrote her article and partly transformed the practices of gender research in history. The inspiration for this special issue came from a seminar held at Stockholm University, Sweden, in the beginning of 2019, when a group of researchers in various stages of their career gathered to discuss the status of gender and intersectionality within economic history. Some of us were critical of how economic history was sometimes defined in a way that excluded the type of gender research we were engaged in. The idea of suggesting a special issue in SEHR was raised to highlight gender as an essential analytical category for economic history (and thus challenge narrower definitions), and to better understand the status of gender in the broader Nordic setting and beyond. Fortunately, the editors-in-chief of the journal were positive about the idea. An open call for a special issue on gender and economic history broadly defined, was announced in the spring of 2020. We received nine papers for peer review, five of them are included in the issue, spanning topics such women and entrepreneurship in Iceland, migrant mothers and workers in Sweden, the decision-making roles of women in Finnish household economy, and Danish public wage hierarchies. What this selection of articles, their topics, and theoretical orientation can tell us about the current status of gender scholarship in general or in Nordic economic history in particular, is however uncertain. Trying to answer this question also extends the scope of the special issue. What is still evident, is the absence of Norwegian author(s). This indicates that the efforts and traditions of including gender as a category of economic historical analysis do vary across the Nordic region as much as overtime. What was in fashion in the 1980s, are not anymore, or the opposite. The impulses of gender research within the field of economic history, changes as much as the institutional conditions for economic history research do.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44304394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2032318
L. Bruno, J. Eloranta, J. Ojala, J. Pehkonen
ABSTRACT This study examines Nordic economic convergence from the sixteenth to twentieth century respective of the economic leaders, in effect the UK before 1914 and USA thereafter. The paper uses a novel approach of combining the analysis of both GDP and wages. The examination of real GDP per capita suggests that there was a catch-up process in play, both with the economic leaders and among the Nordic states, from the early nineteenth century onwards. However, the examination of the adjusted silver wages suggests convergence among the Nordic economies by the end of the eighteenth century. Therefore, we argue, no single Nordic Model emerged from these development patterns, even though the Nordic states today do have striking similarities. Furthermore, they diverged from the West European growth path until the twentieth century, thus they were a part of the Little Divergence at Europe’s other peripheries. The world wars and other crises delayed the full impacts of the convergence process until the latter part of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Road to unity? Nordic economic convergence in the long run","authors":"L. Bruno, J. Eloranta, J. Ojala, J. Pehkonen","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2032318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2032318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines Nordic economic convergence from the sixteenth to twentieth century respective of the economic leaders, in effect the UK before 1914 and USA thereafter. The paper uses a novel approach of combining the analysis of both GDP and wages. The examination of real GDP per capita suggests that there was a catch-up process in play, both with the economic leaders and among the Nordic states, from the early nineteenth century onwards. However, the examination of the adjusted silver wages suggests convergence among the Nordic economies by the end of the eighteenth century. Therefore, we argue, no single Nordic Model emerged from these development patterns, even though the Nordic states today do have striking similarities. Furthermore, they diverged from the West European growth path until the twentieth century, thus they were a part of the Little Divergence at Europe’s other peripheries. The world wars and other crises delayed the full impacts of the convergence process until the latter part of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2032319
Lars Ahnland
ABSTRACT Financialisation has become a new buzz word in social sciences, but, although some of the earliest usages of the concept can be found with economic historians, the recent fad has largely been ignored by economic history. This is true also for the Nordic region. This survey article highlights a handful of studies on financialisation in the Nordic countries in general and within Nordic economic history, in particular, but more importantly, it relates Nordic economic history with a long wave approach to a corresponding stance in financialisation scholarship. It concludes that Nordic economic history is in an advantageous position to both shed light on contemporary financialisation with the help of historical examples. Moreover, it is also able to, through the lens of history, problematise some of the assumptions made within financialisation theory. In this, the Nordic region can provide apt case studies as varieties of financialisation over time and space. All in all, Nordic economic history has barely scratched the surface of this potential.
{"title":"Survey article on Nordic financialisation in the long run","authors":"Lars Ahnland","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2032319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2032319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Financialisation has become a new buzz word in social sciences, but, although some of the earliest usages of the concept can be found with economic historians, the recent fad has largely been ignored by economic history. This is true also for the Nordic region. This survey article highlights a handful of studies on financialisation in the Nordic countries in general and within Nordic economic history, in particular, but more importantly, it relates Nordic economic history with a long wave approach to a corresponding stance in financialisation scholarship. It concludes that Nordic economic history is in an advantageous position to both shed light on contemporary financialisation with the help of historical examples. Moreover, it is also able to, through the lens of history, problematise some of the assumptions made within financialisation theory. In this, the Nordic region can provide apt case studies as varieties of financialisation over time and space. All in all, Nordic economic history has barely scratched the surface of this potential.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the first half of the twentieth century, the industrialization of Sweden was completed. A substantial proportion of the population resided in cities. What did the life courses of these people actually look like? In this book, four researchers have studied a random sample of men and women in Gothenburg, tracing their movements through the various phases of life, and between residences, working places and occupations. It is an account of important events in the lives of ordinary people during a period when much of the modern society was formed.
{"title":"Liv i rörelse: Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900-1950","authors":"Kristina Lilja","doi":"10.21525/kriterium.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21525/kriterium.34","url":null,"abstract":"During the first half of the twentieth century, the industrialization of Sweden was completed. A substantial proportion of the population resided in cities. What did the life courses of these people actually look like? In this book, four researchers have studied a random sample of men and women in Gothenburg, tracing their movements through the various phases of life, and between residences, working places and occupations. It is an account of important events in the lives of ordinary people during a period when much of the modern society was formed.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48413794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：