Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2252654
Adam Grimshaw
ABSTRACTFrom the 1650s the expansion of English interests in the Baltic fostered more competition for access to commercial markets. A desire from Sweden to meet its own commercial goals also led to a greater level of competition for shipping. An increasing association between England and Sweden brought about the greatest commercial shift in Baltic commerce during that century. Building on research that has established general trends in Anglo-Baltic commercial history during the period, this article assesses the growth and competition of English commercial ambition. The article consults data sets such as the Sound Toll Registers Online, and the Stockholm customs accounts, while taking into consideration contemporary diplomatic sources. It seeks to answer why, how and where English trade became competitive in the Baltic. It outlines general commercial flows by juxtaposing England’s shipping next to its nearest competitors and consults three case studies to reveal previously unrealised nuances in Anglo-Baltic trade.KEYWORDS: EnglandSwedenBaltictradeearly modernJEL CODES: F02F14F36N43P45 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 TNA, CO 389/15, 14 July 1696.2 I would like to thank Jan Willem Veluwenkamp for pointing me in the direction of the former study.3 It must be said that in such a broad and detailed study Åström did touch on aspects of Anglo-Dutch competition for markets in the Baltic but was perhaps limited by spatial considerations to warrant a detailed appraisal (Åström, Citation1963, pp. 61–68).4 It is important to appreciate that the English and Scottish commercial spheres were distinctive jurisdictional entities. In practice the two spheres remained separate with very little collaboration occurring in Baltic trade between the two nations. For a history of Scottish commercial organisation in the early part of the century consult (McLoughlin, Citation2013).5 A brief sketch of developments in the Swedish iron industry in the context of western exports during the seventeenth century occurs in Chris Evans and Göran Rydén’s study. However, this study of the Anglo-Swedish iron trade focuses on the 1700s and not its foundation the century prior (Evans & Rydén, Citation2007).6 A key exception would be Henry Roseveare’s research during the 1990s which incorporated the exploits of the Marescoe-David commercial house in the Baltic (Roseveare, Citation1991).7 For current debates surrounding the Sound Toll Registers see: (Degn, Citation2017). For more information on how the STRO functions in practice consult: Scheltjens, Veluwenkamp, & van der Woude, Citation2018). Although the STRO have provided unparalleled access to the Sound Toll Registers it is important for researchers to familiarise themselves with the latter article for practical and contextual reasons. As a supplement to the introductory chapter, which acts as an invaluable methodological guide to aid future research, the edited volume to which
{"title":"English commercial ascendancy and the growth in competition for Baltic markets, 1650–1700","authors":"Adam Grimshaw","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2023.2252654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2023.2252654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFrom the 1650s the expansion of English interests in the Baltic fostered more competition for access to commercial markets. A desire from Sweden to meet its own commercial goals also led to a greater level of competition for shipping. An increasing association between England and Sweden brought about the greatest commercial shift in Baltic commerce during that century. Building on research that has established general trends in Anglo-Baltic commercial history during the period, this article assesses the growth and competition of English commercial ambition. The article consults data sets such as the Sound Toll Registers Online, and the Stockholm customs accounts, while taking into consideration contemporary diplomatic sources. It seeks to answer why, how and where English trade became competitive in the Baltic. It outlines general commercial flows by juxtaposing England’s shipping next to its nearest competitors and consults three case studies to reveal previously unrealised nuances in Anglo-Baltic trade.KEYWORDS: EnglandSwedenBaltictradeearly modernJEL CODES: F02F14F36N43P45 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 TNA, CO 389/15, 14 July 1696.2 I would like to thank Jan Willem Veluwenkamp for pointing me in the direction of the former study.3 It must be said that in such a broad and detailed study Åström did touch on aspects of Anglo-Dutch competition for markets in the Baltic but was perhaps limited by spatial considerations to warrant a detailed appraisal (Åström, Citation1963, pp. 61–68).4 It is important to appreciate that the English and Scottish commercial spheres were distinctive jurisdictional entities. In practice the two spheres remained separate with very little collaboration occurring in Baltic trade between the two nations. For a history of Scottish commercial organisation in the early part of the century consult (McLoughlin, Citation2013).5 A brief sketch of developments in the Swedish iron industry in the context of western exports during the seventeenth century occurs in Chris Evans and Göran Rydén’s study. However, this study of the Anglo-Swedish iron trade focuses on the 1700s and not its foundation the century prior (Evans & Rydén, Citation2007).6 A key exception would be Henry Roseveare’s research during the 1990s which incorporated the exploits of the Marescoe-David commercial house in the Baltic (Roseveare, Citation1991).7 For current debates surrounding the Sound Toll Registers see: (Degn, Citation2017). For more information on how the STRO functions in practice consult: Scheltjens, Veluwenkamp, & van der Woude, Citation2018). Although the STRO have provided unparalleled access to the Sound Toll Registers it is important for researchers to familiarise themselves with the latter article for practical and contextual reasons. As a supplement to the introductory chapter, which acts as an invaluable methodological guide to aid future research, the edited volume to which","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2255599
Petja Lyn Langholz, Hilde Leikny Sommerseth
The number of studies on social inequality in mortality in Norway before 1960 is limited and they often focus on early life outcomes. Little is known about socioeconomic differences in old-age mortality before the emergence of the welfare state. Linked census and church records from the Historical Population Register of Norway were used to study a sample of 10,457 men and women born 1841–1870 who lived in Troms, a province in northern Norway, in the early twentieth century. We analysed the association between social class, measured in adulthood, and mortality at age 60 and older using Cox proportional hazards models. The results do not indicate a clear social gradient in mortality. Differences between social classes varied in the magnitude and direction of effects, depending on gender and place of residence. For women, the association between social class and mortality was weaker overall. Only farming was significantly associated with decreased mortality risk compared to the group of lower-skilled and unskilled workers. Differences were more pronounced among men, with higher mortality for non-manual classes in towns, and lower mortality for skilled workers and farmers in rural areas. The advantage for farmers was amplified in combination with manual or non-manual work.
{"title":"Old-age mortality and social class in northern Norway in the first half of the twentieth century","authors":"Petja Lyn Langholz, Hilde Leikny Sommerseth","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2023.2255599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2023.2255599","url":null,"abstract":"The number of studies on social inequality in mortality in Norway before 1960 is limited and they often focus on early life outcomes. Little is known about socioeconomic differences in old-age mortality before the emergence of the welfare state. Linked census and church records from the Historical Population Register of Norway were used to study a sample of 10,457 men and women born 1841–1870 who lived in Troms, a province in northern Norway, in the early twentieth century. We analysed the association between social class, measured in adulthood, and mortality at age 60 and older using Cox proportional hazards models. The results do not indicate a clear social gradient in mortality. Differences between social classes varied in the magnitude and direction of effects, depending on gender and place of residence. For women, the association between social class and mortality was weaker overall. Only farming was significantly associated with decreased mortality risk compared to the group of lower-skilled and unskilled workers. Differences were more pronounced among men, with higher mortality for non-manual classes in towns, and lower mortality for skilled workers and farmers in rural areas. The advantage for farmers was amplified in combination with manual or non-manual work.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2193193
Nina Trige Andersen, Ragnheiður Kristjánsdóttir, Silke Neunsinger, Pete Pesonen, Vilhelm Vilhelmsson, Hanne Østhus
{"title":"Longer, broader, deeper, and more personal – the renewal of labour history in the Nordic countries","authors":"Nina Trige Andersen, Ragnheiður Kristjánsdóttir, Silke Neunsinger, Pete Pesonen, Vilhelm Vilhelmsson, Hanne Østhus","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2023.2193193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2023.2193193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44326272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2170459
Saska Heino
{"title":"Taxation and inequality: A revisionary study of changing income inequality in Finland, 1961–2005","authors":"Saska Heino","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2023.2170459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2023.2170459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43806041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2183895
Niklas Jensen-Eriksen
{"title":"Kylmästi laskeva mies: Talousvaikuttaja Risto Rytin elämä [Coldly counting man: the life of economic policymaker Risto Ryti]","authors":"Niklas Jensen-Eriksen","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2023.2183895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2023.2183895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2154835
Kristina Lilja
Published in Scandinavian Economic History Review (Ahead of Print, 2022)
发表于斯堪的纳维亚经济史评论(印刷前，2022年)
{"title":"Liv i rörelse: Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900–1950 [Life courses and mobility: Gothenburg’s population and labour market 1900–1950]","authors":"Kristina Lilja","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2154835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2154835","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Scandinavian Economic History Review (Ahead of Print, 2022)","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2154834
Anton Svensson
{"title":"A brief history of equality","authors":"Anton Svensson","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2154834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2154834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45871538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2148736
Marcin Wroński
ABSTRACT
In this paper we use administrative tabulations from occupation-based income tax (class tax) to estimate income inequality in the Duchy of Warsaw. We start off by estimating income inequality in the Department of Kalisz, and then use the decomposability of the Theil index to estimate national income inequality based on a sample of Theil indices corresponding to different settlement types. According to our results, income inequality in the Duchy was at a moderate level, although in the biggest cities it was relatively high. Income inequality at county level was positively correlated with the mean income of the county.
{"title":"Income inequality in the Duchy of Warsaw (1810/11)","authors":"Marcin Wroński","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2148736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2148736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p>In this paper we use administrative tabulations from occupation-based income tax (class tax) to estimate income inequality in the Duchy of Warsaw. We start off by estimating income inequality in the Department of Kalisz, and then use the decomposability of the Theil index to estimate national income inequality based on a sample of Theil indices corresponding to different settlement types. According to our results, income inequality in the Duchy was at a moderate level, although in the biggest cities it was relatively high. Income inequality at county level was positively correlated with the mean income of the county.</p>","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138530307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2143419
Anton Svensson, Erik Bengtsson
ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the debate on historical income inequality, and especially on the decrease in inequality found in industrialised countries during the first half of the twentieth century. We use new archival individual – and household-level data for taxpayers in Sweden's third-largest city, Malmö, from 1900 to 1950. Previous research has established that Sweden had a distinctive downturn in income inequality during the first half of the twentieth century, and explanations have not the least focused on capital incomes and taxes. With our original data we shed light on what happened to working-class and middle-class incomes, and show the importance of job upgrading of the working-class, the decline of domestic service and women's enhanced position on the labour market, and declining market incomes for top income earners in changing Malmö’s income distribution. We compare pre-tax and post-tax distributions, and the distribution on the individual level and the household level. With the new micro data, a richer account of income growth and income distribution in twentieth century Sweden is provided.
{"title":"Income inequality in an industrial city during the great levelling: micro level evidence from malmö, 1900–1950","authors":"Anton Svensson, Erik Bengtsson","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2143419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2143419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the debate on historical income inequality, and especially on the decrease in inequality found in industrialised countries during the first half of the twentieth century. We use new archival individual – and household-level data for taxpayers in Sweden's third-largest city, Malmö, from 1900 to 1950. Previous research has established that Sweden had a distinctive downturn in income inequality during the first half of the twentieth century, and explanations have not the least focused on capital incomes and taxes. With our original data we shed light on what happened to working-class and middle-class incomes, and show the importance of job upgrading of the working-class, the decline of domestic service and women's enhanced position on the labour market, and declining market incomes for top income earners in changing Malmö’s income distribution. We compare pre-tax and post-tax distributions, and the distribution on the individual level and the household level. With the new micro data, a richer account of income growth and income distribution in twentieth century Sweden is provided.","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46519022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2142661
A. Ahlbäck, Fia Sundevall, Johanna Hjertquist
{"title":"A Nordic model of gender and military work? Labour demand, gender equality and women’s integration in the armed forces of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden","authors":"A. Ahlbäck, Fia Sundevall, Johanna Hjertquist","doi":"10.1080/03585522.2022.2142661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2022.2142661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43624,"journal":{"name":"SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46652376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：