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Det villrådiga samhället. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens politiska och ekonomiska ideologi, 1739–1792 妄想社会。瑞典皇家科学院的政治和经济意识形态,1739–1792
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013310
Charlotta Wolff
sented in the book does not convincingly demonstrate this argument. The book clearly shows considerable technological progress and identifies the sources of these technologies (often foreign). However, in the time frame analysed, most sectors of the economy experienced technological improvements, and it is not demonstrated that the improvements in the mining sector were greater than in other sectors. Moreover, the only part in which this argument was dealt with well is when the mining sectors in Norway and Chile were compared. The book would have benefited frommore comparative analysis. In all, this book makes an important contribution. Kristin Ranestad is able to elaborate, in great detail, on the inner workings of the mining sector at the time and show how it affected technological development. This book is recommended to all that wish to understand how technologies affect natural resource sectors and should serve as an inspiration for similar studies on other countries.
书中并没有令人信服地论证这一论点。这本书清楚地展示了相当大的技术进步,并确定了这些技术的来源(通常是外国的)。但是,在分析的时间范围内,经济的大多数部门都经历了技术改进,而且没有显示采矿部门的改进比其他部门的改进更大。此外,这一论点得到妥善处理的唯一部分是挪威和智利矿业部门的比较。这本书本可以从更多的比较分析中获益。总之,这本书作出了重要贡献。Kristin Ranestad非常详细地阐述了当时采矿业的内部运作,并展示了它如何影响技术发展。这本书推荐给所有希望了解技术如何影响自然资源部门的人,并应作为对其他国家类似研究的启发。
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引用次数: 0
Textiles in blue: production, consumption and material culture in rural areas in early-nineteenth century Finland 蓝色纺织品:19世纪初芬兰农村地区的生产、消费和物质文化
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2010593
M. Uotila, Maare Paloheimo
ABSTRACT The article focuses on masculine consumption patterns and the production and dyeing of textiles in rural Finland in the early nineteenth century. It maintains that the rural consumption of textiles as well as individual choices and tastes evolved, and our selected examples of males’ wardrobes demonstrate that contemporary styles were followed. The article targets an era that can be regarded as a watershed: this was a time when mass production was in its infancy and craft production and self-sufficiency were still relevant to household economies. As the wealth of certain groups, particularly landed peasantry, increased, they began among other things to purchase and wear clothes dyed with imported dyes such as indigo. The presence of blue garments in the wardrobes of the common people testifies to a change that took place in rural Finland. This change is evident especially in our analysis of probate inventories of the male inhabitants. Variety of documents on artisanship, the textile and dyeing industry and the import of indigo dye to Finland provide further evidence. The research thus contributes to the discussion on changing consumption patterns among the rural inhabitants in a country that is usually seen as one to which industrialisation came late.
摘要本文关注19世纪初芬兰农村的男性消费模式和纺织品的生产和染色。它坚持认为,农村对纺织品的消费以及个人的选择和品味都在演变,我们选择的男性衣柜的例子表明,现代风格得到了遵循。这篇文章针对的是一个可以被视为分水岭的时代:这是一个大规模生产处于起步阶段的时代,手工生产和自给自足仍然与家庭经济相关。随着某些群体,特别是土地农民的财富增加,他们开始购买和穿着用进口染料(如靛蓝)染色的衣服。普通人衣柜里的蓝色衣服证明了芬兰农村发生的变化。这种变化在我们对男性居民遗嘱认证清单的分析中尤其明显。关于手工艺品、纺织和染色行业以及向芬兰进口靛蓝染料的各种文件提供了进一步的证据。因此,这项研究有助于讨论一个通常被视为工业化较晚的国家农村居民消费模式的变化。
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引用次数: 2
When coffee was banned: strategies of labour and leisure among Stockholm’s poor women, 1794–1796 and 1799–1802 当咖啡被禁止时:斯德哥尔摩贫穷妇女的劳动和休闲策略,1794-1796和1799-1802
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2000489
Anna Knutsson, Hanna Hodacs
ABSTRACT This article maps out the largely unknown history of poor women’s dealings with coffee in Stockholm during the coffee prohibitions of 1794–1796 and 1799–1802 drawing on the city’s extensive police records. A total of 536 cases have been identified that involved the illegal selling, preparation, and consumption of coffee. These cases are analysed in the context of the separate but intertwined research fields of the global underground, household work, and the consumption of new exotic goods in the early modern period. The results from the study reveal the complex networks that facilitated the trade in coffee beans and coffee beverages during the prohibition, and the multifaceted processes which promoted the status of coffee to a common consumer good. It also reveals the extent to which coffee brought labour opportunities and income to poor women, but also how, by the end of the eighteenth century, the consumption of coffee had gained new connotations associated with work and leisure.
本文根据斯德哥尔摩大量的警察记录,描绘了1794-1796年和1799-1802年咖啡禁令期间斯德哥尔摩贫穷妇女与咖啡打交道的鲜为人知的历史。总共有536起案件涉及非法销售、调制和饮用咖啡。这些案例是在独立但相互交织的研究领域的背景下进行分析的,这些研究领域包括全球地下活动、家务劳动和现代早期新的异国商品消费。研究结果揭示了在禁令期间促进咖啡豆和咖啡饮料贸易的复杂网络,以及将咖啡地位提升为普通消费品的多方面过程。它还揭示了咖啡为贫穷妇女带来劳动机会和收入的程度,以及到18世纪末,咖啡消费如何获得与工作和休闲相关的新内涵。
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引用次数: 1
Knowledge-based growth in natural resource intensive economies: mining, knowledge development and innovation in Norway 1860–1940 自然资源密集型经济中以知识为基础的增长:1860-1940年挪威的采矿、知识发展和创新
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1995038
L. Bruno
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引用次数: 1
Natural resources and economic growth: comparing nineteenth century Scandinavia and twentieth century Southeast Asia 自然资源与经济增长:比较19世纪的斯堪的纳维亚和20世纪的东南亚
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984298
L. Bruno
ABSTRACT This paper aims to bridge part of the gap that exists between the resource curse literature and economic historical research on natural resources by analysing four resource-abundant countries. The study proposes that at the sectoral level, the determinants of growth in resource-based industries were mostly similar in the late 19th and late 20th centuries. However, we also argue that the relative contribution of natural resources to economic growth might have been declining during the late twentieth century. The evidence comes from an analysis of the forestry sector in Finland and Sweden between 1860 and 1910 and the palm oil industry in Indonesia and Malaysia between 1970 and 2016.
本文旨在通过对四个资源丰富国家的分析,弥补资源诅咒文献与自然资源经济史研究之间存在的部分差距。该研究提出,在部门层面上,19世纪末和20世纪末,资源型产业增长的决定因素大多相似。然而,我们也认为,自然资源对经济增长的相对贡献可能在20世纪后期一直在下降。证据来自对芬兰和瑞典1860年至1910年的林业部门以及印度尼西亚和马来西亚1970年至2016年的棕榈油行业的分析。
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引用次数: 1
Migrant mothers: work, nation and racialisation in Swedish official discourses 1970–2000 移民母亲:1970-2000年瑞典官方话语中的工作、民族和种族化
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699
Paulina de los Reyes
ABSTRACT Images of migrant mothers have been a powerful marker for otherness in discourses of gender, migration and racialisation in Sweden. These women are often described as a problematic group in official discourses on labour-market policy, social welfare and gender equality. Taking as its point of departure the belief that knowledge production constitutes a central arena for deploying relations of power, the purpose of this article is to explore how migrant women’s experiences of motherhood have been represented in the Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU). What conditions of (im)possibility for motherhood, everyday life and integration into Swedish society are expressed in these government reports? How is the position of migrant mothers related to working conditions, intergenerational transmissions and reproduction dilemmas? The article focuses on the years between 1970 and 2000, a period that was characterised by profound transformations in Swedish society expressed not only in changing migration regulations and new gendered divisions of labour but also in the emergence of racialised patterns of inequality in housing, the labour market and access to social welfare. In so doing, the article contributes from the perspective of economic history to contemporary debates on the nexus between migration and racialisation in postcolonial societies.
摘要在瑞典,移民母亲的形象一直是性别、移民和种族化话语中另类性的有力标志。在关于劳动力市场政策、社会福利和两性平等的官方讨论中,这些妇女经常被描述为一个有问题的群体。本文的出发点是认为知识生产是部署权力关系的中心舞台,目的是探讨移民妇女的母亲经历如何在瑞典政府官方报告中得到体现。这些政府报告表达了为人母、日常生活和融入瑞典社会的可能性条件是什么?移民母亲的处境与工作条件、代际传递和生育困境有何关系?这篇文章聚焦于1970年至2000年,这一时期瑞典社会发生了深刻的变革,不仅表现在不断变化的移民法规和新的性别分工上,还表现在住房、劳动力市场和获得社会福利方面出现了种族化的不平等模式。为此,本文从经济史的角度为当代关于后殖民社会中移民和种族化之间关系的辩论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 4
Half a century of female wage disadvantage: an analysis of Denmark’s public wage hierarchy in 1969 and today 半个世纪的女性工资劣势:1969年和今天丹麦公共工资等级分析
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698
Astrid Elkjær Sørensen, Stinne Skriver Jørgensen, Maja Meiland Hansen
ABSTRACT In June 1969, the Danish parliament passed an extensive law complex, known as the Public Servant Reform of 1969. An important part of the reform was a new wage and classification system into which all public employees were placed. In newer Danish research on the gender wage gap, it is a hypothesis that the reform created a wage hierarchy in the public sector which in general was unfavourable to female-dominated professions, and that this hierarchy largely has persisted to the present due to mechanisms in the collective bargaining system. In our article, we test this hypothesis using graphical analysis and descriptive statistics. Our study supports the existing hypothesis about a gender biased wage hierarchy in 1969. We find that there is a close coherence between the wage hierarchy in 1969 and the wage hierarchy in 2019. However, our analysis also shows how education level explains even less of the traditional female dominated professions’ position in the wage hierarchy in 2019 compared with 1969, and that this is still the case when we take absence patterns and family-friendly benefits into account. That points toward a wage system, which seems unable to adjust to changes in an established profession’s profile.
1969年6月,丹麦议会通过了一项广泛的法律,被称为1969年公务员改革。改革的一个重要部分是对所有公务员实行新的工资和分类制度。在丹麦关于性别工资差距的最新研究中,有一种假设认为,改革在公共部门创造了一种工资等级制度,这种等级制度一般来说不利于妇女占主导地位的职业,而且由于集体谈判制度中的机制,这种等级制度在很大程度上一直持续到现在。在本文中,我们使用图形分析和描述性统计来检验这一假设。我们的研究支持了1969年关于性别偏见工资等级的现有假设。我们发现,1969年的工资等级与2019年的工资等级之间存在密切的一致性。然而,我们的分析还显示,与1969年相比,2019年教育水平对传统女性主导职业在工资等级中的地位的解释更少,当我们考虑缺勤模式和家庭友好福利时,情况仍然如此。这就指向了一种工资体系,它似乎无法适应既定职业的变化。
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引用次数: 0
The German construction industry and industrial self-responsibility in occupied Europe, 1939–45 1939–45年被占领欧洲的德国建筑业和工业自我责任
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301
Simon Gogl
ABSTRACT This article enquires into the role of private German businesses in the administration of Nazi-occupied Western and Northern Europe during the Second World War. It is argued that the National Socialists were able to rule over occupied Europe with a remarkably low number of administrative personnel because they trusted private industry with central administrative responsibilities and tasks. The focus will be on the German construction industry working under the paramilitary construction unit Organisation Todt, as no other sector relocated its activities to such a degree to the occupied territories. Under the slogan of ‘industrial self-responsibility’, German construction firms played a crucial role as bridgeheads and mediators, especially in the early phase of the occupation, helped to draft procurement contracts for construction projects, to control prices and entrepreneurial profits, to supervise local sub-contractors, and finally, to recruit and supervise forced labour. By investigating these aspects, the article adds not only to our understanding of the German administration of occupied Europe, but also of the functioning of the Nazi state in general. Moreover, the article highlights the consequences of industrial self-responsibility for state-business relations in the Third Reich.
本文探讨了德国私营企业在第二次世界大战期间纳粹占领的西欧和北欧的管理中所扮演的角色。有人认为,国家社会党之所以能够以极低数量的行政人员统治被占领的欧洲,是因为他们信任私营企业承担中央行政责任和任务。重点将放在准军事建筑单位Todt组织下的德国建筑业上,因为没有其他部门将其活动转移到被占领土。在“工业自我责任”的口号下,德国建筑公司发挥了至关重要的桥梁和调解人作用,特别是在占领初期,帮助起草建筑项目的采购合同,控制价格和企业利润,监督当地分包商,最后招募和监督强迫劳动。通过调查这些方面,这篇文章不仅增加了我们对德国对被占领欧洲的管理的理解,也增加了对纳粹国家总体运作的理解。此外,文章强调了工业自我责任对第三帝国国家商业关系的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Household risk strategies during a pandemic – experiences from the 1918 influenza pandemic 大流行期间的家庭风险策略——来自1918年流感大流行的经验
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294
L. Andersson, Liselotte Eriksson
ABSTRACT In 2020, The COVID-19 crisis has put great pressure on the economy worldwide. Only time can tell whether the COVID-19 crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the previous pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily small-sum industrial life insurance policies designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did not, however, have a lasting effect. By the time the pandemic had faded, the number of policies had dropped to below pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines the fact that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to behavioural change among households as currently being predicted in relation to COVID-19.
进入2020年,新冠肺炎疫情给全球经济带来巨大压力。只有时间才能证明COVID-19危机是否会对企业和家庭行为产生永久性影响,以及它将如何影响整个社会。本文考察了1918年流感大流行期间,家庭如何应对死亡率上升带来的经济后果的历史经验。我们发现,上一次大流行导致针对蓝领工人设计的主要是小额工业人寿保险单的数量立即大幅增加。然而,新政策的增加并没有产生持久的影响。到大流行消退时,政策数量已降至大流行前的水平以下。这一历史经验强调了这样一个事实,即即使是大流行等重大冲击,也无法像目前对COVID-19的预测那样,在一定程度上导致家庭行为的改变。
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引用次数: 0
Narrative and computational text analysis in business and economic history 商业和经济史中的叙述和计算文本分析
IF 0.6 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299
Gregory Ferguson-Cradler
ABSTRACT Recent calls from within economics for increased attention to narrative open the door to possible cross-fertilisation between economics and more humanistically oriented business and economic history. Indeed, arguments for economists to take narratives seriously and incorporate them into economic theory have some similarities with classic calls for a revival of narrative in history and abandonment of ‘scientific’ history. Both share an approach to explaining social phenomena based on the micro-level. This article examines how new methods in computational text analysis can be employed to further the goals of prioritising narrative in economics and history but also challenge a focus on the micro-level. Through a survey of the most frequently used tools of computational text analysis and an overview of their uses to date across the social sciences and humanities, this article shows how such methods can provide economic and business historians tools to respond to and engage with the ‘narrative turn’ in economics while also building on and offering a macro-level corrective to the focus on narrative in history.
最近,经济学内部呼吁增加对叙事的关注,这为经济学与更以人文为导向的商业和经济史之间可能的交叉施肥打开了大门。事实上,要求经济学家认真对待叙事并将其纳入经济理论的论点,与要求复兴历史叙事和放弃“科学”历史的经典呼吁有一些相似之处。两者都有一种基于微观层面解释社会现象的方法。本文探讨了如何利用计算文本分析中的新方法来进一步实现经济和历史叙事的优先级目标,但也挑战了对微观层面的关注。通过对最常用的计算文本分析工具的调查,以及迄今为止它们在社会科学和人文科学领域的用途概述,本文展示了这些方法如何为经济和商业历史学家提供工具,以回应和参与经济学中的“叙事转向”,同时也建立并提供宏观层面的纠正,以关注历史中的叙事。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
SCANDINAVIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW
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