Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341586
Oleg Suša
The article analyzes the historical Silk Road in its long-term development. It entails reflections on the knowledge of Eastern global interactions providing a long-term contextual framework for Eurasia as a single continent. Eurasian globalization influenced the interactions of regions from China and India, through Western Asia, the Middle East, Eastern and Northern Africa and the Mediterranean, and the south of Europe. An important role was played by the Silk Road, as the main historical long-term network of global interactions and communication, which is now being echoed in the new current global initiatives, particularly the Belt and Road Initiative, which updates the historical Silk Road.
{"title":"Meaning and Update of the Historical Silk Road: Globalization from East to West","authors":"Oleg Suša","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341586","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article analyzes the historical Silk Road in its long-term development. It entails reflections on the knowledge of Eastern global interactions providing a long-term contextual framework for Eurasia as a single continent. Eurasian globalization influenced the interactions of regions from China and India, through Western Asia, the Middle East, Eastern and Northern Africa and the Mediterranean, and the south of Europe. An important role was played by the Silk Road, as the main historical long-term network of global interactions and communication, which is now being echoed in the new current global initiatives, particularly the Belt and Road Initiative, which updates the historical Silk Road.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77198415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341581
Cassidy Thomas, Elhom Gosink
This article explores the concept of ecofascism during the twenty-first century. In the midst of worsening ecological crises, a revival of ecofascist rhetoric and action has been observed. Despite this resurfacing, there is a lack of theorizing around the topic. This discussion will explore how the ecofascist label has been applied in different contexts historically, and the ways it may manifest in the twenty-first century. We hope that this stimulates conversation and awareness around ecofascism and serves as a guide to identify various ecofascist rhetorical tools, policies, and proposals.
{"title":"At the Intersection of Eco-Crises, Eco-Anxiety, and Political Turbulence: A Primer on Twenty-First Century Ecofascism","authors":"Cassidy Thomas, Elhom Gosink","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341581","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article explores the concept of ecofascism during the twenty-first century. In the midst of worsening ecological crises, a revival of ecofascist rhetoric and action has been observed. Despite this resurfacing, there is a lack of theorizing around the topic. This discussion will explore how the ecofascist label has been applied in different contexts historically, and the ways it may manifest in the twenty-first century. We hope that this stimulates conversation and awareness around ecofascism and serves as a guide to identify various ecofascist rhetorical tools, policies, and proposals.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78782969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341583
John Bosco Ngendakurio
This article seeks to reveal the primary barriers to fair economic development based on Kenyans’ perceptions of power and globalization. This search was initially sparked by the seeming disinterest of First World scholars to understand the reasons why poor countries benefit so little from the global market as reflected in a subsequent lack of a wide-ranging existing literature about the subject. The literature suggests that global capitalism is dominated by a powerful small elite, the so-called Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC), but how does this relate to Kenya and Africa in general? We know that the TCC has strong connections to financial capital and wealthy transnational corporations. It also pushes neo-liberalism, which becomes the taken-for-granted everyday language and culture that justifies state policies that result in a further class polarization between the rich and poor. Using Kenya as a case study, this article draws on original qualitative research involving face-to-face interviews with Kenyan residents in different sectors who spoke freely about what they perceive to be Kenya’s place in the world order. My interview results show that, on top of the general lack of economic power in the world order, the main barriers to Africa’s performance are neo-colonial and imperialist practices, poor technology, poor infrastructure, general governance issues, and purchasing power.
{"title":"Power and Globalization in Africa: Perceptions of Barriers to Fair Economic Development in Kenya","authors":"John Bosco Ngendakurio","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341583","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article seeks to reveal the primary barriers to fair economic development based on Kenyans’ perceptions of power and globalization. This search was initially sparked by the seeming disinterest of First World scholars to understand the reasons why poor countries benefit so little from the global market as reflected in a subsequent lack of a wide-ranging existing literature about the subject. The literature suggests that global capitalism is dominated by a powerful small elite, the so-called Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC), but how does this relate to Kenya and Africa in general? We know that the TCC has strong connections to financial capital and wealthy transnational corporations. It also pushes neo-liberalism, which becomes the taken-for-granted everyday language and culture that justifies state policies that result in a further class polarization between the rich and poor.\u0000Using Kenya as a case study, this article draws on original qualitative research involving face-to-face interviews with Kenyan residents in different sectors who spoke freely about what they perceive to be Kenya’s place in the world order. My interview results show that, on top of the general lack of economic power in the world order, the main barriers to Africa’s performance are neo-colonial and imperialist practices, poor technology, poor infrastructure, general governance issues, and purchasing power.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79921678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341590
John P. Williams
Globalization unleashed trends such as the free movement of capital, people, and goods; trickle-down economics, and diminished stature of nation-states. While largely embraced by most countries in the WTO, a growing tension within the European Union to push back went largely ignored until recently. Britain’s exit represents such a push back, a rejection of a single banking system, a single budget, and a single political entity. This article examines the historic 2016 British referendum that saw 52 percent of voters favor England leaving the EU. This research serves four purposes: one, to identify the origins of this important referendum as well as the positions of both its supporters and detractors; two, to analyze the fallout of the vote and its impact on other European nations; three, to correlate the results of this referendum and the rise of populist parties on the left and right in the EU; and four, to discuss briefly what the future holds for globalism.
{"title":"Oh Britannia: Great Britain’s Exit from the European Union and Its Impact on Globalism and Nationalism","authors":"John P. Williams","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341590","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Globalization unleashed trends such as the free movement of capital, people, and goods; trickle-down economics, and diminished stature of nation-states. While largely embraced by most countries in the WTO, a growing tension within the European Union to push back went largely ignored until recently. Britain’s exit represents such a push back, a rejection of a single banking system, a single budget, and a single political entity. This article examines the historic 2016 British referendum that saw 52 percent of voters favor England leaving the EU. This research serves four purposes: one, to identify the origins of this important referendum as well as the positions of both its supporters and detractors; two, to analyze the fallout of the vote and its impact on other European nations; three, to correlate the results of this referendum and the rise of populist parties on the left and right in the EU; and four, to discuss briefly what the future holds for globalism.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"186-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86745900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341584
Marek Hrubec
This article deals with a differentiation of the historical phases of African trajectories in the global context from independence to the present day in order to overcome colonialism and global capitalism. It explains how to understand the historical trajectories from post-colonialism to unilateralism, multilateralism, and finally, the potential of polylateralism. It focuses on the problems and tendencies of advancement in Africa, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, in order to indicate a potential model for the social, political, economic, and cultural arrangement of relations for the recognition of people in Africa in global interactions.
{"title":"Africa from Post-Colonialism to Multilateralism","authors":"Marek Hrubec","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341584","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article deals with a differentiation of the historical phases of African trajectories in the global context from independence to the present day in order to overcome colonialism and global capitalism. It explains how to understand the historical trajectories from post-colonialism to unilateralism, multilateralism, and finally, the potential of polylateralism. It focuses on the problems and tendencies of advancement in Africa, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, in order to indicate a potential model for the social, political, economic, and cultural arrangement of relations for the recognition of people in Africa in global interactions.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84643711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341576
Madalla A. Alibeli, S. Nair
This study explores levels of concern about the environment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data for the study were obtained from the 2019 ‘Levels of Concern about the Environment in the UAE’ survey. A convenience sample of 1520 respondents were selected, contacted and interviewed by research assistants. Per the study’s findings, respondents did endorse three out of five dimensions of the Revised NEW Ecological Paradigm scale including the anthropocentric view of nature, balance of nature, and the possibility of eco-crisis. Nevertheless, respondents failed to support the other two dimensions of the given paradigm: limit to growth and human Exemptionalism.
{"title":"Joining the Global Environmental Protection Movement: an Exploration of Public Environmental Concern in the UAE","authors":"Madalla A. Alibeli, S. Nair","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341576","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study explores levels of concern about the environment in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data for the study were obtained from the 2019 ‘Levels of Concern about the Environment in the UAE’ survey. A convenience sample of 1520 respondents were selected, contacted and interviewed by research assistants. Per the study’s findings, respondents did endorse three out of five dimensions of the Revised NEW Ecological Paradigm scale including the anthropocentric view of nature, balance of nature, and the possibility of eco-crisis. Nevertheless, respondents failed to support the other two dimensions of the given paradigm: limit to growth and human Exemptionalism.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"194 1","pages":"676-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79792218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341575
Kaustavi Sarkar, R. Thapa
The Indian banking and financial sector has endured a long journey from social and development banking to digital banking and financial inclusion. In recent years, there has been a growing consensus in support of digital financial inclusion. Several influential international entities argued strongly in favor of digitization of banking and expansion of digital finance. We tried to understand the journey of Indian banks through the lens of historical and economic changes, ranging from social and developmental banking to digital financial inclusion. In particular, the journey has been analyzed in the context of the changing role of the state, data-driven banking, and the infrastructural base required for a digital banking and payment system. Further, drawing experiences from other emerging nations, an attempt has been made to understand how far digital financial inclusion would be successful in India in reaching the unbanked and marginalized.
{"title":"From Social and Development Banking to Digital Financial Inclusion: the Journey of Banking in India","authors":"Kaustavi Sarkar, R. Thapa","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341575","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Indian banking and financial sector has endured a long journey from social and development banking to digital banking and financial inclusion. In recent years, there has been a growing consensus in support of digital financial inclusion. Several influential international entities argued strongly in favor of digitization of banking and expansion of digital finance. We tried to understand the journey of Indian banks through the lens of historical and economic changes, ranging from social and developmental banking to digital financial inclusion. In particular, the journey has been analyzed in the context of the changing role of the state, data-driven banking, and the infrastructural base required for a digital banking and payment system. Further, drawing experiences from other emerging nations, an attempt has been made to understand how far digital financial inclusion would be successful in India in reaching the unbanked and marginalized.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"650-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76915051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341573
M. Sánchez
This article addresses the impact of settler colonialism by the Spanish and United States in the American continent in forming the base, development, and power of capitalism in the West. It provides a general overview of the United States’ unequal economic relationships with Latin American countries since the end of the nineteenth century to the present. It highlights the role evangelist groups have in changing the way coup d’états have been taking place in the region, in particular, to countries that had democratically elected presidents who were part of the “Pink Tide” and had a program to counterbalance neoliberal policies that were contributing to unprecedented economic inequality in their societies. One of the central questions in this work is the role of coloniality within Latin American countries and between the US and Latin America in the coup d’état against Evo Morales in Bolivia on November 10, 2019.
{"title":"From the “Pink Tide” to “Soft Coup d’État” in Latin America: the Case of Bolivia","authors":"M. Sánchez","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341573","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article addresses the impact of settler colonialism by the Spanish and United States in the American continent in forming the base, development, and power of capitalism in the West. It provides a general overview of the United States’ unequal economic relationships with Latin American countries since the end of the nineteenth century to the present. It highlights the role evangelist groups have in changing the way coup d’états have been taking place in the region, in particular, to countries that had democratically elected presidents who were part of the “Pink Tide” and had a program to counterbalance neoliberal policies that were contributing to unprecedented economic inequality in their societies. One of the central questions in this work is the role of coloniality within Latin American countries and between the US and Latin America in the coup d’état against Evo Morales in Bolivia on November 10, 2019.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"597-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341574
Azmat Gani, Haslifah M. Hasim, N. Al-Mawali
Oman’s regional trade flow, especially with the Indian Ocean Rim countries, is examined within a gravity model framework. The analysis is based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation procedure. The findings show that Oman’s exports are strongly determined by the Indian Ocean Rim countries’ populations, gross domestic product, infrastructure, Oman’s trade policy and a common border and language. Distance is found to induce significant friction for Oman’s imports. We conclude that the Indian Ocean Rim countries are sources of active markets and provide opportunities for greater trade integration. In light of the dramatic decline in world oil prices in recent years, Oman also needs to reduce its reliance on oil earnings and intervene more aggressively in its domestic economy by diversifying its non-oil sector and concentrate more on non-oil led exports.
{"title":"Oman’s Trade Potentials with Indian Ocean Rim Countries","authors":"Azmat Gani, Haslifah M. Hasim, N. Al-Mawali","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341574","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Oman’s regional trade flow, especially with the Indian Ocean Rim countries, is examined within a gravity model framework. The analysis is based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation procedure. The findings show that Oman’s exports are strongly determined by the Indian Ocean Rim countries’ populations, gross domestic product, infrastructure, Oman’s trade policy and a common border and language. Distance is found to induce significant friction for Oman’s imports. We conclude that the Indian Ocean Rim countries are sources of active markets and provide opportunities for greater trade integration. In light of the dramatic decline in world oil prices in recent years, Oman also needs to reduce its reliance on oil earnings and intervene more aggressively in its domestic economy by diversifying its non-oil sector and concentrate more on non-oil led exports.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81962729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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