Pub Date : 2019-07-18DOI: 10.1177/0197693119865046
John P Hart
{"title":"Jennifer Birch and Victor D Thompson (eds) The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America","authors":"John P Hart","doi":"10.1177/0197693119865046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119865046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"15 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83773632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119878522
Charles A. Speer, K. Reid, M. Root, R. Hughes
The Snake River Plain may have served as a corridor for the earliest colonists spreading throughout the New World. It has been observed that the distribution of Clovis period sites and raw material used to produce diagnostic points reflects a detailed understanding of the environment. During the Terminal Pleistocene, there is little evidence of Clovis hunter-gatherers interacting with mega-fauna in the Snake River Plain, despite finding both in the same locations but nonassociated. An example of this appears at the Seagull Bay Clovis site (10PR89) where several Clovis projectile points made of locally available obsidian have been found, while adjacent areas have produced significant examples of Pleistocene megafauna. This article discusses Clovis projectile points from the Seagull Bay site, obsidian sources used to make the points, and regional megafauna.
{"title":"The Seagull Bay site—Clovis technology from American Falls on the Eastern Snake River Plain","authors":"Charles A. Speer, K. Reid, M. Root, R. Hughes","doi":"10.1177/0197693119878522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119878522","url":null,"abstract":"The Snake River Plain may have served as a corridor for the earliest colonists spreading throughout the New World. It has been observed that the distribution of Clovis period sites and raw material used to produce diagnostic points reflects a detailed understanding of the environment. During the Terminal Pleistocene, there is little evidence of Clovis hunter-gatherers interacting with mega-fauna in the Snake River Plain, despite finding both in the same locations but nonassociated. An example of this appears at the Seagull Bay Clovis site (10PR89) where several Clovis projectile points made of locally available obsidian have been found, while adjacent areas have produced significant examples of Pleistocene megafauna. This article discusses Clovis projectile points from the Seagull Bay site, obsidian sources used to make the points, and regional megafauna.","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"20 1","pages":"148 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81464379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119873167
Bernard K. Means
{"title":"Relic Hunters: Archaeology and the Public in Nineteenth-Century America by James E Snead","authors":"Bernard K. Means","doi":"10.1177/0197693119873167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119873167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"26 3 1","pages":"167 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78513573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119873165
Jacob S. Adams, W. Andrefsky
Researchers have noted that cold temperatures may have had an impact on hunter-gatherer decisions concerning raw material selection for projectile points. This line of reasoning has been used to explain the phenomenon of projectile points of different materials occurring during the same time period in archaeological contexts that exhibit extreme seasonality. Cold temperatures are assumed to affect cryptocrystalline brittle solids adversely, whereas organic and composite projectiles are more resilient. Here, an experiment was designed to test the brittleness of stone and antler composite projectile points subjected to different temperatures. It was demonstrated that cold temperatures do not impact projectile point brittleness. However, differences in projectile raw material type were found to fracture differentially suggesting other probable factors associated with projectile point raw material selection.
{"title":"Do projectile points get cold? An experimental approach examining composite and stone projectile technology","authors":"Jacob S. Adams, W. Andrefsky","doi":"10.1177/0197693119873165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119873165","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have noted that cold temperatures may have had an impact on hunter-gatherer decisions concerning raw material selection for projectile points. This line of reasoning has been used to explain the phenomenon of projectile points of different materials occurring during the same time period in archaeological contexts that exhibit extreme seasonality. Cold temperatures are assumed to affect cryptocrystalline brittle solids adversely, whereas organic and composite projectiles are more resilient. Here, an experiment was designed to test the brittleness of stone and antler composite projectile points subjected to different temperatures. It was demonstrated that cold temperatures do not impact projectile point brittleness. However, differences in projectile raw material type were found to fracture differentially suggesting other probable factors associated with projectile point raw material selection.","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"221 1","pages":"127 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77419131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.1177/0197693118825419
H. Rockwell
{"title":"Grant S McCall (2018) Strategies for Quantitative Research: Archaeology by Numbers:","authors":"H. Rockwell","doi":"10.1177/0197693118825419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693118825419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"2 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79524045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.1177/0197693118825401
K. Fowler, B. M. Shabaga, Kevin Brownlee, M. Fayek
The objective of this study is to better understand how people gained resources to make Middle and Late Woodland pottery from Sipiwesk Lake in northcentral Manitoba. To meet this objective, we conducted petrographic analyses of sediments from Sipiwesk Lake, archaeological sherds from sites around the lake, material from outwashes, fired experimental tiles, and sherds from archaeological sites across the boreal forest ecozone and the prairie ecozone in the south-central and south-western regions of the province. Specimens from each sample were examined using optical petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct fabrics (fired pastes) were identified by correlating the results of these analytical techniques. Each fabric can be considered a “paste recipe” that has local, regional, or pan-regional distributions. Local and regional distribution patterns redefine what “local” production means for mobile hunter-gather communities when the distances people travel for regular and routine seasonal activities are considered. This new model challenges exchange as an explanation for the spatial distribution of pottery. Expanding the range of exploitable distance thresholds for resource acquisition is alone enough to explain why the same pottery compositions would be found over vast areas incorporating one or more river systems. We further suggest that pan-regional recipes resulted from similar practices that served to add, remove, and/or alter the properties of nonplastics in clays. Such practices could potentially frustrate pottery provenience analysis, and we urge further research on the production of experimental pastes and the application of geochemical analyses to precontact Manitoba pottery.
{"title":"Identifying precontact ceramic resource areas in the boreal forest of northern Manitoba, Canada","authors":"K. Fowler, B. M. Shabaga, Kevin Brownlee, M. Fayek","doi":"10.1177/0197693118825401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693118825401","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to better understand how people gained resources to make Middle and Late Woodland pottery from Sipiwesk Lake in northcentral Manitoba. To meet this objective, we conducted petrographic analyses of sediments from Sipiwesk Lake, archaeological sherds from sites around the lake, material from outwashes, fired experimental tiles, and sherds from archaeological sites across the boreal forest ecozone and the prairie ecozone in the south-central and south-western regions of the province. Specimens from each sample were examined using optical petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct fabrics (fired pastes) were identified by correlating the results of these analytical techniques. Each fabric can be considered a “paste recipe” that has local, regional, or pan-regional distributions. Local and regional distribution patterns redefine what “local” production means for mobile hunter-gather communities when the distances people travel for regular and routine seasonal activities are considered. This new model challenges exchange as an explanation for the spatial distribution of pottery. Expanding the range of exploitable distance thresholds for resource acquisition is alone enough to explain why the same pottery compositions would be found over vast areas incorporating one or more river systems. We further suggest that pan-regional recipes resulted from similar practices that served to add, remove, and/or alter the properties of nonplastics in clays. Such practices could potentially frustrate pottery provenience analysis, and we urge further research on the production of experimental pastes and the application of geochemical analyses to precontact Manitoba pottery.","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"84 1","pages":"3 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77500747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119840086
K. Tankersley, Isabel Hassett, Elaine Platt, Audrey R. Laiveling, E. Bradford
This article uses experimental archaeology to provide empirical data on the impact of soil salinization on ancient maize agriculture. Hopi blue maize was experimentally grown in a drought-prone soil containing an extremely high level (50%) of evaporite mineral salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, and NaCl) in order to evaluate their effect on agricultural productivity. A control group of plants was grown in the absence of mineral salts. All of plants, which were companion planted with beans and squash, were adversely impacted by evaporite mineral salts. Maize grown alone in CaCO3−, CaSO4−, and NaCl-enriched soil exceeded the height of the control plants because the mineral salts acted as a fertilizer. Plants grown in NaCl-enriched soil produced cobbs that were reduced in size and kernel number. These findings suggest that CaCO3 and CaSO4, the most common evaporite mineral salts found in soil, would not have adversely impacted Ancestral Puebloan maize agriculture.
{"title":"The impact of soil salinity on maize agriculture: An experimental archaeology approach","authors":"K. Tankersley, Isabel Hassett, Elaine Platt, Audrey R. Laiveling, E. Bradford","doi":"10.1177/0197693119840086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119840086","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses experimental archaeology to provide empirical data on the impact of soil salinization on ancient maize agriculture. Hopi blue maize was experimentally grown in a drought-prone soil containing an extremely high level (50%) of evaporite mineral salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, and NaCl) in order to evaluate their effect on agricultural productivity. A control group of plants was grown in the absence of mineral salts. All of plants, which were companion planted with beans and squash, were adversely impacted by evaporite mineral salts. Maize grown alone in CaCO3−, CaSO4−, and NaCl-enriched soil exceeded the height of the control plants because the mineral salts acted as a fertilizer. Plants grown in NaCl-enriched soil produced cobbs that were reduced in size and kernel number. These findings suggest that CaCO3 and CaSO4, the most common evaporite mineral salts found in soil, would not have adversely impacted Ancestral Puebloan maize agriculture.","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"91 1","pages":"36 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90536872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119838686
Jonathan A. Burns
{"title":"First Pennsylvanians: The Archaeology of Native Americans in Pennsylvania by Kurt W Carr and Roger W Moeller","authors":"Jonathan A. Burns","doi":"10.1177/0197693119838686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119838686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"35 1","pages":"59 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80215807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693119836290
Mark R Barnes
{"title":"Archaeological Perspectives on the French in the New World by Elizabeth Scott (ed.)","authors":"Mark R Barnes","doi":"10.1177/0197693119836290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693119836290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"78 1","pages":"54 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89515138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1177/0197693118806070
Cora A Woolsey
In the Maine–Maritimes Region, the Late Woodland (1350–500 BP) Period is thought to have been accompanied by a decrease in ceramic quality because of less-skilled potters. Although ceramics made during the Late Woodland tend to physically degrade easier than earlier ceramics because of coarser pastes and less well-joined coils, the reasons for the change in manufacturing practices have not been explored. Using the ceramic assemblage from the Gaspereau Lake Reservoir Site Complex in King’s County, Nova Scotia, Canada, this study used simple statistical techniques to suggest that potters increasingly used more expedient manufacture through time. These practices would have enabled potters to turn out pots under tighter deadlines to support large-scale gatherings that probably became more prevalent during the Late Woodland Period.
{"title":"Shifting priorities apparent in Middle and Late Woodland ceramics from Nova Scotia","authors":"Cora A Woolsey","doi":"10.1177/0197693118806070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0197693118806070","url":null,"abstract":"In the Maine–Maritimes Region, the Late Woodland (1350–500 BP) Period is thought to have been accompanied by a decrease in ceramic quality because of less-skilled potters. Although ceramics made during the Late Woodland tend to physically degrade easier than earlier ceramics because of coarser pastes and less well-joined coils, the reasons for the change in manufacturing practices have not been explored. Using the ceramic assemblage from the Gaspereau Lake Reservoir Site Complex in King’s County, Nova Scotia, Canada, this study used simple statistical techniques to suggest that potters increasingly used more expedient manufacture through time. These practices would have enabled potters to turn out pots under tighter deadlines to support large-scale gatherings that probably became more prevalent during the Late Woodland Period.","PeriodicalId":43677,"journal":{"name":"NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST","volume":"72 1","pages":"260 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91244937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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