A. Szwarc, Michał Chamera, H. Duda, D. Memmert, L. Radziminski
The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of the actions efficiency in elite goalkeepers. 54 observations of 25 goalkeepers participating in 27 matches of the World and the European Championships and the Africa Cup of Nations and Copa America held in the years 2014–2019 were included. The study applied a method of observation. Game data were registered on a self-developed observation sheet. Goalkeepers’ activity, effectiveness, and reliability with a view to implementing the objectives of the game were analyzed in offensive and in defense. It was found that in the elite goalkeepers’ game, offensive actions constitute 62% and defensive 38% of all actions taken in matches. Actions aimed at positioning the game and at preventing a loss of a goal (60% and 22% respectively) dominated. In offensive goalkeepers showed the highest reliability in positioning the game by passing the ball with the foot, while in defense in preventing the loss of a goal by catching the ball. The created models mapping the top-skilled goalkeepers’ actions allow improving the process of coaching by referring their game to objective patterns.
{"title":"Characteristics of the efficiency of actions of top-level goalkeepers in soccer","authors":"A. Szwarc, Michał Chamera, H. Duda, D. Memmert, L. Radziminski","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of the actions efficiency in elite goalkeepers. 54 observations of 25 goalkeepers participating in 27 matches of the World and the European Championships and the Africa Cup of Nations and Copa America held in the years 2014–2019 were included. The study applied a method of observation. Game data were registered on a self-developed observation sheet. Goalkeepers’ activity, effectiveness, and reliability with a view to implementing the objectives of the game were analyzed in offensive and in defense. It was found that in the elite goalkeepers’ game, offensive actions constitute 62% and defensive 38% of all actions taken in matches. Actions aimed at positioning the game and at preventing a loss of a goal (60% and 22% respectively) dominated. In offensive goalkeepers showed the highest reliability in positioning the game by passing the ball with the foot, while in defense in preventing the loss of a goal by catching the ball. The created models mapping the top-skilled goalkeepers’ actions allow improving the process of coaching by referring their game to objective patterns.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76599335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Párraga-Montilla, J. C. Cabrera Linares, Pedro Jiménez Reyes, Manuel MOYANO LÓPEZ, Victor Serrano Huete, José A. MORCILLO LOSA, P. L. Latorre Román
Introduction: The force–velocity profile has been analysed previously in different sports modalities; nevertheless, it has not been analysed in CrossFit. Objective: The aim of this study was to report neuromuscular characteristics of CrossFit athletes using their individual force-velocity profile, investigating differences according to sex, age, and training frequency. Materials and Methods: 72 males (33.17 ± 6.86 years; BMI: 25.93 ± 3.64 kg/m2) and 18 females (30.11 ± 6.92 years; BMI: 23.53 ± 3.98 kg/m2) participated in this study. The force-velocity profile was calculated using Samozino’s method. Furthermore, neuromuscular characterization was completed with a squat jump and three drop jumps (20, 30, and 40 cm). Results: Regarding sex, significant differences in all analysed mechanical variables (p < 0.001) were found except for the theoretical maximal force (p = 0.944). No significant differences were found between age groups. Considering training frequency, athletes who train more than 5 days per week showed higher performance in all analysed mechanical variables (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CrossFit athletes have a force-velocity profile more oriented towards velocity than force. Males and females have different neuromuscular characteristics, also neuromuscular improvements can be achieved at any age. Moreover, higher neuromuscular performance is developed with a training frequency of 5 days or more per week.
{"title":"Force–velocity profiles in CrossFit athletes: A cross-sectional study considering sex, age, and training frequency","authors":"J. Párraga-Montilla, J. C. Cabrera Linares, Pedro Jiménez Reyes, Manuel MOYANO LÓPEZ, Victor Serrano Huete, José A. MORCILLO LOSA, P. L. Latorre Román","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The force–velocity profile has been analysed previously in different sports modalities; nevertheless, it has not been analysed in CrossFit. Objective: The aim of this study was to report neuromuscular characteristics of CrossFit athletes using their individual force-velocity profile, investigating differences according to sex, age, and training frequency. Materials and Methods: 72 males (33.17 ± 6.86 years; BMI: 25.93 ± 3.64 kg/m2) and 18 females (30.11 ± 6.92 years; BMI: 23.53 ± 3.98 kg/m2) participated in this study. The force-velocity profile was calculated using Samozino’s method. Furthermore, neuromuscular characterization was completed with a squat jump and three drop jumps (20, 30, and 40 cm). Results: Regarding sex, significant differences in all analysed mechanical variables (p < 0.001) were found except for the theoretical maximal force (p = 0.944). No significant differences were found between age groups. Considering training frequency, athletes who train more than 5 days per week showed higher performance in all analysed mechanical variables (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CrossFit athletes have a force-velocity profile more oriented towards velocity than force. Males and females have different neuromuscular characteristics, also neuromuscular improvements can be achieved at any age. Moreover, higher neuromuscular performance is developed with a training frequency of 5 days or more per week.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneeta Jevtani, Erum Perveen, Mustafa Uroosa, Nazia Zeya, Farkhanda Emad, Fareeha Kanwal, M. Azhaar, Faisal Yamin
Introduction: In Pakistan, psychological wellbeing is still considered a stigma and has limited resources to provide maximum care. Individuals with mental illness struggle with maintaining their sedentary behaviors and have poor wellbeing. The aim of the study is to investigate the physical activity among individuals with a psychiatric illness. Materials and Methods: A sample data of 144 outpatients, diagnosed with a psychiatric illness were collected from the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a public sector psychiatric set-up in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Females with a psychiatric illness were found to be more physically active as compared to males with a psy-chiatric illness (p <.01). Females were reported to have significant results (p <.01) in the domain of housework, while males reported having significant high scores (p <.05) in the domain of trans-portation-related physical activity. The moderate intensity of physical activity was found signif-icant among females (p <.01) with a psychiatric illness, while walking intensity of physical activity was found significant among males with a psychiatric illness (p <.05). Conclusion: Gender was found to be a predicting factor for physical activity. There was an additional finding that married individuals were physically more active than single individuals (p <.05). Further studies are recommended to investigate barriers related to variables to facilitate healthy living.
{"title":"Physical activity among adults with psychiatric illness in Karachi, Pakistan: A survey based research","authors":"Aneeta Jevtani, Erum Perveen, Mustafa Uroosa, Nazia Zeya, Farkhanda Emad, Fareeha Kanwal, M. Azhaar, Faisal Yamin","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Pakistan, psychological wellbeing is still considered a stigma and has limited resources to provide maximum care. Individuals with mental illness struggle with maintaining their sedentary behaviors and have poor wellbeing. The aim of the study is to investigate the physical activity among individuals with a psychiatric illness. Materials and Methods: A sample data of 144 outpatients, diagnosed with a psychiatric illness were collected from the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a public sector psychiatric set-up in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Females with a psychiatric illness were found to be more physically active as compared to males with a psy-chiatric illness (p <.01). Females were reported to have significant results (p <.01) in the domain of housework, while males reported having significant high scores (p <.05) in the domain of trans-portation-related physical activity. The moderate intensity of physical activity was found signif-icant among females (p <.01) with a psychiatric illness, while walking intensity of physical activity was found significant among males with a psychiatric illness (p <.05). Conclusion: Gender was found to be a predicting factor for physical activity. There was an additional finding that married individuals were physically more active than single individuals (p <.05). Further studies are recommended to investigate barriers related to variables to facilitate healthy living.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89573873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This research has been conducted so it can help to understand the feelings of love and hatred towards the opposing team and their supporters of football club fans and to determine and control the fans’ aggression. Objective: This study aims to adapt the Love–Hate Scale for Sports Fans (LHSSF) to the Turkish context to evaluate the fanatic (love and hate) feelings of football fans. Methods: The study groups consisted of 205 football fans aged 18–58 years (mean age = 30.11). The original version of the scale consists of seven items and two sub-dimensions. To test the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted, and internal consistency coefficients for the reliability of the scale were calculated. Results: According to the EFA result, the scale consisted of two sub-dimensions. In addition, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was tested. In the performed analyses, the χ2/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, IFI, SRMR and RMSEA goodness-of-fit indices were examined. The obtained values indicate that the fit indices are at a good fit level. Conclusions: The study reached significant findings indicating that the LHSSF adapted to the Turkish culture for Sports Fans can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in measuring love and hate levels among fans.
{"title":"Adaptation of the Love–Hate Scale for Sports Fans into Turkish: A validity and reliability study","authors":"Sercan Kural, O. Ozbek, Bulent Gurbuz","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This research has been conducted so it can help to understand the feelings of love and hatred towards the opposing team and their supporters of football club fans and to determine and control the fans’ aggression. Objective: This study aims to adapt the Love–Hate Scale for Sports Fans (LHSSF) to the Turkish context to evaluate the fanatic (love and hate) feelings of football fans. Methods: The study groups consisted of 205 football fans aged 18–58 years (mean age = 30.11). The original version of the scale consists of seven items and two sub-dimensions. To test the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted, and internal consistency coefficients for the reliability of the scale were calculated. Results: According to the EFA result, the scale consisted of two sub-dimensions. In addition, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was tested. In the performed analyses, the χ2/df, GFI, AGFI, CFI, IFI, SRMR and RMSEA goodness-of-fit indices were examined. The obtained values indicate that the fit indices are at a good fit level. Conclusions: The study reached significant findings indicating that the LHSSF adapted to the Turkish culture for Sports Fans can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in measuring love and hate levels among fans.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88608101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulina Krolikowska, Piotr Rodak, Monika Papla, Wojciech Grzyb, A. Gołaś
Introduction: his study investigated the relationship between hip abductor strength (Abd), adductor strength (Add), straight accelerations and decelerations, and during changes of direction (COD 90°) performance in basketball players. Material and Methods: Fourteen basketball players participated (age = 23.6 ± 4.4 years, body mass = 86.3 ± 5.9 kg, body height = 192.3 ± 6.2 cm, training experience = 6.7 ± 2.6 years). Straight running results and running with a change of direction (COD 90°) have been described as the time (s) obtained for a given length. Following tests were carried out: maximum isometric strength test, 20-m linear sprint and 20-m COD sprint with 90° direction change angles. Following the warm-up, all athletes performed two maximal 20-m linear sprints, interspersed with 5 min rest intervals. Following the 20-m linear sprint test, the participants were provided with a 5 min rest interval before completing the COD tests. Additionally, the balance in isometric strength of the dominant and non-dominant hip Abd-Add muscles were evaluated. Two maximum attempts interspersed with one-minute rest intervals were performed. Results: The t-test revealed statistically significant higher absolute and relative isometric strength of AddR (adductor right) in comparison to AddL (adductor left). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the maximum isometric force and the relative strength of the abductor muscle group have a significant effect on changing direction running. Moreover, hip Abd and Add are typical for strength bilateral strength imbalances. Therefore, the evaluation and development of these qualities are essential for coaches to monitor and prescribe adequate training regimens.
{"title":"Analysis of the adductors and abductors' maximum isometric strength on the level of speed and agility in basketball players","authors":"Paulina Krolikowska, Piotr Rodak, Monika Papla, Wojciech Grzyb, A. Gołaś","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: his study investigated the relationship between hip abductor strength (Abd), adductor strength (Add), straight accelerations and decelerations, and during changes of direction (COD 90°) performance in basketball players. Material and Methods: Fourteen basketball players participated (age = 23.6 ± 4.4 years, body mass = 86.3 ± 5.9 kg, body height = 192.3 ± 6.2 cm, training experience = 6.7 ± 2.6 years). Straight running results and running with a change of direction (COD 90°) have been described as the time (s) obtained for a given length. Following tests were carried out: maximum isometric strength test, 20-m linear sprint and 20-m COD sprint with 90° direction change angles. Following the warm-up, all athletes performed two maximal 20-m linear sprints, interspersed with 5 min rest intervals. Following the 20-m linear sprint test, the participants were provided with a 5 min rest interval before completing the COD tests. Additionally, the balance in isometric strength of the dominant and non-dominant hip Abd-Add muscles were evaluated. Two maximum attempts interspersed with one-minute rest intervals were performed. Results: The t-test revealed statistically significant higher absolute and relative isometric strength of AddR (adductor right) in comparison to AddL (adductor left). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the maximum isometric force and the relative strength of the abductor muscle group have a significant effect on changing direction running. Moreover, hip Abd and Add are typical for strength bilateral strength imbalances. Therefore, the evaluation and development of these qualities are essential for coaches to monitor and prescribe adequate training regimens.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lewandowski, Jadwiga Sarwińska, Zuzanna Piekorz
Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine basic physical traits of physiotherapists and indicators of their occupation according to social expectations. Material and Methods: 2121 people of different sex, age and education participated in the study. The preferences were categorized by sex and the education level. The test for equality of two percentage structures based on statistics ‘Z’ and the test for equality of proportions based on Fisher-Snedecor’s test were implemented. Results: The preferences for the physical traits are consistent with those commonly expected, and the high level of fitness is expected in the context of significant psychological and physical burdens. The respondents’ education level rather than gender seems to be a more significant variable in the evaluation of personal characteristics. The most significant differences can be noticed in the choices of people with a low level of education. Conclusions: Sex and education influence the preferences regarding the build of a physiotherapist and the characteristics of their job, and the results of the most important appearance attributes and body build clearly show a lack of social acceptance of therapists who neglect their appearance.
{"title":"Physiotherapists’ work in public perception","authors":"A. Lewandowski, Jadwiga Sarwińska, Zuzanna Piekorz","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine basic physical traits of physiotherapists and indicators of their occupation according to social expectations. Material and Methods: 2121 people of different sex, age and education participated in the study. The preferences were categorized by sex and the education level. The test for equality of two percentage structures based on statistics ‘Z’ and the test for equality of proportions based on Fisher-Snedecor’s test were implemented. Results: The preferences for the physical traits are consistent with those commonly expected, and the high level of fitness is expected in the context of significant psychological and physical burdens. The respondents’ education level rather than gender seems to be a more significant variable in the evaluation of personal characteristics. The most significant differences can be noticed in the choices of people with a low level of education. Conclusions: Sex and education influence the preferences regarding the build of a physiotherapist and the characteristics of their job, and the results of the most important appearance attributes and body build clearly show a lack of social acceptance of therapists who neglect their appearance.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74686392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The physiological curvatures of the spine in the sagittal plane are constantly evolving along with changes in the structure and proportions of the body and physical activity. The aim of this study is to identify and assess the strength of the influence of body features and indices on the values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles with the use of a mathematical model. In the years 2006–2016, 1,314 female students aged ( ± SD 19.7 ± 0.4) (min.–max. 18.1–22.5) were examined. Materials and Methods. The following measurements were made: body mass (BM), body height (BH), waist circumference (WC), hips circumference (HC), body fat (%Fat), total body water (%TBW), the value of thoracic kyphosis angles (THKA) and lumbar lordosis angles (LLA). The body mass index (BMI), the body adiposity index (BAI), the waist–hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference (WC) were analyzed. Results: WC is the predictor for changes in the value of the angle of thoracic kyphosis, and the BAI is a predictor for changes in the value of angle of lumbar lordosis. Conclusion: The presented mathematical models are a method of non-invasive control of the values of the angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis and support the monitoring of the process of compensation, correction and therapy.
{"title":"The use of characteristics and indicators of body construction as predictors in the identification of the angle values of the physiological curves of the spine in sequential objective testing - mathematical models","authors":"Jacek Tuz, A. Maszczyk, A. Zwierzchowska","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The physiological curvatures of the spine in the sagittal plane are constantly evolving along with changes in the structure and proportions of the body and physical activity. The aim of this study is to identify and assess the strength of the influence of body features and indices on the values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles with the use of a mathematical model. In the years 2006–2016, 1,314 female students aged ( ± SD 19.7 ± 0.4) (min.–max. 18.1–22.5) were examined. Materials and Methods. The following measurements were made: body mass (BM), body height (BH), waist circumference (WC), hips circumference (HC), body fat (%Fat), total body water (%TBW), the value of thoracic kyphosis angles (THKA) and lumbar lordosis angles (LLA). The body mass index (BMI), the body adiposity index (BAI), the waist–hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference (WC) were analyzed. Results: WC is the predictor for changes in the value of the angle of thoracic kyphosis, and the BAI is a predictor for changes in the value of angle of lumbar lordosis. Conclusion: The presented mathematical models are a method of non-invasive control of the values of the angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis and support the monitoring of the process of compensation, correction and therapy.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83784505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of this study is to develop the Taekwondo Performance Protocol (TPP), with which taekwondo-specific speed and quickness performance can be measured. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with the participation of 79 active athletes that were at least at 1st gup level (red – black belt). At the development stage of the TPP, reliability calculations were made using the test-retest method. During the examination of the validity of TPP, Illinois agility, 20-meter sprint, vertical jump, and anaerobic power (Lewis) performances and the correlations between them were examined. In addition, TPP's effectiveness in distinguishing athletes of different performance levels was examined. Results: The results showed that TPP has a high level of reliability. It was also found that TPP was associated with Illinois agility, 20-m sprint, vertical jump, and anaerobic power (Lewis) characteristics at a low-to-medium level and had a high level of distinguishing ability for athletes of different performance levels. Conclusions: The results show that TPP is an economical, simple, reliable, and valid taekwondo-specific performance test.
{"title":"Development of the Taekwondo Performance Protocol to Assess Technical Speed and Quickness","authors":"Cengiz Olmez, Selami Yuksek","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study is to develop the Taekwondo Performance Protocol (TPP), with which taekwondo-specific speed and quickness performance can be measured. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with the participation of 79 active athletes that were at least at 1st gup level (red – black belt). At the development stage of the TPP, reliability calculations were made using the test-retest method. During the examination of the validity of TPP, Illinois agility, 20-meter sprint, vertical jump, and anaerobic power (Lewis) performances and the correlations between them were examined. In addition, TPP's effectiveness in distinguishing athletes of different performance levels was examined. Results: The results showed that TPP has a high level of reliability. It was also found that TPP was associated with Illinois agility, 20-m sprint, vertical jump, and anaerobic power (Lewis) characteristics at a low-to-medium level and had a high level of distinguishing ability for athletes of different performance levels. Conclusions: The results show that TPP is an economical, simple, reliable, and valid taekwondo-specific performance test.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89274098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Keller, H. Notbohm, W. Bloch, M. Schumann
Introduction: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced as a response to exercise and play a part in guiding the adaptive response to physical training. Exercise in the heat has been shown to further increase accumulation of RONS in systemic circulation; however, a high anti-oxidative response or heat acclimatization mechanisms could attenuate this response. In a previous study, we found reduced RONS concentrations in trained athletes following strenuous cycling in the heat. Therefore, this secondary analysis assessed whether these reduced RONS serum con-centrations are induced by an increased serum antioxidant capacity. Methods: Twelve male cyclists (V̇O2peak: 60 ± 4 ml ∙ kg-1 ∙ min-1) completed a 60-minute constant workload trial (55% peak power output, ambient temperature 30.4 ± 0.6°C) with and without ice vest in a randomized order. The core body temperature (Tcore) was measured by an ingestible capsule. Blood samples were col-lected before and after each trial to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and RONS. Due to the absence of between-group dif-ferences, data of both conditions were pooled. Results: Tcore statistically increased (p < 0.001) over the experimental trials (+6.0 ± 1.6%, effect size (ES) = 5.6). Concentrations of RONS (-17.2 ± 15.5%, p < 0.001, ES = 1.0) and TAC (-8.9 ± 22.9%, p = 0.04, ES = 0.7) statistically decreased, while the activity of CAT (+15.5 ± 84.0%, p = 0.90, ES = 0.04) and SOD (+9.2 ± 58.7%, p = 0.98, ES = 0.01) remained un-changed. Conclusions: Reduced serum RONS concentrations after strenuous cycling in the heat were not associated with upregulation of serum antioxidant capacity in trained athletes. The prooxidant-antioxidant balance may rather be regulated at a myocellular level and should be further assessed in future studies.
摘要:活性氧和活性氮(Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, RONS)是机体对运动产生的反应，在指导机体对运动的适应性反应中起着重要作用。高温下的运动已被证明会进一步增加体循环中活性氧的积累;然而，高抗氧化反应或热驯化机制可能会减弱这种反应。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现训练有素的运动员在高温下剧烈骑行后，其ron浓度会降低。因此，这项二级分析评估了这些降低的RONS血清浓度是否是由血清抗氧化能力增加引起的。方法:12名男性骑自行车者(V (o) 2峰值:60±4 ml∙kg-1∙min-1)，以随机顺序完成60分钟恒定负荷试验(55%峰值功率输出，环境温度30.4±0.6°C)。核心体温(Tcore)采用可摄取胶囊测量。每次试验前后均采集血样，测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(TAC)和活性氧自由基(RONS)。由于没有组间差异，因此将两种情况的数据合并。结果:Tcore较实验组有统计学差异(p < 0.001)(+6.0±1.6%，效应量(ES) = 5.6)。小鼠血清中活性氧(-17.2±15.5%，p < 0.001, ES = 1.0)和活性氧(-8.9±22.9%，p = 0.04, ES = 0.7)含量均有统计学意义降低，而CAT(+15.5±84.0%，p = 0.90, ES = 0.04)和SOD(+9.2±58.7%，p = 0.98, ES = 0.01)活性保持不变。结论:在训练有素的运动员中，在高温下剧烈骑行后血清RONS浓度的降低与血清抗氧化能力的上调无关。促氧化-抗氧化平衡可能是在心肌细胞水平上调节的，应该在未来的研究中进一步评估。
{"title":"Reduced serum concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species following strenuous exercise in the heat are not associ-ated with an upregulation in serum antioxidative capacity","authors":"Sebastian Keller, H. Notbohm, W. Bloch, M. Schumann","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced as a response to exercise and play a part in guiding the adaptive response to physical training. Exercise in the heat has been shown to further increase accumulation of RONS in systemic circulation; however, a high anti-oxidative response or heat acclimatization mechanisms could attenuate this response. In a previous study, we found reduced RONS concentrations in trained athletes following strenuous cycling in the heat. Therefore, this secondary analysis assessed whether these reduced RONS serum con-centrations are induced by an increased serum antioxidant capacity. Methods: Twelve male cyclists (V̇O2peak: 60 ± 4 ml ∙ kg-1 ∙ min-1) completed a 60-minute constant workload trial (55% peak power output, ambient temperature 30.4 ± 0.6°C) with and without ice vest in a randomized order. The core body temperature (Tcore) was measured by an ingestible capsule. Blood samples were col-lected before and after each trial to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and RONS. Due to the absence of between-group dif-ferences, data of both conditions were pooled. Results: Tcore statistically increased (p < 0.001) over the experimental trials (+6.0 ± 1.6%, effect size (ES) = 5.6). Concentrations of RONS (-17.2 ± 15.5%, p < 0.001, ES = 1.0) and TAC (-8.9 ± 22.9%, p = 0.04, ES = 0.7) statistically decreased, while the activity of CAT (+15.5 ± 84.0%, p = 0.90, ES = 0.04) and SOD (+9.2 ± 58.7%, p = 0.98, ES = 0.01) remained un-changed. Conclusions: Reduced serum RONS concentrations after strenuous cycling in the heat were not associated with upregulation of serum antioxidant capacity in trained athletes. The prooxidant-antioxidant balance may rather be regulated at a myocellular level and should be further assessed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90515828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Esen, N. Kafa, N. Atalay Guzel, Cengiz Akarcesme
Taping has long been used by health professionals to provide mechanical support for the musculoskeletal system. However, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the effect of Dynamic® taping. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Dynamic® taping on vertical jump and medial longitudinal arch height in adolescent volleyball players with navicular drop. Material and Methods: 23 female athletes participated in the study (mean age of 15.22 ± 1.54 years). The medial longitudinal arch height was evaluated with the navicular drop test. Vertical jumping was measured with the VERT® device (Mayfonk Athletic, USA). On the first day, athletes were evaluated without a tape, and the next day re-evaluated with the taping on. All athletes jumped on eight different surfaces. Results: The distance of navicular drop in both feet decreased to a statistically significant extent (P < .05) following Dynamic® taping. Comparing the vertical jump heights on eight different floor surfaces, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference for all cases (P > .05). Conclusions: Dynamic® tape application can be used as an easy-to-apply practical treatment agent to support the MLA in asymptomatic athletes with an increasing navicular drop.
{"title":"The effects of Dynamic® taping on vertical jumps in adolescent volleyball players with low medial longitudinal arch","authors":"D. Esen, N. Kafa, N. Atalay Guzel, Cengiz Akarcesme","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Taping has long been used by health professionals to provide mechanical support for the musculoskeletal system. However, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the effect of Dynamic® taping. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Dynamic® taping on vertical jump and medial longitudinal arch height in adolescent volleyball players with navicular drop. Material and Methods: 23 female athletes participated in the study (mean age of 15.22 ± 1.54 years). The medial longitudinal arch height was evaluated with the navicular drop test. Vertical jumping was measured with the VERT® device (Mayfonk Athletic, USA). On the first day, athletes were evaluated without a tape, and the next day re-evaluated with the taping on. All athletes jumped on eight different surfaces. Results: The distance of navicular drop in both feet decreased to a statistically significant extent (P < .05) following Dynamic® taping. Comparing the vertical jump heights on eight different floor surfaces, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference for all cases (P > .05). Conclusions: Dynamic® tape application can be used as an easy-to-apply practical treatment agent to support the MLA in asymptomatic athletes with an increasing navicular drop.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90812606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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