Monika Papla, Agata Latocha, Wojciech Grzyb, A. Gołaś
Introduction: Although soccer matches require players to perform repetitive power-related abilities, the impact of lower-body strength and power asymmetry on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between lower limb power, sprint, and change of direction (COD) performance. In addition, the relationship between lower limb power asymmetry and the above mentioned running tests was determined. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male soccer players from First Polish League (age = 24.8 ±8.2 years, body mass = 77.4 ±16.9kg, body height=179.5 ±14.5cm, soccer training experience = 10 ± 1.5years) took part in the study. To examine the relationship between linear sprint, lower limb muscle power, and COD performance (time and deficit), the following tests were performed: 5-and 20-m linear sprint, leg press exercise, and two 20-m COD sprints (“COD90” and “L” test). Result: Pearson correlation coefficients didn’t show any statistically significant relationship between lower limb power and linear sprint speed as well as COD performance. The results indicate that the considered variables are independent physical characteristics. Conclusion: Relative lower limb-power output and low level of mean inter-limb asymmetry in power output does not affect 5- and 20-m linear sprint time and COD performance with 90° turn.
{"title":"Relationship between lower limb power output, sprint and change of direction performance in soccer players","authors":"Monika Papla, Agata Latocha, Wojciech Grzyb, A. Gołaś","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although soccer matches require players to perform repetitive power-related abilities, the impact of lower-body strength and power asymmetry on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the relationship between lower limb power, sprint, and change of direction (COD) performance. In addition, the relationship between lower limb power asymmetry and the above mentioned running tests was determined. Material and Methods: Twenty-four male soccer players from First Polish League (age = 24.8 ±8.2 years, body mass = 77.4 ±16.9kg, body height=179.5 ±14.5cm, soccer training experience = 10 ± 1.5years) took part in the study. To examine the relationship between linear sprint, lower limb muscle power, and COD performance (time and deficit), the following tests were performed: 5-and 20-m linear sprint, leg press exercise, and two 20-m COD sprints (“COD90” and “L” test). Result: Pearson correlation coefficients didn’t show any statistically significant relationship between lower limb power and linear sprint speed as well as COD performance. The results indicate that the considered variables are independent physical characteristics. Conclusion: Relative lower limb-power output and low level of mean inter-limb asymmetry in power output does not affect 5- and 20-m linear sprint time and COD performance with 90° turn.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89008298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Increased adiposity leads to impaired physiologic growth hormone secretion and low and high body mass index (BMI) values increase health risks. However, BMI only measures results in variations in fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), normalized fat-free mass index (NFMI), and body fat mass (BFM). This study evaluated the insulin-like growth factor system responses to the given exercise and their interaction with the changes in BMI, FFM, FFMI, and NFFMI in healthy male participants. Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial with a parallel groups study design was used. Thirty healthy male participants (age: 21.33 ±1.24 years) were divided into three categories: high-intensity incremental (n = 12) and low-intensity constant (n = 12) cycling training groups and control group (n = 6). Training groups performed three times per week throughout eight weeks. VO2max, serum biomarkers, and neuromuscular performance were measured both during baseline and follow-up. Results: The changes in bioavailable IGF were not correlated with BMI (r = –.267), whereas they significantly positively correlated with BFM (r = .321), and inversely significantly correlated with FFM (r = –.472), FFMI (r = –.425), and NFFMI (r = –.379) after 8 weeks of exercise. For relative bioavailable IGF changes, FFM (r2 = 0.17), FFMI (r2 = 0.18), and NFFMI (r2 = 0.14) percent change explained nearly three times the variance as BMI percent change (r2 = 0.07). Conclusions: Increased bioavailable IGF-I suggests an increased anticatabolic effect and inverse interaction with body composition phenotypes following exercise. The partitioning of BMI into FFM, FFMI, and NFFMI rather than relying on sole measures of BMI seem to offer more precise results in the assessment of the interactions between the body composition, neuromuscular performance adjusted with body composition phenotypes, and training-induced changes in insulin-like growth factor system.
{"title":"The potential role of selected body composition phenotypes in the interpretation of the exercise-induced components of the insulin-like growth factor systems","authors":"Gökhan Umutlu, N. Demirci","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Increased adiposity leads to impaired physiologic growth hormone secretion and low and high body mass index (BMI) values increase health risks. However, BMI only measures results in variations in fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), normalized fat-free mass index (NFMI), and body fat mass (BFM). This study evaluated the insulin-like growth factor system responses to the given exercise and their interaction with the changes in BMI, FFM, FFMI, and NFFMI in healthy male participants. Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial with a parallel groups study design was used. Thirty healthy male participants (age: 21.33 ±1.24 years) were divided into three categories: high-intensity incremental (n = 12) and low-intensity constant (n = 12) cycling training groups and control group (n = 6). Training groups performed three times per week throughout eight weeks. VO2max, serum biomarkers, and neuromuscular performance were measured both during baseline and follow-up. Results: The changes in bioavailable IGF were not correlated with BMI (r = –.267), whereas they significantly positively correlated with BFM (r = .321), and inversely significantly correlated with FFM (r = –.472), FFMI (r = –.425), and NFFMI (r = –.379) after 8 weeks of exercise. For relative bioavailable IGF changes, FFM (r2 = 0.17), FFMI (r2 = 0.18), and NFFMI (r2 = 0.14) percent change explained nearly three times the variance as BMI percent change (r2 = 0.07). Conclusions: Increased bioavailable IGF-I suggests an increased anticatabolic effect and inverse interaction with body composition phenotypes following exercise. The partitioning of BMI into FFM, FFMI, and NFFMI rather than relying on sole measures of BMI seem to offer more precise results in the assessment of the interactions between the body composition, neuromuscular performance adjusted with body composition phenotypes, and training-induced changes in insulin-like growth factor system.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"487 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79982457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is to investigate the road to championship of an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who began physical activity in childhood under parental influence and won medals in competition as an athlete. In this research, founded on the phenomenological pattern from qualitative research models, data were collected in a semi-structured interview. Face-to-face interviews were held with the family, coach and the research participant. The content analysis method was used. The individual with ASD began a physical activity program in a special education center in childhood under parental influence and psychiatric referral. The individual with ASD continued in long-term regular physical activity. It was stated that physical activity provided many benefits like socialization, healthy lifestyle, development of motor skills. With the awareness of the individual’s ability for physical activity, they were directed toward a sport with parental support and through a coach. In conclusion, parental influence on physical activity and sport was effective in the individual with ASD to begin. Physical activity and sport also provided many significant benefits, and these benefits were effective in the continuation. The individual was observed to achieve success in their sports discipline as a result of this process.
{"title":"The road to championship: An example of an individual with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Halil Sarol, Rıfat Kerem Gürkan, B. Gürbüz","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to investigate the road to championship of an individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who began physical activity in childhood under parental influence and won medals in competition as an athlete. In this research, founded on the phenomenological pattern from qualitative research models, data were collected in a semi-structured interview. Face-to-face interviews were held with the family, coach and the research participant. The content analysis method was used. The individual with ASD began a physical activity program in a special education center in childhood under parental influence and psychiatric referral. The individual with ASD continued in long-term regular physical activity. It was stated that physical activity provided many benefits like socialization, healthy lifestyle, development of motor skills. With the awareness of the individual’s ability for physical activity, they were directed toward a sport with parental support and through a coach. In conclusion, parental influence on physical activity and sport was effective in the individual with ASD to begin. Physical activity and sport also provided many significant benefits, and these benefits were effective in the continuation. The individual was observed to achieve success in their sports discipline as a result of this process.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80746894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the isometric muscle strength (IMS) of the knee extensors and flexors, bilateral asymmetry (BA) and the hamstring: quadriceps ratio (H:Q ratio) between the dominant leg (DL) vs. the non-dominant leg (NDL) of males trained with free-weights vs. machines. Material and Methods: Thirty males were recruited and separated into two groups: Free-weights (n = 15) and Machines (n = 15) groups. All study participants performed the IMS testing for knee extensors and flexors in the DL and NDL using a commercially available load cell. The highest value obtained from the three trials was used for statistical analysis. Results: The IMS of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles for DL and NDL showed a significant increase in the Free-weight group when compared to the Machine group. In addition, a significant difference (p <.03) in the IMS of hamstring muscles between DL vs. NDL was observed in the Machine group. The H:Q ratio on DL (p < .002) and NDL (p < .01) was significantly higher in the Free-weight group. Conclusion: This study showed better isometric muscle strength of the thigh (hamstring and quadriceps) and the H:Q ratio in males trained with free weights. In addition, males trained with machines showed a bilateral asymmetry of the hamstring muscles and a lower H:Q ratio – consequently, a higher risk of knee injuries.
{"title":"An assessment of isometric muscle strength and the hamstring: Quadriceps ratio among males trained with free weights vs. machines","authors":"Geferson Honorato Da Silva, A. Maior","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the isometric muscle strength (IMS) of the knee extensors and flexors, bilateral asymmetry (BA) and the hamstring: quadriceps ratio (H:Q ratio) between the dominant leg (DL) vs. the non-dominant leg (NDL) of males trained with free-weights vs. machines. Material and Methods: Thirty males were recruited and separated into two groups: Free-weights (n = 15) and Machines (n = 15) groups. All study participants performed the IMS testing for knee extensors and flexors in the DL and NDL using a commercially available load cell. The highest value obtained from the three trials was used for statistical analysis. Results: The IMS of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles for DL and NDL showed a significant increase in the Free-weight group when compared to the Machine group. In addition, a significant difference (p <.03) in the IMS of hamstring muscles between DL vs. NDL was observed in the Machine group. The H:Q ratio on DL (p < .002) and NDL (p < .01) was significantly higher in the Free-weight group. Conclusion: This study showed better isometric muscle strength of the thigh (hamstring and quadriceps) and the H:Q ratio in males trained with free weights. In addition, males trained with machines showed a bilateral asymmetry of the hamstring muscles and a lower H:Q ratio – consequently, a higher risk of knee injuries.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77740725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawid Gawel, Magdalena Kaszuba, Z. Komarek, R. Krawczyk, Marta Bichowska, M. Jasiński, R. Trybulski
Introduction. The main goal of this study was to examine the effect of acute intake of 3 mg/kg/body mass (b.m.) of caffeine (CAF) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in recreationally trained women habituated to CAF. Material and Methods. 17 healthy recreationally trained women habitually using CAF participated in the study. The experiment followed randomized, cross-over, double-blind design under three different conditions: control test (CONT) or consumed placebo (PLAC) or consumed 3 mg/kg/b.m. of CAF (CAF-3). Each participant performed 2 sets of 2 CMJ. The following variables were recorded: concentric peak velocity (PV), peak power (PP) and jump height (JH). Results. The two-way repeated measure ANOVA (substance × set) revealed no statistically significant interaction and main effects for all measured variables between conditions. In comparison to the CONT and PLAC, the intake of CAF-3 was not effective at increasing PV (p = 0.533), JH (p = 0.417) and PP (p = 0.871) during 2 sets of the CMJ. Conclusions. This study suggests that 3 mg/kg/b.m. of CAF did not improve CMJ height in recreationally trained women habituated to CAF. Furthermore, the level of athletic performance might be considered a factor in regard to CAF ergogenicity.
{"title":"The effect of caffeine on countermovement jump performance in recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine","authors":"Dawid Gawel, Magdalena Kaszuba, Z. Komarek, R. Krawczyk, Marta Bichowska, M. Jasiński, R. Trybulski","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main goal of this study was to examine the effect of acute intake of 3 mg/kg/body mass (b.m.) of caffeine (CAF) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in recreationally trained women habituated to CAF. Material and Methods. 17 healthy recreationally trained women habitually using CAF participated in the study. The experiment followed randomized, cross-over, double-blind design under three different conditions: control test (CONT) or consumed placebo (PLAC) or consumed 3 mg/kg/b.m. of CAF (CAF-3). Each participant performed 2 sets of 2 CMJ. The following variables were recorded: concentric peak velocity (PV), peak power (PP) and jump height (JH). Results. The two-way repeated measure ANOVA (substance × set) revealed no statistically significant interaction and main effects for all measured variables between conditions. In comparison to the CONT and PLAC, the intake of CAF-3 was not effective at increasing PV (p = 0.533), JH (p = 0.417) and PP (p = 0.871) during 2 sets of the CMJ. Conclusions. This study suggests that 3 mg/kg/b.m. of CAF did not improve CMJ height in recreationally trained women habituated to CAF. Furthermore, the level of athletic performance might be considered a factor in regard to CAF ergogenicity.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. One of the factors increasing the body's response to a stressful situation is isolation. The feeling of loneliness in isolation can be caused by biological, psychological or medical factors. Material and methods: This paper is a review of publications issued in 2009–2021, the most up-to-date in terms of information on the topic of stress and its links with EEG neurofeedback. Results: 5 publications on stress caused by isolation and the reaction of the human body in a stressful situation were selected. The papers were selected based on the use of EEG neurofeedback in reducing the body's stress reactions to isolation. Conclusions: There is a lack of studies in the available literature describing the direct application of EEG neurofeedback in the reduction of stress caused by isolation despite demonstrating its potential in individual studies.
{"title":"EEG neurofeedback and isolation stressor. A systematic review","authors":"Kacper Gotner, M. Dornowski","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the factors increasing the body's response to a stressful situation is isolation. The feeling of loneliness in isolation can be caused by biological, psychological or medical factors. Material and methods: This paper is a review of publications issued in 2009–2021, the most up-to-date in terms of information on the topic of stress and its links with EEG neurofeedback. Results: 5 publications on stress caused by isolation and the reaction of the human body in a stressful situation were selected. The papers were selected based on the use of EEG neurofeedback in reducing the body's stress reactions to isolation. Conclusions: There is a lack of studies in the available literature describing the direct application of EEG neurofeedback in the reduction of stress caused by isolation despite demonstrating its potential in individual studies.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan Langer, A. Ignatieva, P. Fischerova, Magdalena Nitychoruk, A. Gołaś, Adam Maszczak
Introduction. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal load for generating the highest value of force, power and the rate of power and force development (RFD and RPD) in the upper limb of mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters with the use of activation and explosive exercises. The training period of MMA players was included in the research. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine MMA fighters participated in the study and were divided into two groups depending on the length of their training period (under and over 5 years). The subjects did 2 ballistic push-ups before the study and after-wards they performed 5 repetitions of press dumbbells while lying down with an increasing load: 50% 1RM, 65% 1RM and 80% 1RM. The rest was 4 minutes. All ballistic push-ups were performed on ForceDecks, and the data was analysed using the manufacturer’s software. To compare differences between the groups, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used. T-Student test was used to deter-mine the differences within the groups. Results: Amateurs obtained greater force and RPD results after the activation exercise performed at 50% 1RM, while power and RFD at 65% 1RM. For professionals, the highest force was achieved with a load of 80% 1RM, power at 50% 1RM, and RFD and RPD at 80% 1RM. Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed before and after each trial in force and RPD. The power did not statistically differ only after the load of 65% 1RM. In RFD, no statistically significant differences were found between the studied groups. Conclusions: Competitors with longer training experience should use a greater load in an activation exercise than competitors with shorter training experience.
{"title":"Effect of post-activation potentiation on the force, power and rate of power and force development of the upper limbs in mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters, taking into account training experience","authors":"Alan Langer, A. Ignatieva, P. Fischerova, Magdalena Nitychoruk, A. Gołaś, Adam Maszczak","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal load for generating the highest value of force, power and the rate of power and force development (RFD and RPD) in the upper limb of mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters with the use of activation and explosive exercises. The training period of MMA players was included in the research. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine MMA fighters participated in the study and were divided into two groups depending on the length of their training period (under and over 5 years). The subjects did 2 ballistic push-ups before the study and after-wards they performed 5 repetitions of press dumbbells while lying down with an increasing load: 50% 1RM, 65% 1RM and 80% 1RM. The rest was 4 minutes. All ballistic push-ups were performed on ForceDecks, and the data was analysed using the manufacturer’s software. To compare differences between the groups, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used. T-Student test was used to deter-mine the differences within the groups. Results: Amateurs obtained greater force and RPD results after the activation exercise performed at 50% 1RM, while power and RFD at 65% 1RM. For professionals, the highest force was achieved with a load of 80% 1RM, power at 50% 1RM, and RFD and RPD at 80% 1RM. Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed before and after each trial in force and RPD. The power did not statistically differ only after the load of 65% 1RM. In RFD, no statistically significant differences were found between the studied groups. Conclusions: Competitors with longer training experience should use a greater load in an activation exercise than competitors with shorter training experience.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90476194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to determine the mutual relation between various motor abilities and factors of sailing performance. Material and methods: 25 sailors from the Polish national team in sailing Olympic classes were asked to fill a questionnaire concerning the influence of various motor abilities and sailing performance factors on the result. In total, 5 sailors participated in the study by returning properly filled questionnaires. To determine the relationship between the motor abilities and sailing performance factors, the DEMATEL method has been utilized. Results: In terms of motor abilities, mobility is the most significant factor, and muscle strength is the most dominant factor in terms of cause, and quickness in terms of effect. In terms of sailing performance, mental fitness is the most significant factor, and tactical knowledge is the most dominant factor as an effect of sailing performance and knowledge of racing rules as a cause. Conclusions: In the group of factors of sailing performance, mental fitness and tactical knowledge are the most important. Therefore, there should be more focus on improving the training process of these two factors.
{"title":"Relationship between motor skills and various sailing skills and sports performance – study using the DEMATEL approach","authors":"Jedrzej Charlampowicz","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to determine the mutual relation between various motor abilities and factors of sailing performance. Material and methods: 25 sailors from the Polish national team in sailing Olympic classes were asked to fill a questionnaire concerning the influence of various motor abilities and sailing performance factors on the result. In total, 5 sailors participated in the study by returning properly filled questionnaires. To determine the relationship between the motor abilities and sailing performance factors, the DEMATEL method has been utilized. Results: In terms of motor abilities, mobility is the most significant factor, and muscle strength is the most dominant factor in terms of cause, and quickness in terms of effect. In terms of sailing performance, mental fitness is the most significant factor, and tactical knowledge is the most dominant factor as an effect of sailing performance and knowledge of racing rules as a cause. Conclusions: In the group of factors of sailing performance, mental fitness and tactical knowledge are the most important. Therefore, there should be more focus on improving the training process of these two factors.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83369746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Halz, Magdalena Kaszuba, Jonatan Helbin, Sara Krzysztofik, A. Suchanecka, A. Zając
Introduction. Previous studies have shown that several weeks of beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases anaerobic work capacity and decreases muscular fatigue, but limited research was conducted on elite martial arts athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic BA supplementation on high-intensity intermittent upper and lower-body performance in highly-trained judo athletes. Material and Methods: Sixteen elite judo athletes (21.8 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly assigned to receive either BA (4 g/d over the first 2 weeks and 6 g/d in the last 2 weeks) or placebo for 4 weeks. Before and after BA supplementation, the athletes completed two double 30-s upper and lower limb Wingate tests, separated by 3 min. Blood samples were collected for lactate and di-carbonate concentration at baseline and post-exercise. Results: BA supplementation improved Lower and Upper Limb Total Work (p < 0.001) and Upper Limb Mean Power (p < 0.001) during Wingate Test. However, there were no significant differences in Lower Limb Mean Power in the BA group and in any obtained results in the placebo group. Additionally, a significant increase in the postworkout lactate and di-carbonate concentration (p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusions: Chronic supplementation of BA effectively enhances high-intensity intermittent upper and lower-body performance in highly-trained judo athletes.
{"title":"Beta-alanine supplementation and anaerobic performance in highly trained judo athletes","authors":"Mateusz Halz, Magdalena Kaszuba, Jonatan Helbin, Sara Krzysztofik, A. Suchanecka, A. Zając","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.14.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Previous studies have shown that several weeks of beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases anaerobic work capacity and decreases muscular fatigue, but limited research was conducted on elite martial arts athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic BA supplementation on high-intensity intermittent upper and lower-body performance in highly-trained judo athletes. Material and Methods: Sixteen elite judo athletes (21.8 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly assigned to receive either BA (4 g/d over the first 2 weeks and 6 g/d in the last 2 weeks) or placebo for 4 weeks. Before and after BA supplementation, the athletes completed two double 30-s upper and lower limb Wingate tests, separated by 3 min. Blood samples were collected for lactate and di-carbonate concentration at baseline and post-exercise. Results: BA supplementation improved Lower and Upper Limb Total Work (p < 0.001) and Upper Limb Mean Power (p < 0.001) during Wingate Test. However, there were no significant differences in Lower Limb Mean Power in the BA group and in any obtained results in the placebo group. Additionally, a significant increase in the postworkout lactate and di-carbonate concentration (p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusions: Chronic supplementation of BA effectively enhances high-intensity intermittent upper and lower-body performance in highly-trained judo athletes.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84686780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantinos Spyrou, Tomás T. Freitas, E. Marín-Cascales, Rubén Herrero-Carrasco, P. Alcaraz
Background: This study aimed to compare the worst-case scenarios (WCS) between official (OFF) and non-official (Non-OFF) matches, in different time-periods in an elite futsal team. Material and methods: Twenty-six games were divided into OFF (n = 13) and Non-OFF (n = 13). The WCS were calculated using: two methods, rolling averages (ROLL) and fixed-periods (FIX); four-length epochs (30-s, 1-, 3-, and 5-min); and player load per minute (PL·min-1). Results: Considering ROLL, significant and small differences were found in PL·min-1, with higher intensity in 30-s (p = 0.001; ES = -0.53) and 1-min (p = 0.001; ES = -0.47) in OFF when compared to Non-OFF, but non-significant and small to trivial changes in 3-min (p = 0.060; ES = -0.23) and 5-min (p = 0.605; ES = -0.06) were observed. Regarding FIX, significant and small changes were obtained, with higher intensity in OFF in all time-periods when compared to Non-OFF. Significant differences were found between the two methods (ROLL vs FIX) in 30-s, 1- and 3-min, but not in 5-min. Significant differences, with lower PL·min-1, were observed with increasing time-windows from both methods (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In summary, OFF matches present higher WCS than Non-OFF ones when considering short time-periods, and the FIX method could underestimate the “actual intensity” of the match compared to ROLL.
{"title":"Differences between official and non-official matches in worst-case scenarios in elite futsal players","authors":"Konstantinos Spyrou, Tomás T. Freitas, E. Marín-Cascales, Rubén Herrero-Carrasco, P. Alcaraz","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.13.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.13.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to compare the worst-case scenarios (WCS) between official (OFF) and non-official (Non-OFF) matches, in different time-periods in an elite futsal team. Material and methods: Twenty-six games were divided into OFF (n = 13) and Non-OFF (n = 13). The WCS were calculated using: two methods, rolling averages (ROLL) and fixed-periods (FIX); four-length epochs (30-s, 1-, 3-, and 5-min); and player load per minute (PL·min-1). Results: Considering ROLL, significant and small differences were found in PL·min-1, with higher intensity in 30-s (p = 0.001; ES = -0.53) and 1-min (p = 0.001; ES = -0.47) in OFF when compared to Non-OFF, but non-significant and small to trivial changes in 3-min (p = 0.060; ES = -0.23) and 5-min (p = 0.605; ES = -0.06) were observed. Regarding FIX, significant and small changes were obtained, with higher intensity in OFF in all time-periods when compared to Non-OFF. Significant differences were found between the two methods (ROLL vs FIX) in 30-s, 1- and 3-min, but not in 5-min. Significant differences, with lower PL·min-1, were observed with increasing time-windows from both methods (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In summary, OFF matches present higher WCS than Non-OFF ones when considering short time-periods, and the FIX method could underestimate the “actual intensity” of the match compared to ROLL.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85098352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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