Introduction: The aim of this research was to examine the relationships of four perceived teaching styles (i.e., autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos) of physical education (PE) teachers with students’ satisfaction of psychological needs as well as autonomous and controlled motivation towards physical activity in PE and leisure time context. Materials and Methods: 320 students (166 boys and 154 girls) aged from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.13, SD = 1.6) participated in the study. In this cross-sectional study, participants filled in a questionnaire of study variables. A variance-based structural equation model was employed to test the study hypotheses. Results: Autonomy support is indirectly related to students’ autonomous motivation towards physical activity in leisure time via satisfaction of a psychological need and autonomous motivation for PE (β = 0.18, p < 0.01). Structuring the teaching style is indirectly related to students’ autonomous motivation towards physical activity in leisure time via satisfaction of a psychological need and autonomous motivation for PE (β = 0.21, p < 0.01). Conclusions: When a PE teacher employs an autonomy-supportive and structuring teaching style, it is likely to satisfy students’ psychological needs and increase autonomous motivation towards physical activity in PE, which, in turn, may enhance autonomous motivation towards physical activity during leisure time.
{"title":"The role of teachers (de-)motivational styles on students’ autonomous motivation in physical education and leisure time","authors":"Henri Tilga, Kaija Vahtra, A. Koka","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this research was to examine the relationships of four perceived teaching styles (i.e., autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos) of physical education (PE) teachers with students’ satisfaction of psychological needs as well as autonomous and controlled motivation towards physical activity in PE and leisure time context. Materials and Methods: 320 students (166 boys and 154 girls) aged from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.13, SD = 1.6) participated in the study. In this cross-sectional study, participants filled in a questionnaire of study variables. A variance-based structural equation model was employed to test the study hypotheses. Results: Autonomy support is indirectly related to students’ autonomous motivation towards physical activity in leisure time via satisfaction of a psychological need and autonomous motivation for PE (β = 0.18, p < 0.01). Structuring the teaching style is indirectly related to students’ autonomous motivation towards physical activity in leisure time via satisfaction of a psychological need and autonomous motivation for PE (β = 0.21, p < 0.01). Conclusions: When a PE teacher employs an autonomy-supportive and structuring teaching style, it is likely to satisfy students’ psychological needs and increase autonomous motivation towards physical activity in PE, which, in turn, may enhance autonomous motivation towards physical activity during leisure time.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The present study aims to compare the effects of massage, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination methods on symptoms of depression. Materials and Methods: According to the research criteria, 60 available samples were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups and single control one. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed by the examinees before the intervention, two months after its beginning and one month after ending. Each experimental group received one of the massage interventions, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination for eight weeks, three sessions per week and for a period of 40 minutes per session. The data were analyzed using 4 (group) × 3 (measurement) factorial analysis of variance method (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test was employed to compare the intragroup differences in the measurement steps and intergroup ones. The significance level of alpha was considered to be 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of depression within the three experimental groups of massage (0.001), yoga (0.00) and combination (0.00). There was also a significant difference between the four groups in the depression variable (0.001). But the combined exercise program of massage and yoga had the most effect in improving the symptoms of depression. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that all three methods of massage intervention, selected yoga exercises and the combination of massage and yoga led to the improvement of depression symptom. However, there was a significant difference between the three approaches and the massage-yoga combinative exercise program was found to have the greatest effect on functioning of people with depression.
简介本研究旨在比较按摩、特定瑜伽练习和按摩瑜伽组合方法对抑郁症状的影响。材料与方法：根据研究标准，选取 60 个可用样本，随机分为三个实验组和一个对照组。受试者分别在干预前、干预开始两个月后和干预结束一个月后完成贝克抑郁量表。每个实验组接受按摩干预、选定瑜伽练习和按摩瑜伽组合中的一种，为期八周，每周三次，每次 40 分钟。数据采用 4（组）×3（测量）因子方差分析法（ANOVA）进行分析，并采用 Bonferroni post hoc 检验比较测量步骤的组内差异和组间差异。α显著性水平为 0.05。结果显示结果显示，按摩组（0.001）、瑜伽组（0.00）和综合组（0.00）三个实验组的抑郁程度存在显著差异。四组之间在抑郁变量上也有显著差异（0.001）。但按摩和瑜伽组合运动项目对改善抑郁症状的效果最好。结论研究结果表明，按摩干预、精选瑜伽练习和按摩与瑜伽相结合这三种方法都能改善抑郁症状。然而，三种方法之间存在显著差异，按摩-瑜伽组合运动项目对抑郁症患者的功能影响最大。
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of the three methods of massage, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination on the depression in elderly women","authors":"Elham Piri, Behnam Ghasemi, A. Shafizadeh","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aims to compare the effects of massage, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination methods on symptoms of depression. Materials and Methods: According to the research criteria, 60 available samples were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups and single control one. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed by the examinees before the intervention, two months after its beginning and one month after ending. Each experimental group received one of the massage interventions, selected yoga exercises and massage-yoga combination for eight weeks, three sessions per week and for a period of 40 minutes per session. The data were analyzed using 4 (group) × 3 (measurement) factorial analysis of variance method (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test was employed to compare the intragroup differences in the measurement steps and intergroup ones. The significance level of alpha was considered to be 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of depression within the three experimental groups of massage (0.001), yoga (0.00) and combination (0.00). There was also a significant difference between the four groups in the depression variable (0.001). But the combined exercise program of massage and yoga had the most effect in improving the symptoms of depression. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that all three methods of massage intervention, selected yoga exercises and the combination of massage and yoga led to the improvement of depression symptom. However, there was a significant difference between the three approaches and the massage-yoga combinative exercise program was found to have the greatest effect on functioning of people with depression.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Range of motion (ROM) of resistance exercise affects the muscle damage magnitude and the recovery-time course. Thus, the main aim of this study was to compare conventional and extended ROM in the bench press exercise on neuromuscular fatigue assessed by velocity changes during bench press throw, as well on the exercise-induced muscle damage evaluated by creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood. Material and Methods: A total of fourteen healthy, well-trained males performed 5 sets of the bench press exercise at 70% of one repetition maximum with either standard (STD) and cambered (CMB) barbell until reaching volitional failure. CK and barbell velocity changes were assessed at the baseline and 1h, 24h, 48h post exercise protocol. Results: The results showed that higher peak barbell velocity was reached during the bench press throw after the CMB when compared to the STD condition. Moreover, CK activity showed an overall significant growing trend from baseline to time points following exercise during the STD, whereas the CMB post-48h CK was higher in comparison to pre and post, but not than post-24h. Conclusion: the bench press exercise performed with the use of CMB barbell might not require a specific training approach, and even higher training frequency might be applied.
{"title":"Extended range of motion does not induce greater muscle damage than conventional range of motion in the bench press exercise","authors":"Patryk Matykiewicz, M. Krzysztofik, A. Zając","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Range of motion (ROM) of resistance exercise affects the muscle damage magnitude and the recovery-time course. Thus, the main aim of this study was to compare conventional and extended ROM in the bench press exercise on neuromuscular fatigue assessed by velocity changes during bench press throw, as well on the exercise-induced muscle damage evaluated by creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood. Material and Methods: A total of fourteen healthy, well-trained males performed 5 sets of the bench press exercise at 70% of one repetition maximum with either standard (STD) and cambered (CMB) barbell until reaching volitional failure. CK and barbell velocity changes were assessed at the baseline and 1h, 24h, 48h post exercise protocol. Results: The results showed that higher peak barbell velocity was reached during the bench press throw after the CMB when compared to the STD condition. Moreover, CK activity showed an overall significant growing trend from baseline to time points following exercise during the STD, whereas the CMB post-48h CK was higher in comparison to pre and post, but not than post-24h. Conclusion: the bench press exercise performed with the use of CMB barbell might not require a specific training approach, and even higher training frequency might be applied.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study, based on the self-determination theory (SDT) by Deci and Ryan (1985), investigates the motivation among outdoor life students at universities and colleges in Norway. It also examines how students score on basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and their frequency of engagement in outdoor activities. The significance of the nature experience and the activity itself for the outdoor life students were analyzed, along with the extent to which the SDT can explain these two variables. Material and methods: The participants completed two standardized questionnaires. Results: The results showed a high degree of internal motivation and the most autonomous forms of external motivation, in addition to a high score on basic psychological needs. The students state that both nature experience and activity are important to them, with the former being the most important. Conclusions: The most active students in outdoor activities state that competence is an important basic psychological need. The importance of natural experience is mainly explained by a high score on self-determination as a psychological need, in addition to a high score on the most autonomous external motive: integrated regulation. Internal motivation is the main explanation for the importance of the activity for students.
{"title":"Self-determination theory as a possible explanation for the motivation of Norwegian outdoor life students","authors":"Arne Martin Jakobsen","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study, based on the self-determination theory (SDT) by Deci and Ryan (1985), investigates the motivation among outdoor life students at universities and colleges in Norway. It also examines how students score on basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and their frequency of engagement in outdoor activities. The significance of the nature experience and the activity itself for the outdoor life students were analyzed, along with the extent to which the SDT can explain these two variables. Material and methods: The participants completed two standardized questionnaires. Results: The results showed a high degree of internal motivation and the most autonomous forms of external motivation, in addition to a high score on basic psychological needs. The students state that both nature experience and activity are important to them, with the former being the most important. Conclusions: The most active students in outdoor activities state that competence is an important basic psychological need. The importance of natural experience is mainly explained by a high score on self-determination as a psychological need, in addition to a high score on the most autonomous external motive: integrated regulation. Internal motivation is the main explanation for the importance of the activity for students.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Carlos Jaenes, David Alarcon Rubio, María Jose Arenilla-Villalba, Dominika Wilczynska
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the mental condition of aquatic athletes during COVID-19 lockdowns and identify factors that could predict changes in their emotions and mood disturbances. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 506 competitive swimmers (ages 15-36) in four aquatic specializations, with 82.4% competing at the national level. Data was collected through questionnaires between April 10th and May 1st, 2020. Results: Female athletes had higher levels of unpleasant mood states and were generally more vulnerable to the lockdown's harmful effects. Team athletes had higher levels of friendliness, which may be a coping strategy for difficult situations. Training conditions played a significant role in mental health, with athletes who trained more having fewer mood disturbances. Lack of training negatively impacted fitness and mental health. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of providing support to athletes during pandemics and reducing stigmatization around seeking psychological support.
{"title":"The impact of home confinement by COVID-19 on mood state and adaptive behaviors in Spanish swimmers","authors":"Jose Carlos Jaenes, David Alarcon Rubio, María Jose Arenilla-Villalba, Dominika Wilczynska","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to assess the mental condition of aquatic athletes during COVID-19 lockdowns and identify factors that could predict changes in their emotions and mood disturbances. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 506 competitive swimmers (ages 15-36) in four aquatic specializations, with 82.4% competing at the national level. Data was collected through questionnaires between April 10th and May 1st, 2020. Results: Female athletes had higher levels of unpleasant mood states and were generally more vulnerable to the lockdown's harmful effects. Team athletes had higher levels of friendliness, which may be a coping strategy for difficult situations. Training conditions played a significant role in mental health, with athletes who trained more having fewer mood disturbances. Lack of training negatively impacted fitness and mental health. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of providing support to athletes during pandemics and reducing stigmatization around seeking psychological support.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Impairment of the functions of the upper limb and hand is a major problem in stroke patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate various therapies in terms of their influence on changes in the activity of the affected, dominant, and non-dominant upper limb in patients after ischemic stroke. Material/Methods: This is a randomized, double-blinded study. The research was carried out in a rehabilitation clinic on a group of 60 stroke patients who were randomly assigned to groups differing in the rehabilitation program. The study group had physiotherapy based on the NDT Bobath concept and the control group used classic exercises. The importance of the trunk for the upper limb coordination was assessed on the Armeo®Spring device using three evaluation programs: “vertical fishing”; “horizontal fishing”; “reaction time” and two proprietary tests: “wall” and “abacus”. Results: Post-treatment analysis showed significantly better results in the study group (dominant limb). There was an improvement in the grip ability – the abacus test (p = 0.023), an increase in the mobility of the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane – the wall test (p = 0.002), and an increase in the speed of movements in the transverse plane – vertical fishing – time (p = 0.001). The functional improvement of the dominant limb is also evidenced by a significant difference in the reaction time – task performance test [%] (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Physio-therapy, in accordance with the NDT Bobath concept, aimed at improving trunk stability has a significant impact on increasing the mobility, speed of movement, and reaction time in the shoulder joint, and improves the handgrip ability of the affected dominant upper limb.
{"title":"The level of functionality of the affected upper limb in stroke patients depends on the type of therapy used and the lateralization of the subjects’ body – A randomized observational study","authors":"Anna Olczak, Marcin Dornowski","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Impairment of the functions of the upper limb and hand is a major problem in stroke patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate various therapies in terms of their influence on changes in the activity of the affected, dominant, and non-dominant upper limb in patients after ischemic stroke. Material/Methods: This is a randomized, double-blinded study. The research was carried out in a rehabilitation clinic on a group of 60 stroke patients who were randomly assigned to groups differing in the rehabilitation program. The study group had physiotherapy based on the NDT Bobath concept and the control group used classic exercises. The importance of the trunk for the upper limb coordination was assessed on the Armeo®Spring device using three evaluation programs: “vertical fishing”; “horizontal fishing”; “reaction time” and two proprietary tests: “wall” and “abacus”. Results: Post-treatment analysis showed significantly better results in the study group (dominant limb). There was an improvement in the grip ability – the abacus test (p = 0.023), an increase in the mobility of the shoulder joint in the sagittal plane – the wall test (p = 0.002), and an increase in the speed of movements in the transverse plane – vertical fishing – time (p = 0.001). The functional improvement of the dominant limb is also evidenced by a significant difference in the reaction time – task performance test [%] (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Physio-therapy, in accordance with the NDT Bobath concept, aimed at improving trunk stability has a significant impact on increasing the mobility, speed of movement, and reaction time in the shoulder joint, and improves the handgrip ability of the affected dominant upper limb.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136276455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: To perform a technical action, the elite judo athlete examines the direction of attack relative to the opponent's body position. This study aimed to analyze and compare the most frequent and effective attack directions carried out by male Olympic medalists. Materials and Methods: A sample of 112 male medalists performed 3,664 attacks in four Olympic tournaments (2004–2016). ANOVA (one factor) determined inter and intra-Olympic comparisons, followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test (p< 0.05). Eta squared η2 and Cohen's d calculated the effect size, respectively. Results: Olympic medalists oriented their attacks principally in right forward (30.5±11.3%), left forward (29.9±10.5%), left backward (18.8±8.1%), and right backward (15.8±6.1%). The effectiveness of right forward (25.7±13.1%) and left forward (26.2±12.5%) dominates left backward (20.5±10.1%) and right backward (15.5±9.7%), respectively. In terms of frequencies and effectiveness, the contribution of secondary directions is negligible. Conclusions: Attacking in eight orientations made the defense vulnerable. Beside the uncertainty and unpredictability, they created more points of imbalance to overcome defensive issues.
{"title":"Directions of attack and their effectiveness of male judo medalists at the Olympic competitions","authors":"Amar Ait Ali Yahia","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To perform a technical action, the elite judo athlete examines the direction of attack relative to the opponent's body position. This study aimed to analyze and compare the most frequent and effective attack directions carried out by male Olympic medalists. Materials and Methods: A sample of 112 male medalists performed 3,664 attacks in four Olympic tournaments (2004–2016). ANOVA (one factor) determined inter and intra-Olympic comparisons, followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test (p< 0.05). Eta squared η2 and Cohen's d calculated the effect size, respectively. Results: Olympic medalists oriented their attacks principally in right forward (30.5±11.3%), left forward (29.9±10.5%), left backward (18.8±8.1%), and right backward (15.8±6.1%). The effectiveness of right forward (25.7±13.1%) and left forward (26.2±12.5%) dominates left backward (20.5±10.1%) and right backward (15.5±9.7%), respectively. In terms of frequencies and effectiveness, the contribution of secondary directions is negligible. Conclusions: Attacking in eight orientations made the defense vulnerable. Beside the uncertainty and unpredictability, they created more points of imbalance to overcome defensive issues.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Chamera, Magdalena Pronczuk, Piotr Smok, Milosz Drozd, Malgorzata Michalczyk, Adam Maszczyk
Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 6-week intervention of combined soccer training with resistance training on strength and power variables in highly trained female soccer players. It was hypothesized that 6 weeks is sufficient for a significant improvement in jumping ability and power to occur due to the intervention. The study involved 34 female soccer players of the top women’s league (22 ± 5 years old, body height 167 ± 5 cm, body weight 60 ± 8 kg). The players were divided into two groups of 17 participants. The control group performed 3 soccer and 1 strength training sessions (50–60% 1RM load) weekly. The experimental group performed 3 soccer and 2 resistance training sessions during a weekly micro-cycle (50–85% 1RM load). The results of the experiment indicate a significant improvement in vertical jump height and sitting leg press performance in the experimental group: CMJ (p < 0.05; p = 0.000029; ES:1.00;11%), CMJA (p < 0.05; p = 0.003; ES = 1.09;13%) and LP (p < 0.05; p = 0.027681; ES = 0.48;6%), while in the control group changes in results after completing the training program were statistically insignificant for CMJ (p > 0.05, p = 0.274000, ES:0.07,1%), CMJA (p > 0.05, p = 0.350958, ES = 0.27;3%) and LP (p > 0, 05; p = 0.130153; ES = 0.27;4%). The presented results suggest that a short, six-week resistance training program, specific soccer training and strength training carried out twice a week during the preparatory period may significantly improve the strength and jumping variables of the lower limbs in female soccer players.
{"title":"The effects of resistance training on jumping and selected power variables of the lower limbs in female soccer players","authors":"Tomasz Chamera, Magdalena Pronczuk, Piotr Smok, Milosz Drozd, Malgorzata Michalczyk, Adam Maszczyk","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a 6-week intervention of combined soccer training with resistance training on strength and power variables in highly trained female soccer players. It was hypothesized that 6 weeks is sufficient for a significant improvement in jumping ability and power to occur due to the intervention. The study involved 34 female soccer players of the top women’s league (22 ± 5 years old, body height 167 ± 5 cm, body weight 60 ± 8 kg). The players were divided into two groups of 17 participants. The control group performed 3 soccer and 1 strength training sessions (50–60% 1RM load) weekly. The experimental group performed 3 soccer and 2 resistance training sessions during a weekly micro-cycle (50–85% 1RM load). The results of the experiment indicate a significant improvement in vertical jump height and sitting leg press performance in the experimental group: CMJ (p < 0.05; p = 0.000029; ES:1.00;11%), CMJA (p < 0.05; p = 0.003; ES = 1.09;13%) and LP (p < 0.05; p = 0.027681; ES = 0.48;6%), while in the control group changes in results after completing the training program were statistically insignificant for CMJ (p > 0.05, p = 0.274000, ES:0.07,1%), CMJA (p > 0.05, p = 0.350958, ES = 0.27;3%) and LP (p > 0, 05; p = 0.130153; ES = 0.27;4%). The presented results suggest that a short, six-week resistance training program, specific soccer training and strength training carried out twice a week during the preparatory period may significantly improve the strength and jumping variables of the lower limbs in female soccer players.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Psychological states during competition seem to be an important factor to determine successful performance. Therefore, the analysis of emotions is essential to understand how emotions can support sports performance. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies examining the influence of emotional states on dancesport (DS) performance and the use of mental techniques to improve psychological preparation to face the competition. Material and methods. Web of Science, Scholar, Scopus and Pubmed databases were used to search studies. The screening process was summarized within the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. Results. Only 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that anxiety was the most common pre-competition emotional state of high-level DS athletes, followed by stress, arousal, concentration and self-confidence. The mental techniques of psychological preparation were mental contrasting, self-talk, bio/neurofeedback, the nine-step connection model and Cantón's Giraffe model. Emotional states can affect DS performance both positively and negatively; therefore, it is important to monitor these factors in order to improve one’s performance. Several mental techniques can be used to improve the athlete psychological states. Conclusion. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of these parameters on DS performance, especially in mid-low-level athletes.
比赛中的心理状态似乎是决定成功表现的重要因素。因此，情绪分析对于理解情绪如何支持运动表现至关重要。本系统综述旨在总结情绪状态对体育舞蹈(DS)表现影响的研究，以及运用心理技巧来提高面对比赛的心理准备。材料和方法。使用Web of Science、Scholar、Scopus和Pubmed数据库检索研究。筛选过程在PRISMA 2020流程图中进行了总结。结果。只有9篇文章符合我们的纳入标准。结果表明:高水平体育运动员赛前最常见的情绪状态是焦虑，其次是紧张、兴奋、注意力集中和自信。心理准备的心理技巧有心理对比、自我对话、生物/神经反馈、九步连接模型和Cantón的长颈鹿模型。情绪状态对DS表现有积极和消极的影响;因此，为了提高一个人的表现，监测这些因素是很重要的。一些心理技巧可以用来改善运动员的心理状态。结论。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这些参数对DS表现的影响，特别是在中低水平运动员中。
{"title":"The role of emotional states and mental techniques in dancesport: A systematic review","authors":"Sara Aliberti, Gaetano Raiola, Domenico Cherubini","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psychological states during competition seem to be an important factor to determine successful performance. Therefore, the analysis of emotions is essential to understand how emotions can support sports performance. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies examining the influence of emotional states on dancesport (DS) performance and the use of mental techniques to improve psychological preparation to face the competition. Material and methods. Web of Science, Scholar, Scopus and Pubmed databases were used to search studies. The screening process was summarized within the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. Results. Only 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that anxiety was the most common pre-competition emotional state of high-level DS athletes, followed by stress, arousal, concentration and self-confidence. The mental techniques of psychological preparation were mental contrasting, self-talk, bio/neurofeedback, the nine-step connection model and Cantón's Giraffe model. Emotional states can affect DS performance both positively and negatively; therefore, it is important to monitor these factors in order to improve one’s performance. Several mental techniques can be used to improve the athlete psychological states. Conclusion. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of these parameters on DS performance, especially in mid-low-level athletes.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulina Krolikowska, Artur Golas, Petr Stastny, Jakub Kokstejn, Wojciech Grzyb, Michal Krszysztofik
Introduction: The hip muscle strength plays an important role in sprinting and non-contact in-juries, where their role in soccer players needs to be recognized. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the strength of hip abductor (Abd), hip adductor (Add) and linear sprint performance (5 m and 35 m). Sixteen professional soccer players (Second Polish League) participated in the study (age = 24 ± 3.2 years, body mass = 75.3 ± 9.58 kg, height = 179 ± 5.6 cm, soccer training experience = 8 ± 2.9 years). 5 m and 3 m linear sprint performance was described by: peak acceleration, peak velocity (PV), relative peak force (PF), and relative peak power output. Hip Abd and Add strength was tested by maximum isometric tests on both lower limbs. T-tests revealed statistically significant differences between strength of right and left Add and Abd, (p < 0.001, for both). Stepwise regression showed that the model of hip Abd, Add and their ratio predict the PV (R2 = 37%) and PP (R2 = 36%) in 35 m sprint, and hip Abd with Abd/Add ratio can predict PF (R2 = 16%) and acceleration (R2 = 14%) in 5 m sprint. Results of the present study indicate that Abd-Add maximum isometric strength and 5 m, as well as 35 m sprint running, are related athletic performance qualities. Moreover, hip Abd and Add are typical for strength bilateral strength imbalances. Therefore, the evaluation and development of these qualities are essential for coaches to monitor and prescribe adequate training regimens.
{"title":"Abductor and adductor strength relation to sprint performance in soccer players","authors":"Paulina Krolikowska, Artur Golas, Petr Stastny, Jakub Kokstejn, Wojciech Grzyb, Michal Krszysztofik","doi":"10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.15.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The hip muscle strength plays an important role in sprinting and non-contact in-juries, where their role in soccer players needs to be recognized. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the strength of hip abductor (Abd), hip adductor (Add) and linear sprint performance (5 m and 35 m). Sixteen professional soccer players (Second Polish League) participated in the study (age = 24 ± 3.2 years, body mass = 75.3 ± 9.58 kg, height = 179 ± 5.6 cm, soccer training experience = 8 ± 2.9 years). 5 m and 3 m linear sprint performance was described by: peak acceleration, peak velocity (PV), relative peak force (PF), and relative peak power output. Hip Abd and Add strength was tested by maximum isometric tests on both lower limbs. T-tests revealed statistically significant differences between strength of right and left Add and Abd, (p < 0.001, for both). Stepwise regression showed that the model of hip Abd, Add and their ratio predict the PV (R2 = 37%) and PP (R2 = 36%) in 35 m sprint, and hip Abd with Abd/Add ratio can predict PF (R2 = 16%) and acceleration (R2 = 14%) in 5 m sprint. Results of the present study indicate that Abd-Add maximum isometric strength and 5 m, as well as 35 m sprint running, are related athletic performance qualities. Moreover, hip Abd and Add are typical for strength bilateral strength imbalances. Therefore, the evaluation and development of these qualities are essential for coaches to monitor and prescribe adequate training regimens.","PeriodicalId":43798,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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