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Les ouvrages du GN-MEBA GN-MEBA的工作
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019014
F. Brisset
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引用次数: 0
Physical and mechanical studies on binary blended Portland cements containing mordenite-rich tuff and limestone filler 含富丝光沸石凝灰岩和石灰石填料的二元混合硅酸盐水泥的物理力学研究
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019021
M. Meziani, N. Leklou, O. Amiri, N. Chelouah
In this research, we made physical and mechanical analyses thanks to which we deduced that the potential of replacing the Portland cement up to 20% by modernite-rich tuff (TM) and limestone filler (LF). The experimental procedure was done in two main stages. The first stage was dedicated to the pastes, including water requirement, setting time, hydration heat and free Ca(OH)2 content. In the second stage, mechanical and physical properties of mortars, water porosity and pore size distribution were studied. The final results show that LF mixtures closest to the control mixtures unlike the MT mixtures which exhibited a high water demand, less free Ca(OH)2, rapid appearance of the maximum thermal effect, an increase in the total and water accessible porosity, there is also a delay in improving of strength.
在这项研究中,我们进行了物理和力学分析,由此推断出富现代凝灰岩(TM)和石灰石填料(LF)替代波特兰水泥的潜力高达20%。实验过程分为两个主要阶段。第一阶段主要研究膏体的需水量、凝结时间、水化热和游离Ca(OH)2含量。第二阶段对砂浆的力学物理性能、孔隙率和孔径分布进行了研究。结果表明:与MT混合料不同,LF混合料具有较高的需水量、较少的游离Ca(OH)2、快速出现最大热效应、总孔隙率和水可达孔隙率增加、强度提高滞后等特点。
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引用次数: 3
Durabilité des bétons des réseaux d’assainissement urbain 城市污水系统混凝土的可持续性
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019017
Mehena Oualit, Y. Mélinge, R. Jauberthie, M. Abadlia
Technologiquement, le réseau d’assainissement à base cimentaire est de constitutions diverses et la mise en œuvre de matériaux de plus en plus performants contribue à une meilleure durabilité. Or, si aujourd’hui, il est aisé d’identifier des états de référence, quant aux propriétés des matériaux et des ouvrages tant sur le plan physique, chimique, mécanique…, la mise en évidence de ces états de références s’avère délicate pour les structures et formulations anciennes. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la durabilité des réseaux d’assainissement de la ville de Rennes (France) constitués de conduites à base cimentaire. Des données relatives aux caractéristiques des conduites ont été collectées (type du réseau, diamètre, épaisseur, date de mise en place…) pour chaque tronçon étudié. En plus de la qualité apparente des prélèvements, des essais de caractérisation ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes cylindriques carottées tels que la masse volumique, la porosité et la résistance ultime en compression. Les résultats des analyses sont recensés et discutés et des corrélations sont établies pour expliquer l’évolution des propriétés des matériaux et évaluer la cinétique d’altération. Cette investigation est réalisée dans l’optique de pouvoir envisager les opérations de maintenance dans une logique de prévention et non consécutive à un accident.
从技术上讲,水泥基排水系统具有多种结构,使用越来越高效的材料有助于提高耐久性。虽然今天很容易识别材料和结构的物理、化学和机械性质的参考状态,但对于旧的结构和配方来说,识别这些参考状态是困难的。本文的目的是研究法国雷恩市由水泥基管道组成的污水系统的可持续性。收集了与管道特性有关的数据(网络类型、直径、厚度、安装日期等)。除了样品的表观质量外,还对取心圆柱形试样进行了密度、孔隙度和极限抗压强度等表征测试。对分析结果进行了记录和讨论,并建立了相关性,以解释材料性能的演变和评价蚀变动力学。进行这项调查的目的是为了能够从预防的角度来考虑维修操作,而不是在事故发生后。
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引用次数: 0
Image compression of surface defects of the hot-rolled steel strip using Principal Component Analysis 基于主成分分析的热轧带钢表面缺陷图像压缩
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019012
A. boudiaf, K. Boubendira, K. Harrar, A. Saadoune, H. Ghodbane, Amine Dahane, Oussama Messai
The quality control of steel products by human vision remains tedious, fatiguing, somewhat fast, rather robust, sketchy, dangerous or impossible. For these reasons, the use of the artificial vision in the world of quality control has become more than necessary. However, these images are often large in terms of quantity and size, which becomes a problem in quality control centers, where engineers are unable to store these images. For this, efficient compression techniques are necessary for archiving and transmitting the images. The reduction in file size allows more images to be stored in a disk or memory space. The present paper proposes an effective technique for redundancy extraction using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach. Furthermore, it aims to study the effects of the number of eigenvectors employed in the PCA compression technique on the quality of the compressed image. The results revealed that using only 25% of the eigenvectors provide very similar compressed images compared to the original ones, in terms of quality. These images are characterized by high compression ratios and a small storage space.
人类视觉对钢铁产品的质量控制仍然是乏味的、令人疲惫的、有点快的、相当稳健的、粗略的、危险的或不可能的。由于这些原因,人工视觉在质量控制领域的应用变得非常必要。然而,这些图像在数量和大小方面往往很大,这在质量控制中心成为了一个问题,因为工程师无法存储这些图像。为此,高效的压缩技术对于存档和传输图像是必要的。文件大小的减小允许在磁盘或内存空间中存储更多的图像。本文提出了一种利用主成分分析(PCA)方法进行冗余提取的有效技术。此外,它旨在研究PCA压缩技术中使用的特征向量数量对压缩图像质量的影响。结果表明,在质量方面,与原始图像相比,仅使用25%的特征向量可以提供非常相似的压缩图像。这些图像的特征在于高压缩比和小存储空间。
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引用次数: 3
Impact of heavy metals on human toxicity using LCA: The case study of Walloon corn 重金属对人体毒性的LCA研究——以瓦隆玉米为例
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019010
Saïcha Gerbinet, F. V. Stappen, Sandra Belboom, Eric Pezennec, Angélique Léonard
This paper focuses on potential errors when assessing the human toxicity of corn farming in Wallonia, Belgium. The USEtox method is applied to the farming of 1 hectare of corn. Local data are used for farming data and GaBi datasets for background data. Field emissions due to farming are calculated by the most prevailing models. The results in human toxicity, cancer effect, underline the large contribution of chromium (Cr) emissions. But when characterizing fertilizer composition, only the total chromium is measured and therefore unspecified chromium is used as emissions. However, it is known that chromium in the natural environment is mostly the non-toxic form Cr (III), which would greatly decrease the impact as the characterization factor for unspecified chromium is, in USEtox, the average of Cr (III) and the toxic form Cr (VI). The impact for human toxicity, non-cancer effect is mostly related to zinc emissions even if zinc is relatively harmless. The impact of pesticides is negligible in both cases. These results show that caution must be taken when examining/interpreting toxicity categories.
本文重点讨论了在比利时瓦隆尼亚评估玉米种植对人体毒性时的潜在误差。USEtox方法应用于1 公顷玉米。本地数据用于农业数据,GaBi数据集用于背景数据。农业产生的田间排放量是用最普遍的模型计算的。人类毒性的结果,癌症效应,强调了铬(Cr)排放的巨大贡献。但在表征肥料成分时,只测量总铬,因此使用未指明的铬作为排放物。然而,众所周知,自然环境中的铬大多是无毒形式的Cr(III),这将大大降低影响,因为在USEtox中,未指明铬的特征因子是Cr(III)和有毒形式Cr(VI)的平均值。对人体毒性的影响,非致癌效应主要与锌的排放有关,即使锌相对无害。在这两种情况下,杀虫剂的影响都可以忽略不计。这些结果表明,在检查/解释毒性类别时必须谨慎。
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引用次数: 3
Manufacture of die and their designing parameters for sintered AMC product 烧结AMC产品模具的制造及其设计参数
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2020009
R. Behera, B. P. Samal, S. C. Panigrahi
The main goal in the advancement of composites with an aluminum metal matrix is to provide high performance and better mechanical properties from the currently available materials. Aluminium metal composite (AMC) can be researched and used in many industrial applications, such as manufacturing, aerospace, defense, pipelines and the automotive industry. The production of AMC is only possible with help of a suitable die in solid route of powder metallurgy process. Thus, the design of die is most important step in the process of powder metallurgy. The shape, size and design of the die directly influence the final AMC product. A number of steps and considerations like stress concentration and the propagation of cracks should be made for designing the die before its manufacture. The present work is made to attempt the fabrication and design of a cold compaction die with EN 10083 steel used for powder metallurgy process.
发展铝金属基复合材料的主要目标是在现有材料中提供高性能和更好的机械性能。铝金属复合材料(AMC)可以研究和应用于许多工业应用,如制造业,航空航天,国防,管道和汽车工业。在粉末冶金工艺的固体路线中,只有在合适的模具的帮助下才能生产AMC。因此,模具的设计是粉末冶金过程中最重要的一步。模具的形状、尺寸和设计直接影响到最终的AMC产品。在模具制造之前,应该对模具的设计进行一些步骤和考虑,如应力集中和裂纹的扩展。本文对粉末冶金用en10083钢冷压模的制作和设计进行了尝试。
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引用次数: 4
Influence de la substitution d’argile par des déchets sédimentaires dans des briques en terre crue comprimée (BTCC) sur la résistance à l’abrasion 压缩生土砖(BTCC)中沉积废物替代粘土对耐磨性的影响
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019018
S. Guéret, Gwenaël Diélie, Frédérique Bastin, Tiriana Segato, M. Verbanck, Pierre D'Ans
Grands émetteurs de gaz à effet de serre à la production, les matériaux de construction issus des filières thermiques peuvent être, dans certains cas, substitués par des « éco-matériaux ». L’économie circulaire pousse de plus en plus à intégrer des déchets dans les chaînes de production. Ce travail analyse la possibilité d’intégration de déchets urbains tel que des résidus fins de boues sédimentaires de dragage (BSD) pour partiellement remplacer la terre crue dans la production de briques en terre crue comprimée (BTCC). Les BSD ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X, fluorescence X et analyse thermique. La présence de métaux lourds et composés organiques polluants a été quantifiée. Des pastilles de différentes teneurs en eau et compositions (mixte BSD et terres crues) ont été réalisées. Leur tenue à l’abrasion a été étudiée sur l’essai standardisé du pion-disque. Les pastilles contenant de la BSD dont les organiques ont été éliminés thermiquement, ont une faible tenue à l’abrasion. Cette performance est améliorée par l’ajout de 5 % de ciment, qui permet d’augmenter la cohésion du matériau.
作为生产过程中温室气体的主要排放国,在某些情况下,来自热源的建筑材料可以被“生态材料”所取代。循环经济越来越多地推动将废物纳入生产链。这项工作分析了将城市垃圾,如细泥沙挖泥(BSD)残渣,部分替代生土生产压缩生土砖(BTCC)的可能性。用X射线衍射、X荧光和热分析对BSD进行了表征。对重金属和有机污染物的存在进行了量化。制备了不同含水量和组成的球团(混合BSD和生土)。在标准先锋盘试验中研究了它们的耐磨性。含有BSD的球团,其有机物已被热去除,耐磨性较差。通过添加5%的水泥来提高这种性能,从而增加了材料的内聚性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of multi-value circulation based on remanufacturing 基于再制造的多价值流通发展
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2018057
K. Nakajima, M. Matsumoto, H. Murakami, M. Hayakawa, Yasunari Matsuno, Wataru Takayanagi
Remanufacturing is an industrial process that turns used products into new ones with the same quality, functionality, and warranty as new products; it is a critical element for realizing a resource-efficient manufacturing industry and a circular economy. Remanufacturing may involve adding new and better functionality to used products, such as adding more wear-resistant materials to the surface or new sensor systems. Remanufacturing has been undertaken for products such as: automobile parts, machinery, photocopiers, single-use cameras, furniture, and turbine components, etc. It is generally superior to material recycling in terms of energy and material savings. Our project aims to develop technologies necessary for the promotion of remanufacturing and to establish a cooperative network related to remanufacturing. As technical development items, our aim is to develop methods to assess the reliability of parts/components, develop technologies to restore deteriorated metal surfaces of used products, introduce production management methods for remanufacturing, and design a circulation system to retain the added values of products. In this paper, we introduce an outline of the project and present some preliminary results. This paper shows the possibility to quantitatively evaluate the carbide distribution (size and density) of the carburized surface of a gear, and also shows the potential to repair materials exposed to a high-temperature oxidative atmosphere by Pr-Ir coating technology.
再制造是指将旧产品改造成与新产品具有相同质量、功能和保证的新产品的工业过程;它是实现资源节约型制造业和循环经济的关键要素。再制造可能包括为旧产品添加新的和更好的功能,例如在表面添加更多耐磨材料或新的传感器系统。承接了汽车零部件、机械、复印机、一次性相机、家具、涡轮部件等产品的再制造。在节约能源和材料方面,它通常优于材料回收。我们的项目旨在开发促进再制造所需的技术,并建立与再制造相关的合作网络。作为技术开发项目,我们的目标是开发评估零部件可靠性的方法,开发修复废旧产品金属表面的技术,引入再制造的生产管理方法,设计循环系统以保留产品的附加值。在本文中,我们介绍了项目的大纲和一些初步的结果。本文展示了定量评估齿轮渗碳表面碳化物分布(尺寸和密度)的可能性,也展示了利用Pr-Ir涂层技术修复暴露在高温氧化气氛中的材料的潜力。
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引用次数: 7
Special issue of Matériaux et Techniques devoted to SAM-12 专门讨论SAM-12的《matsamriaux et Techniques》特刊
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019015
J. Birat
The 12th edition of the Society and Materials conferences, SAM-12, took place in Metz, France from 23 to 24May, 2018. This special issue ofMatériaux et Techniques collects 9 papers presented during this meeting. These papers can be regarded as highlights of the conference, in as far as they deal with some of the main topics that were discussed during these two days. SAM conferences are dedicated to the exploration of the interdisciplinary boundaries related to materials and their connection with society, the environment and nature. They try to analyze how anthroposphere, biosphere and geosphere interact. They propose new approaches, new methodologies and act as a laboratory for new thinking in the area. One boundary between the spheres is related to Materials and Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH): – the paper by Jean-Pierre Birat explores the matter of environmental ethics, which is the contribution of ethics and philosophy for fleshing out the concepts of sustainable development, which the material community has adopted wholeheartedly, of the circular economy, of the responsibilities for pollution, of the nature of pollution, etc. [1]; – Michael Kohlgrüber et al. [2] discuss the topic of social innovation and show how impowering the future users of a new technology in the workplace to engage in process innovation accelerates its implementation and its timeto-market. It also speeds up the Social Life-Cycle of that particular innovation (the concept is defined in the previous paper).
第12届社会与材料会议SAM-12于2018年5月23日至24日在法国梅斯举行。这一期《matsamriaux et Techniques》特刊收录了本次会议上发表的9篇论文。这些论文可以被视为会议的亮点,因为它们涉及了这两天讨论的一些主要议题。SAM会议致力于探索与材料相关的跨学科边界及其与社会,环境和自然的联系。他们试图分析人类圈、生物圈和地圈是如何相互作用的。他们提出新方法、新方法,并充当该领域新思维的实验室。两个领域之间的一个边界与材料、社会科学和人文科学(SSH)有关:让-皮埃尔·比拉特(Jean-Pierre Birat)的论文探讨了环境伦理问题,这是伦理学和哲学对充实可持续发展概念的贡献,物质社会全心全意地采用了可持续发展概念,循环经济,污染的责任,污染的性质等。- Michael kohlgrber et al. b[2]讨论了社会创新的话题,并展示了如何赋予工作场所中新技术的未来用户参与流程创新的能力,从而加速了其实施和上市时间。它还加快了特定创新的社会生命周期(这个概念在前一篇文章中有定义)。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of the ageing of an epoxy resin using high temperature nanoindentation 高温纳米压痕法表征环氧树脂的老化
IF 0.9 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/MATTECH/2019004
B. Passilly, R. Delannoy
This article aims to understand better the mechanical properties and behavior of organic matrix composite materials under elevated temperature conditions. Two specific specimens of cured RTM6 epoxy resin are tested with DMA analysis: one being unaged and the other one aged for 5000 h at 130 °C under ambient air. Anti-plasticization effects seem to occur on aged resin. Series of nano-indentation tests are carried out from the surface to the core of the sample so as to measure gradient properties of the resin, at temperatures up to 150 °C using a high temperature indentation machine prototype. Thermo-oxidation phenomena involve oxidized layer formation during thermal ageing of the epoxy resin which is characterized through measurements of indentation Young’s modulus. After aged treatment, the variation of Young’s modulus of the oxidized layer at the surface of the sample is not clearly affected by the increasing test temperature whereas Young’s modulus of the core of the sample is decreasing significantly with the temperature test as on unaged epoxy resin. Thus, asymptotic growing of the oxidized layer is then confirmed.
本文旨在更好地了解有机基复合材料在高温条件下的力学性能和行为。采用DMA分析方法对两种特定的RTM6环氧树脂固化试样进行了测试:一种未老化,另一种在环境空气130℃下老化5000 h。抗塑化作用似乎发生在老化的树脂上。使用高温压痕机样机,在高达150℃的温度下,从样品表面到核心进行一系列纳米压痕测试,以测量树脂的梯度特性。热氧化现象涉及环氧树脂热老化过程中氧化层的形成,通过压痕杨氏模量的测量来表征。时效处理后,试样表面氧化层的杨氏模量随试验温度的升高变化不明显,而试样芯部的杨氏模量随温度升高而明显下降,与未时效的环氧树脂相同。从而证实了氧化层的渐近生长。
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引用次数: 2
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