Growing environmental awareness in society increasingly influences individual everyday decisions, such as which product to buy or how to sustainably use it. Yet, available information to support these decisions is often limited, or difficult to understand particularly regarding sustainability. Effective ways of communicating environmental impacts of individual decisions are required to close this gap. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an established tool to evaluate environmental impacts of products and services and support environmental decision-making, the results are typically standardized and based on statistical or averaged data. However, for individuals, this information might be irrelevant, as it neglects personal situation, behavior, information need, or individual level of expertise. In tackling those central issues of personalization in LCA, this article focuses on two main questions: How can individual aspects be addressed in LCA and at which stages of the methodology can LCA be personalized? For this purpose, the ISO 14040/44 standards are analyzed regarding individuality, and current approaches in literature are presented. In an explorative approach, this research identifies two general approaches of personalizing LCA. A personalized Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) enables evaluating the environmental impacts of personal(ized) products and conditions. A broader personalization approach based on the flexibility of the methodological framework of LCA aims at providing understandable and relevant results for individual stakeholders. This article provides an overview, outlines key aspects of this vision, and points out further research needs to bring the concept into application.
{"title":"Personalized Life Cycle Assessment – Reflecting Individuality within the Methodological Framework","authors":"A. Briem, T. Betten, D. Wehner","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2019030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019030","url":null,"abstract":"Growing environmental awareness in society increasingly influences individual everyday decisions, such as which product to buy or how to sustainably use it. Yet, available information to support these decisions is often limited, or difficult to understand particularly regarding sustainability. Effective ways of communicating environmental impacts of individual decisions are required to close this gap. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an established tool to evaluate environmental impacts of products and services and support environmental decision-making, the results are typically standardized and based on statistical or averaged data. However, for individuals, this information might be irrelevant, as it neglects personal situation, behavior, information need, or individual level of expertise. In tackling those central issues of personalization in LCA, this article focuses on two main questions: How can individual aspects be addressed in LCA and at which stages of the methodology can LCA be personalized? For this purpose, the ISO 14040/44 standards are analyzed regarding individuality, and current approaches in literature are presented. In an explorative approach, this research identifies two general approaches of personalizing LCA. A personalized Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) enables evaluating the environmental impacts of personal(ized) products and conditions. A broader personalization approach based on the flexibility of the methodological framework of LCA aims at providing understandable and relevant results for individual stakeholders. This article provides an overview, outlines key aspects of this vision, and points out further research needs to bring the concept into application.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57959722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rosendahl, Katarina Lundkvist, Björn Haase, Jeanette Stemne, Linnéa Andersson, R. Eriksson
Today production industry has increasing incentives to be resource efficient and sustainable. Many residual material streams from production processes are therefore recycled internally; however, some streams might be of better use in another industry. In this study, factors seen as encouraging and/or barriers in the work towards an industrial symbiosis with residual materials, between two or more industries, were identified. The factors were divided into five categories: physical/technical, regulatory, business, motivation and society, on three organisational levels. Based on the key factors, the time aspect for establishing an industrial symbiosis was studied and criteria that need to be met in order to carry on with a business idea for a residual material were divided into three work phases. The study shows that an industrial symbiosis based on residual materials on many levels differs from a business with main products, for example when it comes to laws and policies. With residual materials it is also extra important to have good understanding of the material properties and the customer’s material requirements. It was concluded that the establishment of industrial symbioses would be facilitated if all materials had the same conditions regardless of origin provided that the final product gets the same properties.
{"title":"Establishing an industrial symbiosis – key factors and time aspects in steel industry","authors":"S. Rosendahl, Katarina Lundkvist, Björn Haase, Jeanette Stemne, Linnéa Andersson, R. Eriksson","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020005","url":null,"abstract":"Today production industry has increasing incentives to be resource efficient and sustainable. Many residual material streams from production processes are therefore recycled internally; however, some streams might be of better use in another industry. In this study, factors seen as encouraging and/or barriers in the work towards an industrial symbiosis with residual materials, between two or more industries, were identified. The factors were divided into five categories: physical/technical, regulatory, business, motivation and society, on three organisational levels. Based on the key factors, the time aspect for establishing an industrial symbiosis was studied and criteria that need to be met in order to carry on with a business idea for a residual material were divided into three work phases. The study shows that an industrial symbiosis based on residual materials on many levels differs from a business with main products, for example when it comes to laws and policies. With residual materials it is also extra important to have good understanding of the material properties and the customer’s material requirements. It was concluded that the establishment of industrial symbioses would be facilitated if all materials had the same conditions regardless of origin provided that the final product gets the same properties.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57959863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 13th Society and Materials conference, SAM-13, took place in Pisa, Italy, on 20 and 21 May, 2019. The present issue of Matériaux & Techniques collects a representative selection of 9 papers given at the conference, highlighting its main themes. These went through a peer review with the Journal. The conference focused on contemporary and emerging issues related to materials and energy, with a strong emphasis on new methodologies, experimental approaches and interdisciplinarity, from hard sciences and engineering to social sciences and humanities. The first two papers examine technical issues related to materials through unusual filters in industrial ecology or material processing, i.e. philosophy and epistemology: – JP. Birat of IF Steelman [1] discusses the matter of the circular economy by considering that reused or recycled materials are akin to a palimpsest (an old manuscript that is erased and on which a new text is written) on the one hand and that the circular economy is a heterotopia (a space separated from usual physical space by specific rules, even though both do communicate) on the other hand. The method proves capable of discussing all the features of the circular economy in a compact manner and may be casting light on unexplored areas; – H. Tveit and L. Kolbensein of NTNU [2] discuss the special status of silicon as a material by analyzing the specifics of its entropy function, which are definitely unique compared to those of a commonmetal. They go on to say that this makes the production of silicon fairly difficult on the one hand, what they call the hate relationship, and, on the other hand, transforms silicon into a material with outstanding properties and an especially social value, what they call the love relationship. Entropy, a very classical thermodynamic function, is thus used as a kind of metrics to analyze the social value of this particular material.
{"title":"Special issue on Materials and Society: the Circular Economy SAM-13","authors":"J. Birat","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020007","url":null,"abstract":"The 13th Society and Materials conference, SAM-13, took place in Pisa, Italy, on 20 and 21 May, 2019. The present issue of Matériaux & Techniques collects a representative selection of 9 papers given at the conference, highlighting its main themes. These went through a peer review with the Journal. The conference focused on contemporary and emerging issues related to materials and energy, with a strong emphasis on new methodologies, experimental approaches and interdisciplinarity, from hard sciences and engineering to social sciences and humanities. The first two papers examine technical issues related to materials through unusual filters in industrial ecology or material processing, i.e. philosophy and epistemology: – JP. Birat of IF Steelman [1] discusses the matter of the circular economy by considering that reused or recycled materials are akin to a palimpsest (an old manuscript that is erased and on which a new text is written) on the one hand and that the circular economy is a heterotopia (a space separated from usual physical space by specific rules, even though both do communicate) on the other hand. The method proves capable of discussing all the features of the circular economy in a compact manner and may be casting light on unexplored areas; – H. Tveit and L. Kolbensein of NTNU [2] discuss the special status of silicon as a material by analyzing the specifics of its entropy function, which are definitely unique compared to those of a commonmetal. They go on to say that this makes the production of silicon fairly difficult on the one hand, what they call the hate relationship, and, on the other hand, transforms silicon into a material with outstanding properties and an especially social value, what they call the love relationship. Entropy, a very classical thermodynamic function, is thus used as a kind of metrics to analyze the social value of this particular material.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57959884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work focuses on the experimental investigation of hot abrasive jet machining (HAJM) and precision drilling operation on flat surfaces of K-60 alumina ceramic material using different grades of silicon carbide abrasives. The machining AJM setup is designed based on fluidized bed mixing chamber along with pressurized powder feed chamber. The experiments are performed as per Box-Behnken design of experiments (BBDOEs) with four process parameters (pressure, stand of distance, abrasive temperature and grain size) for parametric optimization in order to control the two technological response characteristics (material removal rate, flaring diameter) of the precision holes on K-60 alumina. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) are subsequently proposed for predictive modelling and process optimization. Result shows that application of hot abrasives in AJM process has excellent performance in terms of improved material removal rate, and minimum dimensional deviation of drilled hole. Multi-response optimization GA technique presented the optimal setting of machining variables in HAJM process at air pressure of 6.682 kgf/cm2, abrasive temperature of 60.6 °C, stand-off-distance of 7.1124 mm, abrasive grain size of 275.755 µm, with estimated maximal material removal rate of 0.005 gm/s and minimal flaring diameter of 6.382 mm. The methodology described here is expected to be highly beneficial to manufacturing industries.
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of technological parameters in hot abrasive jet machining of alumina ceramic","authors":"R. Behera, Sudhansu Ranjan Das","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020008","url":null,"abstract":"The present work focuses on the experimental investigation of hot abrasive jet machining (HAJM) and precision drilling operation on flat surfaces of K-60 alumina ceramic material using different grades of silicon carbide abrasives. The machining AJM setup is designed based on fluidized bed mixing chamber along with pressurized powder feed chamber. The experiments are performed as per Box-Behnken design of experiments (BBDOEs) with four process parameters (pressure, stand of distance, abrasive temperature and grain size) for parametric optimization in order to control the two technological response characteristics (material removal rate, flaring diameter) of the precision holes on K-60 alumina. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) are subsequently proposed for predictive modelling and process optimization. Result shows that application of hot abrasives in AJM process has excellent performance in terms of improved material removal rate, and minimum dimensional deviation of drilled hole. Multi-response optimization GA technique presented the optimal setting of machining variables in HAJM process at air pressure of 6.682 kgf/cm2, abrasive temperature of 60.6 °C, stand-off-distance of 7.1124 mm, abrasive grain size of 275.755 µm, with estimated maximal material removal rate of 0.005 gm/s and minimal flaring diameter of 6.382 mm. The methodology described here is expected to be highly beneficial to manufacturing industries.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57959901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. Santis, N. De Santis, D. Fera, R. Tonelli, S. Oktay, A. Oran
An online tool based on computational fluid dynamics modelling was developed, validated and applied to Colakoglu Metallurji 2-strands slab caster to monitor and manage steel intermixing in tundish at ladle change. The tool allows to reduce the length of the slabs with intermixed steel. Different tundish layout and operating conditions are accounted for as slab size, presence of flow modifiers in tundish, tundish refill time, casting speed (also different from strand to strand), steel grade. The tool was developed by CSM following the suggestions and needs of Colakoglu Metallurji, who provided to a successful validation of such tool, both with slab sampling and support for installation and testing. As a result, the tool has been integrated into the Colakoglu CC2 control system and is currently used offline for optimizing a priori mixed grade production scheduling, and online for slab cutting optimization in order to reduce the downgraded product amount.
{"title":"Online tool based on Tundish steel CFD model to monitor and minimise steel intermix in CC slabs","authors":"M. D. Santis, N. De Santis, D. Fera, R. Tonelli, S. Oktay, A. Oran","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020006","url":null,"abstract":"An online tool based on computational fluid dynamics modelling was developed, validated and applied to Colakoglu Metallurji 2-strands slab caster to monitor and manage steel intermixing in tundish at ladle change. The tool allows to reduce the length of the slabs with intermixed steel. Different tundish layout and operating conditions are accounted for as slab size, presence of flow modifiers in tundish, tundish refill time, casting speed (also different from strand to strand), steel grade. The tool was developed by CSM following the suggestions and needs of Colakoglu Metallurji, who provided to a successful validation of such tool, both with slab sampling and support for installation and testing. As a result, the tool has been integrated into the Colakoglu CC2 control system and is currently used offline for optimizing a priori mixed grade production scheduling, and online for slab cutting optimization in order to reduce the downgraded product amount.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57959871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current assessment tools are mainly disciplinary and support the assessment of material flows in terms of environmental impacts or economical flows, for example. These tools provide helpful quantitative information for system (re)-design but do not explicitly question the value creation factors and their embeddedness in a specific socio-spatial context. This article underlines that innovation for sustainability requires more complexity and a system and multidisciplinary approach. A dynamic material and immaterial resource flows model coupled with extended scorecard to support both the analysis and structuration of territorial projects may be of great support to better understand, qualify and quantify the different kinds of resources revealed, mobilized or denied during a project. This communication focuses on the model development and the cross-fertilization of industrial, sociological and geographical disciplines for system transition analysis. Even if this model is still under development, it appears to strengthen strategic analysis, as it enables both the representation of the tangibles and intangible assets mobilized during the emergence and structuration of territorial projects (e.g. business model transition to functional economy) and sustainability assessment of existing projects (e.g. industrial and territorial ecology projects).
{"title":"(IM-)Material flow analysis for system innovation","authors":"Romain Allais, J. Gobert","doi":"10.1051/MATTECH/2018066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/MATTECH/2018066","url":null,"abstract":"Current assessment tools are mainly disciplinary and support the assessment of material flows in terms of environmental impacts or economical flows, for example. These tools provide helpful quantitative information for system (re)-design but do not explicitly question the value creation factors and their embeddedness in a specific socio-spatial context. This article underlines that innovation for sustainability requires more complexity and a system and multidisciplinary approach. A dynamic material and immaterial resource flows model coupled with extended scorecard to support both the analysis and structuration of territorial projects may be of great support to better understand, qualify and quantify the different kinds of resources revealed, mobilized or denied during a project. This communication focuses on the model development and the cross-fertilization of industrial, sociological and geographical disciplines for system transition analysis. Even if this model is still under development, it appears to strengthen strategic analysis, as it enables both the representation of the tangibles and intangible assets mobilized during the emergence and structuration of territorial projects (e.g. business model transition to functional economy) and sustainability assessment of existing projects (e.g. industrial and territorial ecology projects).","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46761081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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