Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.08
V. Kazakov
The article features special aspects of the expression of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition based on the novel Text by D. Gloukhovsky. The ways of expressing the modal meanings of possibility, necessity, reliability, desirability, affirmation/ negation are being analyzed with the help of the method of linguistic observation and description. The method of unselected sampling has revealed cases of positional-lexical repetition in neighboring sentences with markers of modal meanings. It has been established that the ways of expressing these meanings in the novel ’Text’ are those that are considered basic for the grammatical system of the Russian language as a whole: modal verbs (moch’, khotet’), words of the category of state with a modal meaning (mozhno, nuzhno) in combination with an infinitive, modal words (mozhet), words da and net. The peculiarity of repetition constructions in the novel Text demonstrates that modal meanings in them appear, as a rule, with a minus sign: uncertainty, unwillingness, unrealistic desire, impossibility, denial. An important factor influencing the formation of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition is the context which makes it possible to identify implicit increments of meaning, also including the reflection of the emotions experienced by the character. The correct interpretation of modal meanings, even in such relatively closed space as the construction of positional-lexical repetition, is impossible without referring to the textual modality, which is shows itself in the characterization of the character. The analyzed cases of repetition refer to the experienced speech of the main character of the novel and illustrate his search for answers to the emerging questions, the choice of the right decision in a stressful situation, his state of excitement or a feeling of regret. Fears and worries, hopes and doubts determine the general sentiment of the text of the novel, and all these reveal themselves in modal meanings, explicitly and implicitly presented in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition. Refs 9.
{"title":"EXPRESSION OF MODAL MEANINGS IN CONSTRUCTIONS OF POSITIONAL-LEXICAL REPETITION IN THE NOVEL TEXT BY D. GLOUKHOVSKY","authors":"V. Kazakov","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article features special aspects of the expression of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition based on the novel Text by D. Gloukhovsky. The ways of expressing the modal meanings of possibility, necessity, reliability, desirability, affirmation/ negation are being analyzed with the help of the method of linguistic observation and description. The method of unselected sampling has revealed cases of positional-lexical repetition in neighboring sentences with markers of modal meanings. It has been established that the ways of expressing these meanings in the novel ’Text’ are those that are considered basic for the grammatical system of the Russian language as a whole: modal verbs (moch’, khotet’), words of the category of state with a modal meaning (mozhno, nuzhno) in combination with an infinitive, modal words (mozhet), words da and net. The peculiarity of repetition constructions in the novel Text demonstrates that modal meanings in them appear, as a rule, with a minus sign: uncertainty, unwillingness, unrealistic desire, impossibility, denial. An important factor influencing the formation of modal meanings in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition is the context which makes it possible to identify implicit increments of meaning, also including the reflection of the emotions experienced by the character. The correct interpretation of modal meanings, even in such relatively closed space as the construction of positional-lexical repetition, is impossible without referring to the textual modality, which is shows itself in the characterization of the character. The analyzed cases of repetition refer to the experienced speech of the main character of the novel and illustrate his search for answers to the emerging questions, the choice of the right decision in a stressful situation, his state of excitement or a feeling of regret. Fears and worries, hopes and doubts determine the general sentiment of the text of the novel, and all these reveal themselves in modal meanings, explicitly and implicitly presented in the constructions of positional-lexical repetition. Refs 9.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122589919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.12
J. J. Marinicheva
The article is devoted to the study of the modern North Russian fairy tale tradition. My colleagues and I have many years of field experience in the villages of the Mezen River basin led to the need to find justification for other new forms of fixation and publication of fairy tales. We understand by a fairy tale, first of all, a speech work that occupies a special position in the situation of communication between the storyteller and his listeners, which turn out to be, including folklorists. Interviews in which our villagers mention fairy tales can be divided into two types: interviews-memories of how they themselves listened to fairy tales (most often when they were children); interviews in which the interlocutors explain how they themselves told/tell fairy tales to their children or grandchildren; finally, interviews, which are accompanied by the performance of a fairy tale to us, folklorists. For a very long time, the first two types of interviews were not the focus of research interest. Folklorists were interested in fairy tales addressed to themselves or told in their presence. Refs 16.
{"title":"MODERN NORTH RUSSIAN FAIRY TALE TRADITION","authors":"J. J. Marinicheva","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the modern North Russian fairy tale tradition. My colleagues and I have many years of field experience in the villages of the Mezen River basin led to the need to find justification for other new forms of fixation and publication of fairy tales. We understand by a fairy tale, first of all, a speech work that occupies a special position in the situation of communication between the storyteller and his listeners, which turn out to be, including folklorists. Interviews in which our villagers mention fairy tales can be divided into two types: interviews-memories of how they themselves listened to fairy tales (most often when they were children); interviews in which the interlocutors explain how they themselves told/tell fairy tales to their children or grandchildren; finally, interviews, which are accompanied by the performance of a fairy tale to us, folklorists. For a very long time, the first two types of interviews were not the focus of research interest. Folklorists were interested in fairy tales addressed to themselves or told in their presence. Refs 16.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.02
Elena V. Buzalskaia
The author aims to determine the denotation-reference map of new cultural and humanitarian holidays reflected in modern calendars. As a result of the survey of native speakers (234 people aged 17 to 70 years), only 20 holidays out of 50 passed the five percent threshold for knowledge of the existence of a holiday. Some of them are not related to religious or mythological systems, others refer to religious and mythological systems. The second part of the study was conducted in order to identify those holidays that have repetitive patterns of behavior. It was revealed that only 12 new calendar dates have such properties (International Day of Friendship; Intenational Yoga Day; World Kissing Day / International Kiss Day; International Cat Day, International Coffee Day; International Dance Holiday; International Hug Day; Earth Hour; Halloween; Day of the Dead; St Patrick’s Day; Valentine’s Day). The third stage was the identification of typical actions and holiday-related objects using a distributive analysis of the contexts describing them in the media. The results of the study indicate the predominance of the aesthetic function of a modern holiday over a world-modeling one and prove the hypothesis that when a holiday is transferred to another culture, it moves from a religious or mythological picture of the world to a naive one and loses its ritualism and sacred meaning. The results of the data analysis show that the cultural — humanitarian holiday, as a variant of the secular holiday concept, is distinguished by the predominance of the individual aspect over the social, the absence of a ritual component and connection with the narrative at the base of the event; the absence of a system of statuses, the presence of a system of roles; the absence of the process of creating a different space; these holidays are not a means of ethno-cultural identification. The obtained lists of dominant lexemes of cultural-humanitarian holidays are useful in selecting cultural material for creating textbooks on the Russian language for foreign students. The material of the analysis was the articles of the newspaper subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. Refs 19.
{"title":"THE SPECIFICS OF THE IMAGE COMPONENT OF THE NEW CULTURAL-HUMANITARIAN HOLIDAYS IN RUSSIA","authors":"Elena V. Buzalskaia","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.02","url":null,"abstract":"The author aims to determine the denotation-reference map of new cultural and humanitarian holidays reflected in modern calendars. As a result of the survey of native speakers (234 people aged 17 to 70 years), only 20 holidays out of 50 passed the five percent threshold for knowledge of the existence of a holiday. Some of them are not related to religious or mythological systems, others refer to religious and mythological systems. The second part of the study was conducted in order to identify those holidays that have repetitive patterns of behavior. It was revealed that only 12 new calendar dates have such properties (International Day of Friendship; Intenational Yoga Day; World Kissing Day / International Kiss Day; International Cat Day, International Coffee Day; International Dance Holiday; International Hug Day; Earth Hour; Halloween; Day of the Dead; St Patrick’s Day; Valentine’s Day). The third stage was the identification of typical actions and holiday-related objects using a distributive analysis of the contexts describing them in the media. The results of the study indicate the predominance of the aesthetic function of a modern holiday over a world-modeling one and prove the hypothesis that when a holiday is transferred to another culture, it moves from a religious or mythological picture of the world to a naive one and loses its ritualism and sacred meaning. The results of the data analysis show that the cultural — humanitarian holiday, as a variant of the secular holiday concept, is distinguished by the predominance of the individual aspect over the social, the absence of a ritual component and connection with the narrative at the base of the event; the absence of a system of statuses, the presence of a system of roles; the absence of the process of creating a different space; these holidays are not a means of ethno-cultural identification. The obtained lists of dominant lexemes of cultural-humanitarian holidays are useful in selecting cultural material for creating textbooks on the Russian language for foreign students. The material of the analysis was the articles of the newspaper subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. Refs 19.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"141 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113985879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.07
Lyudmila N. Donina, Elena V. Kupchik
In this article we discuss cognitive metaphors related to the conceptual field of language, as represented in V. V. Kolesov’s heritage, particularly in his theory of concepts. Initial data were collected from Kolesov’s scholarly researches and nonfiction books published in the last 20 years (2001–2021). In arranging the data we considered such factors as the character of metaphorical expressions, as well as the internal connection between the source and goal areas. Our article is probably the first to tackle the structure of V. V. Kolesov’s cognitive metaphors impicitly underlying the basic terms of conceptology, such as “concept”, “conceptum”, “idea” (Russian kontsept, kontseptum, contseptsiya respectively). The background agaist which these metaphors are demonstrated, is formed by the scholar’s metaphoric ideas of various language phenomena. We also determine the peculiarities of the metaphoric way of defining terms, as well as its place among other definition types. Sometimes metaphorical expressions are used as terms (cf. “conceptum” vs “the grain of primordial sense”), but more often is the situation when they are included into the structure of definitions. Whenever “conceptum” is described using the method of semantic constants, metaphors are primarily concentrated in such parts as “base” and “conditions”. The number of metaphors grow if a notion is relatively new and if the metatext underlying the constant is of metaphoric nature. We can attest multiple metaphors pertaining to linguistic and cognitive phenomena, which differ as to their topics, structure and implementation range. Metaphorical models are used to describe both objects related to language as a whole, and those related to its elements, segmental and suprasegmental units, basic language concepts, language rules and processes. Our corpus of metaphorical models includes vital, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, phytomorphic, physical, objective and other metaphors. We can single out the most common of them, namely “language as a human being”, “language as a plant”, “language as an object” and “language as material”. It can be claimed without doubt that metaphorical expressions are inseparable part of V. V. Kolesov’s scholarly style. Refs 11.
在本文中，我们将讨论与语言概念领域相关的认知隐喻，这体现在V. V. Kolesov的遗产中，特别是在他的概念理论中。最初的数据收集自koolesov在过去20年(2001-2021)出版的学术研究和非小说类书籍。在整理数据时，我们考虑了隐喻表达的特征以及源域和目标域之间的内在联系等因素。我们的文章可能是第一个解决v.v.科列索夫的认知隐喻结构的文章，这些隐喻隐含在概念学的基本术语之下，如“概念”，“概念”，“想法”(俄语分别为kontsept, kontseptum, contseptsiya)。这些隐喻的背景是由学者对各种语言现象的隐喻观念所形成的。我们还确定了定义术语的隐喻方式的特点，以及它在其他定义类型中的地位。有时隐喻性表达被用作术语(如“conceptum”和“the grain of primordial sense”)，但更多的情况是它们被包含在定义的结构中。每当用语义常数的方法描述“概念”时，隐喻主要集中在“基础”和“条件”等部分。如果一个概念相对较新，并且该常量的元文本具有隐喻性，那么隐喻的数量就会增加。我们可以证明，语言和认知现象中存在多种隐喻，它们在主题、结构和实现范围上各不相同。隐喻模型既用于描述与语言整体相关的对象，也用于描述与语言要素、语段和超语段单位、基本语言概念、语言规则和过程相关的对象。我们的隐喻模型包括生命隐喻、拟人隐喻、兽形隐喻、植物隐喻、物理隐喻、客观隐喻和其他隐喻。我们可以挑出其中最常见的几种，即“作为人的语言”、“作为植物的语言”、“作为物的语言”和“作为材料的语言”。毫无疑问，隐喻性表达是科尔索夫学术风格不可分割的一部分。参考文献11。
{"title":"TERMS DERIVED FROM THE STEM CONCEPTIN V. V. KOLESOV’S COGNITIVE METAPHORS","authors":"Lyudmila N. Donina, Elena V. Kupchik","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.07","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we discuss cognitive metaphors related to the conceptual field of language, as represented in V. V. Kolesov’s heritage, particularly in his theory of concepts. Initial data were collected from Kolesov’s scholarly researches and nonfiction books published in the last 20 years (2001–2021). In arranging the data we considered such factors as the character of metaphorical expressions, as well as the internal connection between the source and goal areas. Our article is probably the first to tackle the structure of V. V. Kolesov’s cognitive metaphors impicitly underlying the basic terms of conceptology, such as “concept”, “conceptum”, “idea” (Russian kontsept, kontseptum, contseptsiya respectively). The background agaist which these metaphors are demonstrated, is formed by the scholar’s metaphoric ideas of various language phenomena. We also determine the peculiarities of the metaphoric way of defining terms, as well as its place among other definition types. Sometimes metaphorical expressions are used as terms (cf. “conceptum” vs “the grain of primordial sense”), but more often is the situation when they are included into the structure of definitions. Whenever “conceptum” is described using the method of semantic constants, metaphors are primarily concentrated in such parts as “base” and “conditions”. The number of metaphors grow if a notion is relatively new and if the metatext underlying the constant is of metaphoric nature. We can attest multiple metaphors pertaining to linguistic and cognitive phenomena, which differ as to their topics, structure and implementation range. Metaphorical models are used to describe both objects related to language as a whole, and those related to its elements, segmental and suprasegmental units, basic language concepts, language rules and processes. Our corpus of metaphorical models includes vital, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, phytomorphic, physical, objective and other metaphors. We can single out the most common of them, namely “language as a human being”, “language as a plant”, “language as an object” and “language as material”. It can be claimed without doubt that metaphorical expressions are inseparable part of V. V. Kolesov’s scholarly style. Refs 11.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.10
Aleksandra N. Krasovec
The Slovenian-Bosnian poet, writer, essayist, literary critic, translator and editor Josip Osti (1945–2021) was born in Sarajevo, lived and worked in Slovenia since 1990. Being a recognized poet in his homeland, writing in Croatian, one of the largest translators of Slovenian literature into Serbo-Croatian, since 1997 he has been writing in Slovenian. The transcultural aspects of Josip Osti’s literary works, both poetry collections and novels, are a unique phenomenon. In our study, we turned to the novels of Josip Osti, namely his trilogy — Ghosts of the House of Heinrich Böll (2016), In Front of the Mirror (2016) and Life is a Creepy Fairy Tale (2019). All three works have a strong (auto)biographical component and form a special novel form, which the author calls the “kaleidoscope-mosaic” novel. The latter has a fragmented structure and consists of short stories, life stories, anecdotes, urban legends, essayistic notes, literary-critical digressions, lyrical passages, diary entries, etc. In Osti’s novels, we also find a connection with the tradition of short prose in Bosnian-Herzegovina literature, in particular, with the works of the 1990s by such authors as M. Jergović, D. Karahasan, N. Veličković, K. Zaimović and others. Their texts are characterized by a destabilized genre form, a mosaic narrative, personal and documentary evidence, and a palimpsest narrative model. The kaleidoscopic structure of Osti’s prose texts helps him to reflect the transcultural view characteristic of his intimate and artistic world, to embrace the complex overlap of heterogeneous elements. The novels are written in Slovene, but they are mainly devoted to the space of Sarajevo, the unique multicultural atmosphere of this city, as well as the tragedy unfolding in it; thus, the writer complements the so-called “Sarajevo text”, but already in the field of Slovenian literature, artistically comprehending the interconnectedness of Bosnia and Slovenia. Refs 19.
{"title":"“KALEIDOSCOPIC” NOVEL OF JOSIP OSTI IN THE ASPECT OF TRANSCULTURALITY","authors":"Aleksandra N. Krasovec","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Slovenian-Bosnian poet, writer, essayist, literary critic, translator and editor Josip Osti (1945–2021) was born in Sarajevo, lived and worked in Slovenia since 1990. Being a recognized poet in his homeland, writing in Croatian, one of the largest translators of Slovenian literature into Serbo-Croatian, since 1997 he has been writing in Slovenian. The transcultural aspects of Josip Osti’s literary works, both poetry collections and novels, are a unique phenomenon. In our study, we turned to the novels of Josip Osti, namely his trilogy — Ghosts of the House of Heinrich Böll (2016), In Front of the Mirror (2016) and Life is a Creepy Fairy Tale (2019). All three works have a strong (auto)biographical component and form a special novel form, which the author calls the “kaleidoscope-mosaic” novel. The latter has a fragmented structure and consists of short stories, life stories, anecdotes, urban legends, essayistic notes, literary-critical digressions, lyrical passages, diary entries, etc. In Osti’s novels, we also find a connection with the tradition of short prose in Bosnian-Herzegovina literature, in particular, with the works of the 1990s by such authors as M. Jergović, D. Karahasan, N. Veličković, K. Zaimović and others. Their texts are characterized by a destabilized genre form, a mosaic narrative, personal and documentary evidence, and a palimpsest narrative model. The kaleidoscopic structure of Osti’s prose texts helps him to reflect the transcultural view characteristic of his intimate and artistic world, to embrace the complex overlap of heterogeneous elements. The novels are written in Slovene, but they are mainly devoted to the space of Sarajevo, the unique multicultural atmosphere of this city, as well as the tragedy unfolding in it; thus, the writer complements the so-called “Sarajevo text”, but already in the field of Slovenian literature, artistically comprehending the interconnectedness of Bosnia and Slovenia. Refs 19.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123931760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.06
D. Dobrovol'skij
The focus of the present study is a category that characterizes some types of phraseological units — the semantic analyzability of idioms. Syntactic variability of an idiom depends on how semantically independent parts of this idiom are. Thus, the semantic autonomy of the constituents of an idiom determines (along with other factors) its syntactic behavior. The greater the semantic independence of the individual constituents of the idiom, the greater the potential for its syntactic variation. Conversely, the stronger the semantic cohesion of the constituents of the idiom, the more it resists various modifications. Semantic analyzability of idioms is significant both from a practical and theoretical point of view. On the one hand, semantic analyzability helps to determine the limits of the variability of idioms, which is essential for solving a number of practical problems — first of all, for marking idioms in the corpus. On the other hand, semantic analyzability is a factor determining the place of a given unit on the lexicon-grammar axis. Linguistic phenomena located between lexicon and grammar are of increasing interest to linguists today. Usually phraseology as a whole — and in particular idioms as its central class — is considered to be belonging to the scope of the lexicon. The main distinguishing feature of idioms, which, although they generally obey the same grammatical rules as free phrases, is a single lexical meaning. Nevertheless, idioms are heterogeneous with respect to their position on the lexicon-grammar axis: non-analyzable idioms are closer to the lexical pole than analyzable ones. Refs 33.
{"title":"BETWEEN LEXICON AND GRAMMAR: ON THE SYNTAX OF IDIOMS","authors":"D. Dobrovol'skij","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.06","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the present study is a category that characterizes some types of phraseological units — the semantic analyzability of idioms. Syntactic variability of an idiom depends on how semantically independent parts of this idiom are. Thus, the semantic autonomy of the constituents of an idiom determines (along with other factors) its syntactic behavior. The greater the semantic independence of the individual constituents of the idiom, the greater the potential for its syntactic variation. Conversely, the stronger the semantic cohesion of the constituents of the idiom, the more it resists various modifications. Semantic analyzability of idioms is significant both from a practical and theoretical point of view. On the one hand, semantic analyzability helps to determine the limits of the variability of idioms, which is essential for solving a number of practical problems — first of all, for marking idioms in the corpus. On the other hand, semantic analyzability is a factor determining the place of a given unit on the lexicon-grammar axis. Linguistic phenomena located between lexicon and grammar are of increasing interest to linguists today. Usually phraseology as a whole — and in particular idioms as its central class — is considered to be belonging to the scope of the lexicon. The main distinguishing feature of idioms, which, although they generally obey the same grammatical rules as free phrases, is a single lexical meaning. Nevertheless, idioms are heterogeneous with respect to their position on the lexicon-grammar axis: non-analyzable idioms are closer to the lexical pole than analyzable ones. Refs 33.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126919051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.14
Maria S. Morozova, A. Rusakov
The article discusses approaches to the measurement and comparative study of linguistic complexity of the Balkan dialects, genetically related to different languages. At this stage Albanian and South Slavic dialects were considered. Based on dialect descriptions and atlases, 948 South Slavic and 131 Albanian locations in the Balkan Peninsula were surveyed. Significant differences between the tentative “common Albanian” and “common Slavic” states, taken as reference points for measuring complexity, and differences between dialectal phenomena relevant for modern Albanian and South Slavic varieties, make the creation of a single list of features a non-trivial task. Thus the paper attempts a comparative study of complexity using two lists compiled independently for Albanian and for South Slavic and including 27 unmatching binary features each. All features reflect the “grammatical” complexity of language system (inventory of phonemes and grammemes, number of inflectional classes, etc.). Relative complexity or simplicity is seen as not only a static characteristic of modern dialects, but also a result of simplifying and complexifying innovations that developed in different historical periods, and preservation of the “inherited” complexity from “common Albanian” and “common Slavic”. This approach allows us to confirm the assumption that language contact can lead to both simplification and complexification and to postulate different paths of contact development for Albanian and South Slavic dialect zones. Contacts in the Albanian-speaking area are always associated with simplification, while South Slavic demonstrates a trend towards simplification, with the exception of Western Macedonian, where high complexity results from many contact-induced complexifying innovations. Refs 10.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.18
D. Tiskin
The Russian coordinative construction chto X, chto Y ‘whether X or Y; both X and Y’ merits attention for several reasons: first, due to the absence of systematic corpus-based studies of its use; second, due to the lack of clarity as to the composition of its meaning from those of its parts, including chto itself, which has a multitude of uses in Russian; and finally, due to the complexity of the relations between the multiple uses of chto. This paper undertakes a quantitative study of the construction in the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus, establishing the emergence of purely conjunctive uses on a par with pre-existing free choice uses and embedded alternative question uses, which appear to be going out of use. Further, I interpret free choice uses as an instance of the unconditional (concessive conditional) construction known from the literature to be segmented into two clausal parts and to involve no overt conditional complementiser, just as Russian uses in question behave. Basing on this observation, I suggest that the three kinds of uses share the same semantics of the construction, i. e. the alternative set {X, Y}, and show how the meanings of three requisite types can be derived from it. Finally, the connection between chto and alternative set formation calls for a new look on the relation between pronominal and complementiser uses of chto where the emergence of the latter is mediated by a stage at which the pronominal chto occupies a projection associated with clausal polarity. Refs 20.
俄式坐标结构chto X, chto Y '，无论X还是Y;由于以下几个原因，X和Y都值得关注:首先，由于缺乏系统的基于语料库的使用研究;其次，由于从它的各个部分(包括chto本身)来看，它的意义构成不清晰，而chto在俄语中有多种用法;最后，由于chto的多重用途之间关系的复杂性。本文对俄罗斯国家语料库主语料库的结构进行了定量研究，确定了纯连词用法的出现，与先前存在的自由选择用法和嵌入的替代问题用法相当，这些用法似乎已经不再使用。此外，我将自由选择用法解释为从文献中已知的无条件(让步条件)结构的实例，分为两个小句部分，并且不涉及明显的条件补语，就像俄语中使用的问题行为一样。基于这一观察，我建议这三种用法共享结构的相同语义，即可选集合{X, Y}，并说明如何从中派生出三种必要类型的含义。最后，chto和替代集形成之间的联系要求我们重新审视chto的代词和补语使用之间的关系，后者的出现是由代词chto占据与小句极性相关的投射的阶段所介导的。参考文献20。
{"title":"THE RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTION CHTO X, CHTO Y: ISSUES IN ITS SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS","authors":"D. Tiskin","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian coordinative construction chto X, chto Y ‘whether X or Y; both X and Y’ merits attention for several reasons: first, due to the absence of systematic corpus-based studies of its use; second, due to the lack of clarity as to the composition of its meaning from those of its parts, including chto itself, which has a multitude of uses in Russian; and finally, due to the complexity of the relations between the multiple uses of chto. This paper undertakes a quantitative study of the construction in the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus, establishing the emergence of purely conjunctive uses on a par with pre-existing free choice uses and embedded alternative question uses, which appear to be going out of use. Further, I interpret free choice uses as an instance of the unconditional (concessive conditional) construction known from the literature to be segmented into two clausal parts and to involve no overt conditional complementiser, just as Russian uses in question behave. Basing on this observation, I suggest that the three kinds of uses share the same semantics of the construction, i. e. the alternative set {X, Y}, and show how the meanings of three requisite types can be derived from it. Finally, the connection between chto and alternative set formation calls for a new look on the relation between pronominal and complementiser uses of chto where the emergence of the latter is mediated by a stage at which the pronominal chto occupies a projection associated with clausal polarity. Refs 20.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117046908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.05
E. Gurova
The effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model “A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types. This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting, revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications, logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold (2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13.
{"title":"TEXTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIST: THE CONTENT OF THE COMMENTARY IN THE ASPECT OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"E. Gurova","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.05","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model “A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types. This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting, revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications, logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold (2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21638/11701/9785288063183.13
A. V. Melgunova
The article considers traditional terminology as well as ego-component neologisms and occasionalisms in German and English and characterizes their structure and semantics. The research is based on German and English scientific and popular scientific works, as well as media articles. The Latin pronoun ego has long been used substantivized and in word formations in different languages. Traditionally, many ego-component words are terminological in nature. First of all, such vocabulary is common for psychological and philosophic terminology. The analysis of such lexical units is to determine new tendencies of how this pronoun component functions in word formation and how ego-component words operate in various texts. One of the tendencies is expanding the list of sciences where ego-component terms become common, for example, Ego-Dokumente in historical science. Another tendency is connected with the use of ego-component words in political life to criticize particular politicians or whole political parties. The emergence of neologisms such as der Ego-Shooter, ego surfing, das Ego-Googeln is associated with new technologies. The article also presents the variety of this vocabulary graphic representation in two languages. The novelty of the research lies in approaching the subject interdisciplinary by using terminology of different sciences and also analyzing occasionalisms and the role of context in their interpretation. The author concludes about a wide range of combinability of ego with roots from different languages, as well as the variability in the meaning of this component depending on the text subject. Refs 19.
{"title":"TRADITIONAL AND NEW FUNCTIONS OF EGO-COMPONENT IN WORD FORMATION IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH","authors":"A. V. Melgunova","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers traditional terminology as well as ego-component neologisms and occasionalisms in German and English and characterizes their structure and semantics. The research is based on German and English scientific and popular scientific works, as well as media articles. The Latin pronoun ego has long been used substantivized and in word formations in different languages. Traditionally, many ego-component words are terminological in nature. First of all, such vocabulary is common for psychological and philosophic terminology. The analysis of such lexical units is to determine new tendencies of how this pronoun component functions in word formation and how ego-component words operate in various texts. One of the tendencies is expanding the list of sciences where ego-component terms become common, for example, Ego-Dokumente in historical science. Another tendency is connected with the use of ego-component words in political life to criticize particular politicians or whole political parties. The emergence of neologisms such as der Ego-Shooter, ego surfing, das Ego-Googeln is associated with new technologies. The article also presents the variety of this vocabulary graphic representation in two languages. The novelty of the research lies in approaching the subject interdisciplinary by using terminology of different sciences and also analyzing occasionalisms and the role of context in their interpretation. The author concludes about a wide range of combinability of ego with roots from different languages, as well as the variability in the meaning of this component depending on the text subject. Refs 19.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126572020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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