Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.131-143
A. Karavay, Fctas Ras
The factors that currently determine Russian professionals' quality of human capital is analised in the article. Authors use the multinomial logistic regression and methods of content analysis based on the data of the RLMS HSE in 2019 and the FCTAS RAS in 2021. It is shown that the main role in the processes of accumulation and renewal of their human capital is played by factors related to the specific of socio-economic institutions in Russia. Employment in the main sectors of the Russian economy – industry, trade and services – does not require professionals to further increase their human capital. The concentration of enterprises from industries where highly qualified specialists are usually in demand in the most urbanized regions causes an unequal distribution of high-quality human capital between large cities and other localities. It is also shown that the influence of age on the processes of accumulation of human capital is nonlinear. The possibility to get into the group with the highest quality of human capital for professionals are drained even before the age of 40. At the same time, from the age of 45, the chances for them to have human capital with its typical quality for highly-skilled professionals begin to decrease, which is associated with discrimination in the Russian labor market of older workers and the inexpediency for them to invest in their human capital in these conditions. The results show how difficult it will be in the current conditions and considering the inevitable aging of the population to implement the plans of the country's leadership to increase the share of high-tech enterprises and increase labor productivity without changing the institutional environment.
{"title":"Institutional Barriers to The Growth of Human Capital of Highly-Skilled Professionals","authors":"A. Karavay, Fctas Ras","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.131-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.131-143","url":null,"abstract":"The factors that currently determine Russian professionals' quality of human capital is analised in the article. Authors use the multinomial logistic regression and methods of content analysis based on the data of the RLMS HSE in 2019 and the FCTAS RAS in 2021. It is shown that the main role in the processes of accumulation and renewal of their human capital is played by factors related to the specific of socio-economic institutions in Russia. Employment in the main sectors of the Russian economy – industry, trade and services – does not require professionals to further increase their human capital. The concentration of enterprises from industries where highly qualified specialists are usually in demand in the most urbanized regions causes an unequal distribution of high-quality human capital between large cities and other localities. It is also shown that the influence of age on the processes of accumulation of human capital is nonlinear. The possibility to get into the group with the highest quality of human capital for professionals are drained even before the age of 40. At the same time, from the age of 45, the chances for them to have human capital with its typical quality for highly-skilled professionals begin to decrease, which is associated with discrimination in the Russian labor market of older workers and the inexpediency for them to invest in their human capital in these conditions. The results show how difficult it will be in the current conditions and considering the inevitable aging of the population to implement the plans of the country's leadership to increase the share of high-tech enterprises and increase labor productivity without changing the institutional environment.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73103169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.102-116
A. Shmakov
Digital transformation in most cases has a positive impact on the economy. However, there is a possibility of negative consequences that worsen the standard of life of the population. Society wants to avoid a decline in living standards. The state policy to minimize the risks of digitalization should be developed for these purposes. Digital transformation leads to the complication of the technological environment, to the deformation of social relations, to a change in decision-making processes. The complexity of the technogenic environment leads to increased cognitive distortions and irrational behavior. Living standards are declining as a result. Classical approaches to government regulation often do not take into account psychophysiological and sociocultural behavioral factors. As a result, the regulation does not have the expected effect. This is especially evident in situations of uncertainty and longtime intervals. Behavioral economics and nudge can help solve these problems. This article provides a systematization and description of the factors that determine behavior. Decision-making processes are characterized. A systematization and explanation of cognitive distortions is proposed. An overview of approaches to the use of nudges to prevent cognitive distortions is proposed. Cases of using nudges to reduce the risks of digitalization are presented.
{"title":"Nudge in The Conditions of Digital Transformation: Behavioral Basis","authors":"A. Shmakov","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.102-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.102-116","url":null,"abstract":"Digital transformation in most cases has a positive impact on the economy. However, there is a possibility of negative consequences that worsen the standard of life of the population. Society wants to avoid a decline in living standards. The state policy to minimize the risks of digitalization should be developed for these purposes. Digital transformation leads to the complication of the technological environment, to the deformation of social relations, to a change in decision-making processes. The complexity of the technogenic environment leads to increased cognitive distortions and irrational behavior. Living standards are declining as a result. Classical approaches to government regulation often do not take into account psychophysiological and sociocultural behavioral factors. As a result, the regulation does not have the expected effect. This is especially evident in situations of uncertainty and longtime intervals. Behavioral economics and nudge can help solve these problems. This article provides a systematization and description of the factors that determine behavior. Decision-making processes are characterized. A systematization and explanation of cognitive distortions is proposed. An overview of approaches to the use of nudges to prevent cognitive distortions is proposed. Cases of using nudges to reduce the risks of digitalization are presented.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"19 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.081-101
I. Shiriaev, A. A. Kurysheva, V. Volchik
The paper deals with the widespread narratives describing the institutions specific to Russia’s innovation system. Narrative economics provides an interdisciplinary research perspective, due to its focus on qualitative data that were ignored by the conventional economics for a long time. We emphasize that narrative analysis is rooted in the methodological framework of original institutional economics. Literature review using the PRISMA method did not identified any examples of applying narrative analysis to institutional studied of Russia’s innovation system. The empirical data for this paper involve popular narratives contained in 43 rating media sources extracted from a Russian information analysis agency Integrum. The sources were selected using the real-time media monitoring and analysis system Medialogia. The study covered the period from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021. Content analysis of the core ideas extracted from scholarly publications and media sources allowed to identify common narratives on institutional arrangement of Russia’s innovation system, that impede commercialization of innovations. However, conflicting approaches are provided by the literature to deal with related problem situations. The viral spread of popular narratives that affect the actors of Russia’s innovation system is illustrated by one of the typical narratives about the Russian innovation system. The research implications can be useful for developing a strategy for state innovation policy. Improved methodology for assessing virality of narratives and their power, as well as the empirical testing of proposed hypotheses remain the subject for future research.
{"title":"Narrative Institutional Analysis and The National Innovation System in Russia","authors":"I. Shiriaev, A. A. Kurysheva, V. Volchik","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.081-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.081-101","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the widespread narratives describing the institutions specific to Russia’s innovation system. Narrative economics provides an interdisciplinary research perspective, due to its focus on qualitative data that were ignored by the conventional economics for a long time. We emphasize that narrative analysis is rooted in the methodological framework of original institutional economics. Literature review using the PRISMA method did not identified any examples of applying narrative analysis to institutional studied of Russia’s innovation system. The empirical data for this paper involve popular narratives contained in 43 rating media sources extracted from a Russian information analysis agency Integrum. The sources were selected using the real-time media monitoring and analysis system Medialogia. The study covered the period from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021. Content analysis of the core ideas extracted from scholarly publications and media sources allowed to identify common narratives on institutional arrangement of Russia’s innovation system, that impede commercialization of innovations. However, conflicting approaches are provided by the literature to deal with related problem situations. The viral spread of popular narratives that affect the actors of Russia’s innovation system is illustrated by one of the typical narratives about the Russian innovation system. The research implications can be useful for developing a strategy for state innovation policy. Improved methodology for assessing virality of narratives and their power, as well as the empirical testing of proposed hypotheses remain the subject for future research.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77506281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.020-036
A. Rubinstein
The article presents the results of the study of public opinion in the context of science reforming. The adoption of the Law on the Russian Academy of Sciences has in fact liquidated academic freedoms and consolidated state interference into scientific life by simultaneously escalating the use of Scientometrics. Respondents' assessments of the use of Scientometric indicators and journal rankings indicate that most economists do not trust the Scientometric tools. Based on the results of a sociological survey of the community of economists in 2020, the article concludes that there is a "managerial failure" of the paternalistic state. An analysis of the Scientometric indicators used in Scopus is also presented, including three well-known metrics: CiteScore", SNIP, and SCImago (SJR). In addition to the description of the sample of journals and the scale of monitoring, the author presents the criterion of ranking the journals MWR and the algorithm of its definition in comparison with the SJR indicator in Scopus. The final part of the paper discusses the econometric model based on the hypothesis that there are links between the ranking of journals, obtained on the basis of a sociological survey of economists, and the estimates of the "usefulness" of the introduction of relevant Scientometric indicators by the same respondents. The calculations performed have confirmed the formulated hypothesis and allowed to quantitatively measure the impact of the respondents' attitude to Scientometric indicators on the value of private ratings reflecting the Scientific level of the journal, the public prestige of the journal and Interest in the journal publications.
{"title":"State Paternalism: from Science to Scientometrics","authors":"A. Rubinstein","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.020-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.020-036","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of public opinion in the context of science reforming. The adoption of the Law on the Russian Academy of Sciences has in fact liquidated academic freedoms and consolidated state interference into scientific life by simultaneously escalating the use of Scientometrics. Respondents' assessments of the use of Scientometric indicators and journal rankings indicate that most economists do not trust the Scientometric tools. Based on the results of a sociological survey of the community of economists in 2020, the article concludes that there is a \"managerial failure\" of the paternalistic state. An analysis of the Scientometric indicators used in Scopus is also presented, including three well-known metrics: CiteScore\", SNIP, and SCImago (SJR). In addition to the description of the sample of journals and the scale of monitoring, the author presents the criterion of ranking the journals MWR and the algorithm of its definition in comparison with the SJR indicator in Scopus. The final part of the paper discusses the econometric model based on the hypothesis that there are links between the ranking of journals, obtained on the basis of a sociological survey of economists, and the estimates of the \"usefulness\" of the introduction of relevant Scientometric indicators by the same respondents. The calculations performed have confirmed the formulated hypothesis and allowed to quantitatively measure the impact of the respondents' attitude to Scientometric indicators on the value of private ratings reflecting the Scientific level of the journal, the public prestige of the journal and Interest in the journal publications.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87374014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.037-052
M. Kurbatova, S. Levin, K. Sablin
Characteristic features of contemporary scientific policy of Russia in the context of its instruments import are highlighted in the article. Instruments are analyzed as institutions according to the D. North interpretation. It was revealed that the main imports are the instruments those ensure the accountability of the academic community (academia). Grant funding system, scientometrics and academic excellence programs are these instruments. In the conditions of contemporary Russia the accountability of scientists and scholars to society turns into accountability to the vertical of power. The motivation of its representatives includes both the idea of public benefits as well as the task of private efficiency maximizing when to select the goals and instruments of scientific policy. It is shown that the selection process includes three main levels: political, governmental and departmental. Imported instruments are gradually transformed in accordance with the interests of the actors participating in the vertical administrative bargaining at all these levels. The goals set at the political level to strengthen economic and political positions of the country in the world are gradually being replaced with the tasks of maximizing the private efficiency of high-ranking participants in this bargaining. As a result, a qualitative modification of the sphere of science occurs. It is not just about the limitation of academic community autonomy, but about its incorporation into the vertical of power in the conditions of contemporary Russia. This fact leads to the changing of motivation and structure of academia. Academic researchers and scholars are gradually being replaced by politicized academic administrators and specific academic entrepreneurs. They are differ if compare them with the western academic entrepreneurs. The latter are focused on the competitive economic markets, while the first concentrate their attention on the redistribution of resources within the framework of vertical administrative bargaining.
{"title":"Import of Scientific Policy Instruments in Contemporary Russia","authors":"M. Kurbatova, S. Levin, K. Sablin","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.037-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.037-052","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristic features of contemporary scientific policy of Russia in the context of its instruments import are highlighted in the article. Instruments are analyzed as institutions according to the D. North interpretation. It was revealed that the main imports are the instruments those ensure the accountability of the academic community (academia). Grant funding system, scientometrics and academic excellence programs are these instruments. In the conditions of contemporary Russia the accountability of scientists and scholars to society turns into accountability to the vertical of power. The motivation of its representatives includes both the idea of public benefits as well as the task of private efficiency maximizing when to select the goals and instruments of scientific policy. It is shown that the selection process includes three main levels: political, governmental and departmental. Imported instruments are gradually transformed in accordance with the interests of the actors participating in the vertical administrative bargaining at all these levels. The goals set at the political level to strengthen economic and political positions of the country in the world are gradually being replaced with the tasks of maximizing the private efficiency of high-ranking participants in this bargaining. As a result, a qualitative modification of the sphere of science occurs. It is not just about the limitation of academic community autonomy, but about its incorporation into the vertical of power in the conditions of contemporary Russia. This fact leads to the changing of motivation and structure of academia. Academic researchers and scholars are gradually being replaced by politicized academic administrators and specific academic entrepreneurs. They are differ if compare them with the western academic entrepreneurs. The latter are focused on the competitive economic markets, while the first concentrate their attention on the redistribution of resources within the framework of vertical administrative bargaining.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76320239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.068-081
A. Kavaliou
The article analyzes the impact of institutional factors on the economic system of the Soviet Russia at the period of New Economic Policy. The first group of factors is associated with the social structure of the soviet village. The specifics of agricultural business activities (in particular, long production period, a gap in the movement of cash flows, impossibility of agricultural labors during the long winter season) led to the potential for localization of the village market in the event of an increase in prices for industrial products. This has repeatedly led to a crisis in the marketing of manufactured goods and food shortages in the cities. The second group of factors concerns institutional changes in ownership. The nationalization of the means of production led to the absence of a capital and labor market and to the impossibility of forming a system of relative prices, which, in a capitalist economy, signals entrepreneurs about the directions of efficient allocation of resources. The article demonstrates that Soviet economists in the 1920s used the same arguments in discussions about economic policy tools that market advocates used in discussion on economic calculation under socialism. The NEP as a system of a mixed economy was doomed due to the inability of the planning authorities to determine the directions of capital investments corresponding to the needs, which, given the relative isolation of the countryside, inevitably led to permanent crises.
{"title":"Price Crises in Soviet Economy 1920s and Institutional Effects of the Fundamental Impossibility of Socialism","authors":"A. Kavaliou","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.068-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.068-081","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the impact of institutional factors on the economic system of the Soviet Russia at the period of New Economic Policy. The first group of factors is associated with the social structure of the soviet village. The specifics of agricultural business activities (in particular, long production period, a gap in the movement of cash flows, impossibility of agricultural labors during the long winter season) led to the potential for localization of the village market in the event of an increase in prices for industrial products. This has repeatedly led to a crisis in the marketing of manufactured goods and food shortages in the cities. The second group of factors concerns institutional changes in ownership. The nationalization of the means of production led to the absence of a capital and labor market and to the impossibility of forming a system of relative prices, which, in a capitalist economy, signals entrepreneurs about the directions of efficient allocation of resources. The article demonstrates that Soviet economists in the 1920s used the same arguments in discussions about economic policy tools that market advocates used in discussion on economic calculation under socialism. The NEP as a system of a mixed economy was doomed due to the inability of the planning authorities to determine the directions of capital investments corresponding to the needs, which, given the relative isolation of the countryside, inevitably led to permanent crises.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85899325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.082-099
Yury V. Latov, Applied Sociology Ras
The necessity of a systemic reboot of the Russian policy of supporting families with children is substantiated, so that the orientation towards the growth of the population of Russia is replaced by the orientation towards increasing the human capital of future Russian workers. The new concept of family policy is based on the adaptation to Russian conditions of some of the basic principles of the policy of birth control in the PRC. The main idea is the need to differentiate fertility incentives for different social groups. They should be the highest for families of specialist workers (professionals), where the spouses have a high education and middle class income. To stimulate the birth and upbringing of children, it is proposed to use not only monetary incentives for the family, based on the scoring of the characteristics of parents, but also stimulation of free time by expanding womenʼs distance employment and pension benefits for «good» adult children. The proposed comprehensive concept is the result of the systematic use of many institutional theories – post-industrial society, modernization, human capital, Maslowʼs pyramid, etc.
{"title":"Human Capital Growth Contra Birth Rate Growth","authors":"Yury V. Latov, Applied Sociology Ras","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.082-099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.082-099","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of a systemic reboot of the Russian policy of supporting families with children is substantiated, so that the orientation towards the growth of the population of Russia is replaced by the orientation towards increasing the human capital of future Russian workers. The new concept of family policy is based on the adaptation to Russian conditions of some of the basic principles of the policy of birth control in the PRC. The main idea is the need to differentiate fertility incentives for different social groups. They should be the highest for families of specialist workers (professionals), where the spouses have a high education and middle class income. To stimulate the birth and upbringing of children, it is proposed to use not only monetary incentives for the family, based on the scoring of the characteristics of parents, but also stimulation of free time by expanding womenʼs distance employment and pension benefits for «good» adult children. The proposed comprehensive concept is the result of the systematic use of many institutional theories – post-industrial society, modernization, human capital, Maslowʼs pyramid, etc.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89368273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.006-026
R. Nureev, I. Surkhaev
The article is devoted to the analysis of social networks, the role of which is constantly growing in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The Internet has become an important prerequisite for their spread. If at the beginning of 1990, even in the most developed countries, less than 1% of the population used the Internet, then by 2020 the level of its prevalence in North America and Western Europe exceeded 90%, and in the countries of East, Southeast and West Asia, and Latin America has exceeded 2/3. We live in a rapidly changing world, when the number of active Internet users exceeded 4.66 billion people in early 2021. The speed of obtaining information is currently an important factor in economic activity. Therefore, contacts are growing rapidly, which is reflected in e-mail, which has become an integral part of modern life, pushing far back other forms of communication (newspapers, mail, telegraph, etc.). The rapid acceleration of conflicting information increases the risk of decision-making, many of which must be made in the face of uncertainty. With the growth of social networks, the density of contacts increases and the importance of a fuller use of network benefits increases. Not only is the number of participants changing, but so is the quantity and quality of the most popular websites. Citizens of modern states are more informed than their previous generations. Conducting an electoral system under such conditions turns out to be a task with many unknowns. In these conditions, voting manipulation takes on new features, which were clearly manifested during the American presidential campaigns in the United States in 2008, 2012, 2016. In addition, opportunities are being created to improve the quality of public finance management by increasing the openness of budgeting at the federal and regional levels, that is, the actual implementation of the Vernon Smith auction in practice, which will be an important step in the formation of a genuine civil society.
{"title":"Digitalization of the Economy: the New Role of Social Media","authors":"R. Nureev, I. Surkhaev","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.006-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.006-026","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of social networks, the role of which is constantly growing in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The Internet has become an important prerequisite for their spread. If at the beginning of 1990, even in the most developed countries, less than 1% of the population used the Internet, then by 2020 the level of its prevalence in North America and Western Europe exceeded 90%, and in the countries of East, Southeast and West Asia, and Latin America has exceeded 2/3. We live in a rapidly changing world, when the number of active Internet users exceeded 4.66 billion people in early 2021. The speed of obtaining information is currently an important factor in economic activity. Therefore, contacts are growing rapidly, which is reflected in e-mail, which has become an integral part of modern life, pushing far back other forms of communication (newspapers, mail, telegraph, etc.). The rapid acceleration of conflicting information increases the risk of decision-making, many of which must be made in the face of uncertainty. With the growth of social networks, the density of contacts increases and the importance of a fuller use of network benefits increases. Not only is the number of participants changing, but so is the quantity and quality of the most popular websites. Citizens of modern states are more informed than their previous generations. Conducting an electoral system under such conditions turns out to be a task with many unknowns. In these conditions, voting manipulation takes on new features, which were clearly manifested during the American presidential campaigns in the United States in 2008, 2012, 2016. In addition, opportunities are being created to improve the quality of public finance management by increasing the openness of budgeting at the federal and regional levels, that is, the actual implementation of the Vernon Smith auction in practice, which will be an important step in the formation of a genuine civil society.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91357382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.100-115
V. Melnikov, I. N. Karelin
The paper provides the rationale for using the public contractual system of the Russian Federation as a mechanism of a proactive economic policy. A number of works are analyzed that consider expenditure stimulation through a public contractual system as the main regulatory tool, for instance, in building national innovative systems, advancing research and technology, modeling the structure of the economy as well as solving social problems. An empirical analysis of the role of the Russian contractual system is given in view of its impact upon development of the regional economies in 2012–2019. Regular significant relations between the scope of financing public procurement within the contractual system of the Russian Federation and adequate own funds in the regional budgets are confirmed. The trends in elasticity coefficients characterizing correlations between the scope of financing of public and municipal procurement within the Russian public contractual system and particular tax groups in consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2012–2019 indicate economic appropriateness of increased procurement costs in terms of simultaneously providing own funds to the budgets. A positive influence of public and municipal procurement upon the level of employment and innovative activity of entities is shown, verifying, therefore, the potential of the Russian contractual system to support social and innovative policy, which is consistent with international evaluations. Conclusions are reached on the expediency of employing the budget and contractual system cumulatively as a proactive mechanism of economic policy to achieve efficient economic orders.
{"title":"Public Procurement as an Economic Policy Tool","authors":"V. Melnikov, I. N. Karelin","doi":"10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.100-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.100-115","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides the rationale for using the public contractual system of the Russian Federation as a mechanism of a proactive economic policy. A number of works are analyzed that consider expenditure stimulation through a public contractual system as the main regulatory tool, for instance, in building national innovative systems, advancing research and technology, modeling the structure of the economy as well as solving social problems. An empirical analysis of the role of the Russian contractual system is given in view of its impact upon development of the regional economies in 2012–2019. Regular significant relations between the scope of financing public procurement within the contractual system of the Russian Federation and adequate own funds in the regional budgets are confirmed. The trends in elasticity coefficients characterizing correlations between the scope of financing of public and municipal procurement within the Russian public contractual system and particular tax groups in consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2012–2019 indicate economic appropriateness of increased procurement costs in terms of simultaneously providing own funds to the budgets. A positive influence of public and municipal procurement upon the level of employment and innovative activity of entities is shown, verifying, therefore, the potential of the Russian contractual system to support social and innovative policy, which is consistent with international evaluations. Conclusions are reached on the expediency of employing the budget and contractual system cumulatively as a proactive mechanism of economic policy to achieve efficient economic orders.","PeriodicalId":43842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Institutional Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82699811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.2.116-129
Nataliya B. Dzagurova, A. Tikhonova
The article discusses the regulatory regime of digital multi-sided markets. It analyzes narrow price parity clauses designed to prevent a showrooming by depriving the supplier of the right to offer lower rates on its own website than on the platform. In recent years, some EC countries have banned such agreements. It was justified by the perceived benefits of increased vertical competition between suppliers and platforms acting as their distributors. The paper considers the interaction between the supplier and a platform like Booking.com, in the presence of narrow price parity clauses and without them. It is shown that the bans of such agreements may have long-run consequences radically different from the original intentions of the regulator. The reason for this is the reaction of the platform suppressing vertical competition by intensifying competition between the former and the newly attracted suppliers (apartment owners). The resulting uberization of the industry complicates the traditional suppliers (hotels) reproduction processes and negatively affects the welfare of consumers. The inefficiency of the existing regulatory regime of digital multi-sided markets leading to concentration of revenues in the hands of transaction platforms suggest that there is an urgent need to form national platforms, whose function should be to support domestic suppliers, create industry infrastructure, etc…
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