{"title":"Professor Harry Hollien (16 July 1926–12 July 2022","authors":"R. Bahr","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.24263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.24263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we examined whether the convergence in interlocutors’ vowel acoustics leads to decreasing discriminability between interlocutors’ voices. Ten pairs of Grison and Zürich German speakers produced lexical items before and after dialogue interactions with evidence of vowel convergence in post-dialogue productions. In Experiment 1, native and non-native Swiss German listeners discriminated pairs of speakers whose speech was obtained pre- and post-dialogue. Results showed that listeners’ sensitivity (A’) was higher for native than non-native listeners, but comparable for pre- and post-dialogue recordings. The observed negative correlation between voice discrimination and the acoustic distance in formant space was mainly driven by a single speaker pair. In Experiment 2, the speaker recognition performance of an i-vector-based software was compared in pre- and post-dialogue speech. Results revealed no difference in the system performance between the two conditions. The findings suggest that vowel convergence does not compromise voice discriminability under the given experimental conditions.
{"title":"Vowel convergence does not affect auditory speaker discriminability in humans and machine in a case study on Swiss German dialects","authors":"E. Pellegrino, Thayabaran Kathiresan, V. Dellwo","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.19954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.19954","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined whether the convergence in interlocutors’ vowel acoustics leads to decreasing discriminability between interlocutors’ voices. Ten pairs of Grison and Zürich German speakers produced lexical items before and after dialogue interactions with evidence of vowel convergence in post-dialogue productions. In Experiment 1, native and non-native Swiss German listeners discriminated pairs of speakers whose speech was obtained pre- and post-dialogue. Results showed that listeners’ sensitivity (A’) was higher for native than non-native listeners, but comparable for pre- and post-dialogue recordings. The observed negative correlation between voice discrimination and the acoustic distance in formant space was mainly driven by a single speaker pair. In Experiment 2, the speaker recognition performance of an i-vector-based software was compared in pre- and post-dialogue speech. Results revealed no difference in the system performance between the two conditions. The findings suggest that vowel convergence does not compromise voice discriminability under the given experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86701749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering Dr Janet Cotterill (1968 – 2022)","authors":"C. Heffer, F. Rock, M. Aldridge, Lise Fontaine","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.23281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.23281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74583189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IAFPA 2022 conference report","authors":"Bryony Nuttall, Kristina Tomić","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.23708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.23708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"422 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72504938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores simultaneous interpretation in legal proceedings. Using the legislative theatre techniques of Augusto Boal within the specific circumstances of Welsh and English in courts in Wales, the study explores a mock jury’s response to experiences of hearing proceedings via simultaneous interpretation. The study explores the impact of the interpreter’s presence on the process and considers the extent to which bilingual participants in the legal process are aware of non-bilinguals’ different experiences, and the extent to which those who listen to the proceedings via an interpreter may conflate the identity of the party/witness with that of the interpreter. It concludes with a number of recommendations in order to make monolinguals and bilinguals aware of the effects of interpretation and of the interpreter’s impact on communication.
{"title":"A legislative theatre study of simultaneous interpretation in legal proceedings","authors":"C. Huws, RM Jewell, H. Binks","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.20610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.20610","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores simultaneous interpretation in legal proceedings. Using the legislative theatre techniques of Augusto Boal within the specific circumstances of Welsh and English in courts in Wales, the study explores a mock jury’s response to experiences of hearing proceedings via simultaneous interpretation. The study explores the impact of the interpreter’s presence on the process and considers the extent to which bilingual participants in the legal process are aware of non-bilinguals’ different experiences, and the extent to which those who listen to the proceedings via an interpreter may conflate the identity of the party/witness with that of the interpreter. It concludes with a number of recommendations in order to make monolinguals and bilinguals aware of the effects of interpretation and of the interpreter’s impact on communication.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78797825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines what happens when two disparate types of genres collide, here the heterogeneous and illicit genre of threatening communications on the one hand and the fixed and institutional legal genres of legislation, indictments and verdicts on the other. By following the different uptakes (Freadman 1994, 2002) – including the specific types of textual travels (Heffer, Rock and Conley 2013) – of threatening communications into judgments from 50 Danish threat cases, the author both considers how this central piece of language evidence is relayed to the courts and how the overall genre of threats is taken up by the Danish legal system. The findings show that some of the instability of the genre of threats rub off onto the indictments, specifically in their task of relaying the linguistic evidence of oral threats as accurately and transparently as possible. The study concludes that each genre in the legal genre set (Devitt 1991) plays a distinctive role in managing the collision between the heterogeneity of threats and the stringency of the legal system.
{"title":"Fit to provoke fear?","authors":"M. Bojsen-Møller","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.18869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.18869","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines what happens when two disparate types of genres collide, here the heterogeneous and illicit genre of threatening communications on the one hand and the fixed and institutional legal genres of legislation, indictments and verdicts on the other. By following the different uptakes (Freadman 1994, 2002) – including the specific types of textual travels (Heffer, Rock and Conley 2013) – of threatening communications into judgments from 50 Danish threat cases, the author both considers how this central piece of language evidence is relayed to the courts and how the overall genre of threats is taken up by the Danish legal system. The findings show that some of the instability of the genre of threats rub off onto the indictments, specifically in their task of relaying the linguistic evidence of oral threats as accurately and transparently as possible. The study concludes that each genre in the legal genre set (Devitt 1991) plays a distinctive role in managing the collision between the heterogeneity of threats and the stringency of the legal system.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75657221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgina Brown, J. Franco-Pedroso, J. González-Rodríguez
Traditionally, work in automatic accent recognition has followed a similar research trajectory to that of language identification, dialect identification and automatic speaker recognition. The same acoustic modelling approaches that have been implemented in speaker recognition (such as GMM-UBM and i-vector-based systems) have also been applied to automatic accent recognition. These approaches form models of speakers’ accents by taking acoustic features from right across the speech signal without knowledge of its phonetic content. Particularly for accent recognition, however, phonetic information is expected to add substantial value to the task. The current work presents an alternative modelling approach to automatic accent recognition, which forms models of speakers’ pronunciation systems using segmental information. This article claims that such an approach to the problem makes for a more explainable method and therefore is a more appropriate method to deploy in settings where it is important to be able to communicate methods, such as forensic applications. We discuss the issue of explainability and show how the system operates on a large 700-speaker dataset of non-native English conversational telephone recordings.
{"title":"A segmentally informed solution to automatic accent classification and its advantages to forensic applications","authors":"Georgina Brown, J. Franco-Pedroso, J. González-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.20446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.20446","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, work in automatic accent recognition has followed a similar research trajectory to that of language identification, dialect identification and automatic speaker recognition. The same acoustic modelling approaches that have been implemented in speaker recognition (such as GMM-UBM and i-vector-based systems) have also been applied to automatic accent recognition. These approaches form models of speakers’ accents by taking acoustic features from right across the speech signal without knowledge of its phonetic content. Particularly for accent recognition, however, phonetic information is expected to add substantial value to the task. The current work presents an alternative modelling approach to automatic accent recognition, which forms models of speakers’ pronunciation systems using segmental information. This article claims that such an approach to the problem makes for a more explainable method and therefore is a more appropriate method to deploy in settings where it is important to be able to communicate methods, such as forensic applications. We discuss the issue of explainability and show how the system operates on a large 700-speaker dataset of non-native English conversational telephone recordings.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jack Windsor Lewis (7 August 1926–11 July 2021)","authors":"Peter French","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.22262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.22262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77628170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After recapitulating my arguments about methodological flaws in the practices of the company Verified AB in language analysis for the determination of origin (LADO) in asylum procedures, I respond to criticisms of my proposals for an alternative protocol and review the relevance of qualifications, control samples, language variation and scales. I then discuss the interplay of professional competence, ideological bias and understandings of the task and demonstrate the pitfalls of the pre-set framing of the question of the applicants’ background.
{"title":"Process, tools and agendas in LADO","authors":"Y. Matras","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.20224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.20224","url":null,"abstract":"After recapitulating my arguments about methodological flaws in the practices of the company Verified AB in language analysis for the determination of origin (LADO) in asylum procedures, I respond to criticisms of my proposals for an alternative protocol and review the relevance of qualifications, control samples, language variation and scales. I then discuss the interplay of professional competence, ideological bias and understandings of the task and demonstrate the pitfalls of the pre-set framing of the question of the applicants’ background.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84137573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book announcements","authors":"R. Powell","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.19426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.19426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67482425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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