Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2021.1906091
W. Finnegan, M. Flanagan, Rónán Ó Coistealbha, Priya Dasan Keeryadath, P. Meier, Le Chi Hung, T. Flanagan, J. Goggins
ABSTRACT Over the past 30 years, wind energy has been established as one of the leading forms of renewable energy. As the industry grows so too does the size of the wind turbines themselves – large wind turbines can now generate up to 15 MW. However, with larger turbines comes additional structural challenges to overcome, where one such challenge is erosion along the leading edge of the blade due to water impingement at the higher tip speeds of the blade. Therefore, in this paper, the development of a novel solution for preventing leading edge erosion on wind turbine blades (LEP) is presented. Primarily, this paper describes the experimental testing campaigns that were performed during LEP development. Based on the results from the rain erosion testing of selected materials, their manufacturability and other mechanical properties, thermoplastic polyurethane has been selected as the most suitable material to manufacture the LEP. The LEP component was de-risked through demonstrator testing and then bonded to the leading edge of a full-scale wind turbine blade. Structural (dynamic, static and fatigue mechanical) testing was performed on the blade with no significant damage observed. The next stage of development is operational trials on a wind turbine in marine conditions.
{"title":"A novel solution for preventing leading edge erosion in wind turbine blades","authors":"W. Finnegan, M. Flanagan, Rónán Ó Coistealbha, Priya Dasan Keeryadath, P. Meier, Le Chi Hung, T. Flanagan, J. Goggins","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2021.1906091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2021.1906091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past 30 years, wind energy has been established as one of the leading forms of renewable energy. As the industry grows so too does the size of the wind turbines themselves – large wind turbines can now generate up to 15 MW. However, with larger turbines comes additional structural challenges to overcome, where one such challenge is erosion along the leading edge of the blade due to water impingement at the higher tip speeds of the blade. Therefore, in this paper, the development of a novel solution for preventing leading edge erosion on wind turbine blades (LEP) is presented. Primarily, this paper describes the experimental testing campaigns that were performed during LEP development. Based on the results from the rain erosion testing of selected materials, their manufacturability and other mechanical properties, thermoplastic polyurethane has been selected as the most suitable material to manufacture the LEP. The LEP component was de-risked through demonstrator testing and then bonded to the leading edge of a full-scale wind turbine blade. Structural (dynamic, static and fatigue mechanical) testing was performed on the blade with no significant damage observed. The next stage of development is operational trials on a wind turbine in marine conditions.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2021.1906091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2021.1906090
Michael Conway, Sameer Mehra, A. Harte, C. O’Ceallaigh
ABSTRACT An investigation was carried out to examine the potential to utilise densified wood dowels as a reinforcement for timber subjected to compression loading perpendicular to the grain. While timber has a high strength-to-weight ratio parallel to the grain, it demonstrates poor strength perpendicular to the grain and in recent years there has been a significant number of studies examining the use of steel screws and bonded-in rods as reinforcement in this area. This is becoming more and more important with the increased use of timber in medium-to-high rise structures. In this study, thermo-mechanical densified wood in the form of dowels are utilised as compression reinforcement perpendicular to the grain and tested to failure. Thermo-mechanically densified dowel reinforcement arrangements of 2, 4, and 6 dowels are examined experimentally under a compressive load and compared to timber samples similarly reinforced but with steel self-tapping screws. The results have demonstrated the potential to utilised densified wood to create an all-wood solution to reinforce against compressive stresses perpendicular to the grain. Additionally, modifications to recently proposed Eurocode 5 recommendations for the design of compression reinforcement using self-tapping steel screws are presented, which are suitable for the design of compression reinforcement using densified wood dowels.
{"title":"Densified wood dowel reinforcement of timber perpendicular to the grain: a pilot study","authors":"Michael Conway, Sameer Mehra, A. Harte, C. O’Ceallaigh","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2021.1906090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2021.1906090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An investigation was carried out to examine the potential to utilise densified wood dowels as a reinforcement for timber subjected to compression loading perpendicular to the grain. While timber has a high strength-to-weight ratio parallel to the grain, it demonstrates poor strength perpendicular to the grain and in recent years there has been a significant number of studies examining the use of steel screws and bonded-in rods as reinforcement in this area. This is becoming more and more important with the increased use of timber in medium-to-high rise structures. In this study, thermo-mechanical densified wood in the form of dowels are utilised as compression reinforcement perpendicular to the grain and tested to failure. Thermo-mechanically densified dowel reinforcement arrangements of 2, 4, and 6 dowels are examined experimentally under a compressive load and compared to timber samples similarly reinforced but with steel self-tapping screws. The results have demonstrated the potential to utilised densified wood to create an all-wood solution to reinforce against compressive stresses perpendicular to the grain. Additionally, modifications to recently proposed Eurocode 5 recommendations for the design of compression reinforcement using self-tapping steel screws are presented, which are suitable for the design of compression reinforcement using densified wood dowels.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2021.1906090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43270462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1862963
Hopeful Syiemiong, C. Marthong
ABSTRACT Masonry construction is the leading construction method for building constructions worldwide. Despite their relatively poor seismic performance, masonry buildings have widespread appeal owing to their low construction costs and ease of construction especially in rural and semi-urban centres of developing countries like India. In the recent past, however, innovative techniques in masonry constructions have significantly improved the seismic behaviour of low and medium rise masonry buildings and have satisfactorily performed under strong earthquake ground shaking. This paper critically summarizes the different seismically-improved construction methods for clay-brick and concrete-block ordinary masonry buildings adopted worldwide. While the same method may be applied in different regions of the world, the use of different types of masonry units, however, do not necessarily yield the same results. For regions where the first use of a seismically-improved construction method is contemplated, there is a need to further investigate the efficacy of any method with the locally available materials of the region for economic feasibility and social acceptance of the proposed method.
{"title":"A review on improved construction methods for clay-brick and concrete-block ordinary masonry buildings","authors":"Hopeful Syiemiong, C. Marthong","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1862963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Masonry construction is the leading construction method for building constructions worldwide. Despite their relatively poor seismic performance, masonry buildings have widespread appeal owing to their low construction costs and ease of construction especially in rural and semi-urban centres of developing countries like India. In the recent past, however, innovative techniques in masonry constructions have significantly improved the seismic behaviour of low and medium rise masonry buildings and have satisfactorily performed under strong earthquake ground shaking. This paper critically summarizes the different seismically-improved construction methods for clay-brick and concrete-block ordinary masonry buildings adopted worldwide. While the same method may be applied in different regions of the world, the use of different types of masonry units, however, do not necessarily yield the same results. For regions where the first use of a seismically-improved construction method is contemplated, there is a need to further investigate the efficacy of any method with the locally available materials of the region for economic feasibility and social acceptance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1862964
O. Corbi, F. Tropeano, I. Corbi, H. Li, Eugenio Liccardo
ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the analysis of an Italian monumental masonry arch bridge in the Campania Region. Starting from a historical survey, the main features of the bridge are recognized, concerning its geometry, materials, and mechanical parameters. Therefore, a 3D model is developed based on these data. The procedure is characterized by two phases aimed at identifying the suitable mesh and selecting the substructures then reassembled together to obtain the entire bridge. The FEM analysis of the structural model shows results in terms of stresses and deformed shapes, emphasizing the global response of the bridge and the contribution of any, both structural and non-structural, component.
{"title":"Structural analysis of historical infrastructures: the case of the bridge on the Furore Fiord","authors":"O. Corbi, F. Tropeano, I. Corbi, H. Li, Eugenio Liccardo","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1862964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the analysis of an Italian monumental masonry arch bridge in the Campania Region. Starting from a historical survey, the main features of the bridge are recognized, concerning its geometry, materials, and mechanical parameters. Therefore, a 3D model is developed based on these data. The procedure is characterized by two phases aimed at identifying the suitable mesh and selecting the substructures then reassembled together to obtain the entire bridge. The FEM analysis of the structural model shows results in terms of stresses and deformed shapes, emphasizing the global response of the bridge and the contribution of any, both structural and non-structural, component.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1862969
Muyideen Abdulkareem, N. Bakhary, A. Ganiyu, O. Nathaniel, Taha M. Jassam, R. Al-Mansob
ABSTRACT The effectiveness of vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) method has been demonstrated by researchers to provide reliable results. However, the existence of uncertainties in measurement and modelling data hinders the accuracy of results obtained from VBDD. Researches have yielded favourable results by integrating probabilistic method. Despite these successes, the probabilistic method faces the problem of obtaining an unbiased probabilistic distribution of uncertainties. Furthermore, the probabilistic method involves long and complex computations. In dealing with these problems, the nonprobabilistic method that requires no assumptions of the uncertainties distribution was proposed. It involves estimating only the upper and lower bounds of the uncertain parameter. However, the success of the nonprobabilistic method is shortened by its reliance on baseline (undamaged) data that is often not available for existing structures. In this study, a nonprobabilistic interval analysis wavelet (NIAW) method to consider uncertainties in damage identification without using baseline healthy data is proposed. The proposed method is demonstrated by using a plate structure and applying the symmetrical properties of the plate structure. The wavelet coefficient of the plate mode shape is divided along the line of symmetry to obtain wavelet coefficients WL and WR , and the bounds (upper and lower) of WL and WR are estimated. The PoDE and wavelet coefficient increment factor (WCIF) are estimated to obtain damage identity by using the bounds of WL and WR . The product of PoDE and WCIF provides the value of DMI which indicates the level of damage severity. This method is demonstrated using numerical models of a steel plate. The results show that the proposed method accurately identifies damage when noise-contaminated mode shape data is applied.
{"title":"Consideration of uncertainty in damage detection using interval analysis wavelet without baseline data","authors":"Muyideen Abdulkareem, N. Bakhary, A. Ganiyu, O. Nathaniel, Taha M. Jassam, R. Al-Mansob","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1862969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862969","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effectiveness of vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) method has been demonstrated by researchers to provide reliable results. However, the existence of uncertainties in measurement and modelling data hinders the accuracy of results obtained from VBDD. Researches have yielded favourable results by integrating probabilistic method. Despite these successes, the probabilistic method faces the problem of obtaining an unbiased probabilistic distribution of uncertainties. Furthermore, the probabilistic method involves long and complex computations. In dealing with these problems, the nonprobabilistic method that requires no assumptions of the uncertainties distribution was proposed. It involves estimating only the upper and lower bounds of the uncertain parameter. However, the success of the nonprobabilistic method is shortened by its reliance on baseline (undamaged) data that is often not available for existing structures. In this study, a nonprobabilistic interval analysis wavelet (NIAW) method to consider uncertainties in damage identification without using baseline healthy data is proposed. The proposed method is demonstrated by using a plate structure and applying the symmetrical properties of the plate structure. The wavelet coefficient of the plate mode shape is divided along the line of symmetry to obtain wavelet coefficients WL and WR , and the bounds (upper and lower) of WL and WR are estimated. The PoDE and wavelet coefficient increment factor (WCIF) are estimated to obtain damage identity by using the bounds of WL and WR . The product of PoDE and WCIF provides the value of DMI which indicates the level of damage severity. This method is demonstrated using numerical models of a steel plate. The results show that the proposed method accurately identifies damage when noise-contaminated mode shape data is applied.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46553072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1865624
Muhammad Waleed Khan, M. Usman, S. Farooq, Muhammad Zain, S. Saleem
ABSTRACT This study aims at determining the effect of masonry as an infill on the vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame buildings by using fragility assessment. Refined linear and nonlinear structural models were developed, from data collected through professional surveys, using the PERFORM-3D platform. Nonlinear – static and dynamic – analyses were carried out, for fifteen ground motions, to examine the plastic behavior of the models. Subsequently, the vulnerability was assessed using fragility relationships. The fragility parameters were determined by employing the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM). The results indicated a decrease in the probability of exceedance for specific damage states of the structures with respect to seismic intensity for masonry infill frames. From fragility curves, it is concluded that although the use of masonry as an infill temporarily enhances the capacity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame buildings as the probability of exceedance for masonry infilled RC frames is significantly reduced due to the increase in the overall stiffness of the structure.
{"title":"Effect of masonry infill on analytical fragility response of RC frame school buildings in high seismic zone","authors":"Muhammad Waleed Khan, M. Usman, S. Farooq, Muhammad Zain, S. Saleem","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1865624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1865624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims at determining the effect of masonry as an infill on the vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame buildings by using fragility assessment. Refined linear and nonlinear structural models were developed, from data collected through professional surveys, using the PERFORM-3D platform. Nonlinear – static and dynamic – analyses were carried out, for fifteen ground motions, to examine the plastic behavior of the models. Subsequently, the vulnerability was assessed using fragility relationships. The fragility parameters were determined by employing the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM). The results indicated a decrease in the probability of exceedance for specific damage states of the structures with respect to seismic intensity for masonry infill frames. From fragility curves, it is concluded that although the use of masonry as an infill temporarily enhances the capacity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frame buildings as the probability of exceedance for masonry infilled RC frames is significantly reduced due to the increase in the overall stiffness of the structure.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1865624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1862965
Sahar Hasan, E. Elwakil
ABSTRACT The structurally deficient bridges increased from 6.2% to 7% of total bridges in California state. With this percentage, 7%; California state occupies one of the top states for bridges in “poor„ condition. Steel bridges represent about 11% of its bridge networks, so determining the condition rating objectively instead of subjectively is crucial. This paper aims to help significantly optimize the maintenance process by providing a rational basis for making decisions. This paper has integrated knowledge, stochastic analysis, Regression technique, and modeling to help the highway agencies to make a more reliable decision for future maintenance based on predicted conditions. Stochastic Regression models have been built using a training dataset extracted from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database for California State steel bridges, considering structural and operational parameters. A validation test has been performed using a new real dataset to measure observed data's correspondence to the predicted values. The results of Average Validity Percentage (85.6%) and Coefficient of Determination (R2 = 91.5%) show that the models' accuracy, the power, and scalability of integrating the knowledge-driven models are acceptable. The integrated developed models provide the infrastructure authority with actionable insights for smarter planning and maintenance decisions as better future outcomes.
{"title":"Knowledge-driven stochastic reliable modeling for steel bridge deck condition rating prediction","authors":"Sahar Hasan, E. Elwakil","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1862965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The structurally deficient bridges increased from 6.2% to 7% of total bridges in California state. With this percentage, 7%; California state occupies one of the top states for bridges in “poor„ condition. Steel bridges represent about 11% of its bridge networks, so determining the condition rating objectively instead of subjectively is crucial. This paper aims to help significantly optimize the maintenance process by providing a rational basis for making decisions. This paper has integrated knowledge, stochastic analysis, Regression technique, and modeling to help the highway agencies to make a more reliable decision for future maintenance based on predicted conditions. Stochastic Regression models have been built using a training dataset extracted from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database for California State steel bridges, considering structural and operational parameters. A validation test has been performed using a new real dataset to measure observed data's correspondence to the predicted values. The results of Average Validity Percentage (85.6%) and Coefficient of Determination (R2 = 91.5%) show that the models' accuracy, the power, and scalability of integrating the knowledge-driven models are acceptable. The integrated developed models provide the infrastructure authority with actionable insights for smarter planning and maintenance decisions as better future outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1862965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2021.1875176
A. Chourasia, S. K. Singh, Shubham Singhal, Dirgha Singh, Neelam Chauhan
ABSTRACT Structural safety of code deficient non-engineered buildings relies on adequate strengthening measures, which demands detailed structural assessment and strengthening using the appropriate technique. Structural appraisal of non-engineered buildings with poor construction practices is a key issue, which requires immediate attention. This paper deals with seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of a seismically deficient unreinforced masonry (URM) building. A Detailed Vulnerability Assessment (DVA) was carried out, which included visual inspection; on-site and laboratory tests on building elements, linear static and dynamic analysis to identify structurally deficient elements through evaluation of stress parameters. The existing building was found to be in distressed condition with regards to material and structural requirements as speculated from DVA, further to which adequate strengthening techniques for seismic upgradation of the building were proposed. The main strengthening measures included galvanized iron welded wire mesh (GI WWM) and shotcrete for walls and columns, along with micro-piles-cum-raft for foundation. The building was re-analyzed after strengthening, which showed improved structural parameters complying with the codal limits. It is expected that the proposed seismic evaluation and rehabilitation methodology will be helpful to practising engineers for improving the seismic resilience of URM buildings.
{"title":"Detailed vulnerability assessment and seismic upgradation of non-engineered masonry building","authors":"A. Chourasia, S. K. Singh, Shubham Singhal, Dirgha Singh, Neelam Chauhan","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2021.1875176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2021.1875176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Structural safety of code deficient non-engineered buildings relies on adequate strengthening measures, which demands detailed structural assessment and strengthening using the appropriate technique. Structural appraisal of non-engineered buildings with poor construction practices is a key issue, which requires immediate attention. This paper deals with seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of a seismically deficient unreinforced masonry (URM) building. A Detailed Vulnerability Assessment (DVA) was carried out, which included visual inspection; on-site and laboratory tests on building elements, linear static and dynamic analysis to identify structurally deficient elements through evaluation of stress parameters. The existing building was found to be in distressed condition with regards to material and structural requirements as speculated from DVA, further to which adequate strengthening techniques for seismic upgradation of the building were proposed. The main strengthening measures included galvanized iron welded wire mesh (GI WWM) and shotcrete for walls and columns, along with micro-piles-cum-raft for foundation. The building was re-analyzed after strengthening, which showed improved structural parameters complying with the codal limits. It is expected that the proposed seismic evaluation and rehabilitation methodology will be helpful to practising engineers for improving the seismic resilience of URM buildings.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2021.1875176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1823559
Y. Xiao
ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the author’s work of developing various impact testing equipment and equipment for simulating complex earthquake loading for structural research. The equipment include large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB), large-scale drop-weight testing equipment, field-test facility of truck collisions and multi-axes seismic loading equipment. Several types of building and bridge components were tested under axial or lateral impact loads, simulating vehicular impact actions, sudden collapse and blasts. For vehicular impact action, a procedure of establishing simulative equivalent vehicular frame is proposed, making the vehicular loading tests much easier. Fundamental tests on concrete cylinders and confined concrete cylinders under high-strain rate impacts were also carried using the large-diameter equipment. Large to full-scale reinforced concrete or steel structures were also studied experimentally, using the developed equipment.
{"title":"Development of structural testing equipment for impact and complex loading","authors":"Y. Xiao","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1823559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1823559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the author’s work of developing various impact testing equipment and equipment for simulating complex earthquake loading for structural research. The equipment include large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB), large-scale drop-weight testing equipment, field-test facility of truck collisions and multi-axes seismic loading equipment. Several types of building and bridge components were tested under axial or lateral impact loads, simulating vehicular impact actions, sudden collapse and blasts. For vehicular impact action, a procedure of establishing simulative equivalent vehicular frame is proposed, making the vehicular loading tests much easier. Fundamental tests on concrete cylinders and confined concrete cylinders under high-strain rate impacts were also carried using the large-diameter equipment. Large to full-scale reinforced concrete or steel structures were also studied experimentally, using the developed equipment.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1823559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2020.1823558
M. I. Khan, Y. Zhang, C. K. Lee
ABSTRACT With the advancement of material technology, the use of high-strength and high-performance materials in the construction industry is gaining popularity. Steel–polyvinyl alcohol (steel–PVA) hybrid fibre engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is one of such high-performance class of construction materials whose mechanical properties are not well studied in the literature especially in high-strength matrix. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanical properties of four different grades of high-strength steel–PVA ECC are experimentally investigated. ECC with nominal compressive strengths from 60 to 100 MPa are developed. Their mechanical properties including compressive and tensile stress–strain behaviour, elastic modulus and toughness are studied with particular focus on high-strength matrix. Test results show that the developed steel–PVA ECC could achieve good tensile (~0.8%) and compressive (~0.5%) ductility for general structural applications. Simple empirical relationships to predict the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the developed steel–PVA ECC as a function of their compressive strength are suggested. Moreover, an analytical model to generate a complete compressive stress–strain curve of the high-strength steel–PVA ECC is proposed and verified against the experimental results. The proposed stress–strain model would present a useful reference for non-linear analysis of structural elements utilising steel–PVA ECC.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of high-strength steel–polyvinyl alcohol hybrid fibre engineered cementitious composites","authors":"M. I. Khan, Y. Zhang, C. K. Lee","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2020.1823558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2020.1823558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the advancement of material technology, the use of high-strength and high-performance materials in the construction industry is gaining popularity. Steel–polyvinyl alcohol (steel–PVA) hybrid fibre engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is one of such high-performance class of construction materials whose mechanical properties are not well studied in the literature especially in high-strength matrix. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanical properties of four different grades of high-strength steel–PVA ECC are experimentally investigated. ECC with nominal compressive strengths from 60 to 100 MPa are developed. Their mechanical properties including compressive and tensile stress–strain behaviour, elastic modulus and toughness are studied with particular focus on high-strength matrix. Test results show that the developed steel–PVA ECC could achieve good tensile (~0.8%) and compressive (~0.5%) ductility for general structural applications. Simple empirical relationships to predict the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the developed steel–PVA ECC as a function of their compressive strength are suggested. Moreover, an analytical model to generate a complete compressive stress–strain curve of the high-strength steel–PVA ECC is proposed and verified against the experimental results. The proposed stress–strain model would present a useful reference for non-linear analysis of structural elements utilising steel–PVA ECC.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24705314.2020.1823558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46603180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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