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Challenges Facing Mpondo Learners in Learning Standard Xhosa: Teachers’ Perspectives 庞多学习者在学习标准科萨语时面临的挑战:教师的观点
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2274578
Madoda Cekiso, Yanga Majola, Thenjiwe Meyiwa
Granting equal opportunities to non-standard and standard language learners is unfair practice, since these two language groups are expected to achieve the same outcomes at the end of their school ...
给予非标准语言和标准语言学习者同等的机会是不公平的做法,因为这两个语言群体期望在他们的学校结束时取得相同的成绩……
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Euphemisms as Taboo Avoidance Strategies in the Mabia Languages 马比亚语中委婉语的避讳策略探析
3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2251714
Samuel Issah, Hasiyatu Abubakari, Samuel Atintono, Sandow Atibiri
AbstractThis article investigates the use of euphemisms in mitigating prohibited expressions in three Mabia (Gur) languages: Dagbani, Farefare (also known as Gurenε) and Kusaal. In the daily interactions of the Mabia people, they avoid using certain expressions, which are unmentionable in most contexts. These include the expressions for snakes and snakebite, sexual intercourse and genitalia, and death. The mention of the explicit terms for these expressions is face-threatening in Mabia society and can incur various forms of negative social consequences. Thus, instead of using these taboo expressions, speakers employ euphemisms as taboo-avoidance strategies; these euphemistic expressions oil social cohesion and indicate speakers’ communicative competence. The data used in this study were mainly gathered from primary sources. However, we augmented some of the primary data of Dagbani with some secondary sources drawn from N. A. Salifu's (2012) PhD thesis. We employ politeness theory and ethnography of communication as analytical lenses.Keywords: Mabia languagessocial cohesionface-threatening actspositive faceunmentionablepoliteness
摘要本文研究了达格巴尼语、Farefare语(又称Gurenε语)和Kusaal语三种马比亚语中委婉语在缓和禁忌语中的使用。在马比亚人的日常交往中,他们避免使用某些表达,这些表达在大多数情况下是不可提及的。这些表达包括蛇和蛇咬,性交和生殖器,以及死亡。在马比亚社会,提及这些表达的明确术语是威胁颜面的,并可能招致各种形式的负面社会后果。因此,说话者不使用这些禁忌表达,而是使用委婉语作为禁忌规避策略;这些委婉语有助于社会凝聚力,反映了说话人的交际能力。本研究使用的数据主要来自第一手资料。然而,我们从N. A. Salifu(2012)的博士论文中提取了一些二手资料,对Dagbani的一些原始数据进行了扩充。我们运用礼貌理论和交际民族学作为分析视角。关键词:马比亚语;社会凝聚力;威胁脸行为
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Selected Supreme Court Rulings on Human Rights Violation in Nigeria 尼日利亚最高法院关于侵犯人权的裁决分析
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2243545
Ganiu Bamgbose, Erhuvwu Akpomerha
Abstract Communication gaps between members of the legal profession and people outside the profession still leave a lot to be explained. This study investigates the technicality of written legal documents by studying 10 Nigerian Supreme Court rulings, specifically the outcome of cases of human rights violations by the Nigerian military regime. Nine purposively selected excerpts were analysed using generic structure potential elements. The analysis generated nine elements, five of which are obligatory and the other four optional. The obligatory elements are Review of Lower Court Proceedings, Reproduction of Issues, Reference to Authorities, Application of Authorities, and Final Verdict. The optional elements are Review of Facts, Reproduction of Pleadings, Analysis of Evidence, and Analysis of Argument. This study concludes that generic structure potential is a useful theory for demystifying complex texts.
摘要法律界人士与非法律界人士之间的沟通差距还有很多需要解释的地方。本研究通过研究尼日利亚最高法院的10项裁决,特别是尼日利亚军事政权侵犯人权案件的结果,调查了书面法律文件的技术性。使用通用结构潜在元素对九个有目的地选择的摘录进行了分析。分析产生了九个要素,其中五个是强制性的,另外四个是可选的。强制性内容包括审查下级法院诉讼、复制问题、向当局提交、当局的申请和最终裁决。可供选择的要素包括事实审查、答辩书复制、证据分析和论点分析。本研究的结论是,类属结构潜势是一个有用的理论来解开复杂文本的神秘面纱。
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引用次数: 0
Ideological Stances in Yoruba Nation Secessionist Discourse in Nigerian Virtual Communities 尼日利亚虚拟社区中约鲁巴民族分离主义话语的意识形态立场
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2212140
Ayo Osisanwo, Richard Akano
Abstract This study examined the Yoruba nation secessionist agitation from the viewpoint of stance and ideology in its discursive engagement on three popular Nigerian virtual communities: Nairaland, Gistmania, and Naijaloaded. Data were subjected to the theoretical and analytical paradigms of appraisal framework and critical discourse analysis. Two voices were identified in the study: the anti-Yoruba nation and the pro-Yoruba nation voices. The anti-Yoruba nation voice projected three ideologies: reformist, conservativist, and pessimist, while the pro-Yoruba nation voice projected separatist and arbitrationist ideologies. These ideological constructs were indexed by overlapping instances of appraisal subsystems and discursive strategies of perspectivisation, nomination, negative evaluative attribution, depersonalising metaphors, intensification, and intertextuality. Most participants suppressed antithetical stances to project an authorial ideological stance on the secessionist movement. Given the divisive nature of the secessionist stance, inflammatory and aggressive expressions as dominant discursive patterns are inimical to the efforts to promote inter-ethnic harmony, patriotism, and national integration.
摘要本研究从立场和意识形态的角度考察了约鲁巴民族分离主义运动对三个受欢迎的尼日利亚虚拟社区的影响:Nairaland、Gistmania和Naijaloaded。数据被置于评价框架和批判性话语分析的理论和分析范式之下。研究中发现了两种声音:反约鲁巴民族的声音和亲约鲁巴国家的声音。反约鲁巴民族的声音投射出三种意识形态:改革主义、保守主义和悲观主义,而亲约鲁巴国家的声音则投射出分离主义和专制主义意识形态。这些意识形态结构通过评价子系统和话语策略的重叠实例进行索引,这些策略包括透视、提名、负面评价归因、去个人化隐喻、强化和互文性。大多数参与者压制对立的立场,对分离主义运动表现出作者的意识形态立场。鉴于分离主义立场的分裂性质,作为主要话语模式的煽动性和攻击性表达不利于促进种族间和谐、爱国主义和民族融合。
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引用次数: 0
Objection Overruled: Language Dynamics and Power Relations in Courtroom Interactions 驳回异议:法庭互动中的语言动态和权力关系
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2229533
G. Uwen
Abstract This article adopts a qualitative approach to examine language dynamics and power relations in interactions among participants in High Court proceedings in Calabar, southern Nigeria. The study utilises insights from speech act theory and the theory of language and power to account for the way in which institutional linguistic choices depict social roles, conveyed through speech acts that enact unequal power relations in the courtroom context. Data were generated during a year of fieldwork, through observation, note taking, and reading of legal proceedings in law chambers. The findings show the patterned linguistic peculiarities that characterise the interactions between participants (judges, counsel, litigants, witnesses, interpreters, and audiences) in the courtroom setting. The interactions instantiate a structured discourse pattern that appropriates discourse roles, discourse control, turn-taking, and talk domination as power devices. These discourse practices index asymmetry in power relations between participants and situate the courtroom as a site with institutionalised idiosyncrasies for power rehearsal.
摘要本文采用定性方法来研究尼日利亚南部卡拉巴尔高等法院诉讼参与者之间互动中的语言动态和权力关系。该研究利用言语行为理论以及语言和权力理论的见解来解释制度语言选择描述社会角色的方式,通过在法庭环境中建立不平等权力关系的言语行为来传达。数据是在一年的实地调查中通过观察、笔记和阅读律师事务所的法律程序生成的。研究结果显示了参与者(法官、律师、诉讼当事人、证人、口译员和观众)在法庭环境中互动的模式语言特点。互动体现了一种结构化的话语模式,将话语角色、话语控制、转向和话语支配作为权力手段。这些话语实践表明参与者之间的权力关系不对称,并将法庭定位为一个具有制度化权力排练特质的场所。
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引用次数: 3
Relational Work Strategies in Seller–Buyer Haggling Exchanges in Markets of Port Harcourt, Nigeria 尼日利亚哈科特港市场买卖双方议价交易的关系工作策略
3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2252203
Omotosho Melefa, Ogechukwu Anyaogu
AbstractThis study examines the relational work strategies that are deployed for the maintenance of social harmony, cooperation, and social equilibrium and how these are (mis)handled such that they result in breakdown in haggling exchanges between buyers and sellers in five purposively selected open markets selected from Port Harcourt city, Nigeria. Fifty-six exchanges (between five and twenty taken from each of the markets) involving two or more sellers/buyers in an encounter were recorded using an Android 7.0 phone. The exchanges were analysed with Locher and Watts’s theoretical perspective on relational work. The data showed that polite, impolite, and non-polite strategies were used by the sellers/buyers to achieve conviviality and favourable negotiation outcomes. Some of the strategies clearly contained face-threats, others were aimed at blatant face damage, and some were deployed for face-saving. The study established that no utterance is inherently “polite” or “impolite” without consideration of its context.Keywords: buyer–sellerhaggling exchangespolitic expressionPort Harcourt marketspragmatic behaviourrelational work
摘要本研究考察了为维护社会和谐、合作和社会均衡而部署的关系工作策略,以及这些策略是如何(错误地)处理的,从而导致买卖双方在尼日利亚哈科特港五个有目的选择的开放市场中讨价还价的崩溃。使用Android 7.0手机记录了涉及两个或更多卖家/买家的56次交易(每个市场5到20次)。从洛彻和沃茨的关系工作理论角度分析了这种交流。数据显示,卖方/买方使用礼貌、不礼貌和非礼貌策略来实现愉快和有利的谈判结果。其中一些策略显然包含了颜面威胁,另一些则是为了公然损害颜面,还有一些是为了保全颜面。该研究表明,如果不考虑语境,任何话语都不会天生“礼貌”或“不礼貌”。关键词:买卖双方议价交易;政治表达;哈科特港市场
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引用次数: 0
Pictures of Language: Language Metaphors in a Recent Language Policy Framework 语言图片:近期语言政策框架中的语言隐喻
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2221834
J. Kirsten
Abstract Metaphors in policies can have a significant effect on how ideas are conceptualised and concepts are framed. By investigating the metaphors in a specific recent language policy framework, insights into the conceptualisation of language and related concepts can be provided. After identifying all the relevant metaphors, they were categorised into themes and the themes were described with some illustrative examples. The most prominent metaphor theme in the policy is HUMAN, where languages are portrayed as humans. Languages are also depicted as having bodies (EMBODIMENT), and as being physical entities (PHYSICAL) and plants (NATURE). Terminology as money (FINANCIAL) also features. The implications of these metaphors are discussed in the conclusion.
政策中的隐喻可以对想法的概念化和概念的框架产生重大影响。通过调查一个特定的近期语言政策框架中的隐喻,可以提供对语言概念化和相关概念的见解。在确定了所有相关的隐喻之后,将它们归类为主题,并用一些说明性的例子来描述主题。政策中最突出的隐喻主题是人类,语言被描绘成人类。语言也被描述为有身体(EMBODIMENT),是物理实体(physical)和植物(NATURE)。术语如货币(金融)也有特色。在结论部分讨论了这些隐喻的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Grounding Mechanisms in Selected Interviews of President Muhammadu Buhari 穆罕默杜·布哈里总统精选访谈中的接地机制
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2197252
Victor Adedayo
Abstract Presidential interviews carry significant socio-political weight. Despite this, there is a dearth of research on Nigerian political interviews from the vantage of common ground. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the grounding techniques in two interviews of President Muhammadu Buhari and identify the pragmatic relevance of these strategies in accessing, building, and maintaining common ground. Using the theory of grounding as a theoretical basis, the top-down analysis revealed that the interviewer and interviewee utilised three main grounding techniques: alternative descriptions, referential instalments, and instalments. These three techniques were established by the use of proper nouns, appositives, relative clauses, and brief explanations. The study also demonstrated that the techniques (i) help to institute contexts to enable interlocutors and their audience to infer meaning appropriately, and (ii) indicate presuppositions and implicatures. The study concludes that grounding is a joint activity through which communication sails smoothly.
总统访谈具有重要的社会政治分量。尽管如此,对尼日利亚政治访谈的研究仍然缺乏共同点。因此,本研究旨在考察穆罕默杜·布哈里总统的两次访谈中的接地技巧,并确定这些策略在获取、建立和维持共同点方面的实用相关性。以接地理论为理论基础,自上而下的分析表明,访谈者和被访谈者使用了三种主要的接地技术:替代描述、参考分期和分期。这三种技巧是通过使用专有名词、同位语、关系从句和简短的解释来建立的。研究还表明,这些技巧(i)有助于建立语境,使对话者及其听众能够适当地推断意义,(ii)表明预设和暗示。该研究的结论是,接地是一种共同的活动,通过这种活动,沟通得以顺利进行。
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引用次数: 0
Material Evaluation of Communicative Competence in a Setswana Beginner Language Learning Course 茨瓦纳初级语言学习课程中交际能力的材料评价
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2022.2147579
Marita Jordaan, J. Nel
Abstract This study investigated the possible facilitation of communicative competence development in adult beginner learners of Setswana in a set of self-access course materials. The overarching aim was to evaluate this set of self-access course materials to determine whether, and how, it facilitated the successful development of everyday communicative competence. Following a material evaluation procedure, a mixed method of data evaluation was used, including qualitative and quantitative data. New criteria were created to evaluate the set of self-access course materials. Results suggest that successful communicative competence development in Setswana is only possible if the self-access set of course materials is tailored to emphasise communication within varying social and cultural contexts. This can be accomplished by focusing on both form and function, while equipping learners with the necessary strategies to combat any external factors that might inhibit their language development.
摘要本研究考察了一套自主学习教材对成人初级茨瓦纳语学习者交际能力发展的可能促进作用。总体目标是评估这套自主学习的课程材料,以确定它是否以及如何促进日常交际能力的成功发展。根据材料评估程序,采用混合数据评估方法,包括定性和定量数据。我们制定了新的标准来评估这套自学课程材料。结果表明,只有在定制了强调在不同社会和文化背景下的交流的自学课程材料后,才能成功地发展茨瓦纳语的交际能力。这可以通过关注形式和功能来实现,同时为学习者提供必要的策略来对抗任何可能阻碍他们语言发展的外部因素。
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引用次数: 0
Foundation Phase Teachers’ Experiences with Teaching Xhosa Home Language to Baca-Speaking Learners in Umzimkhulu 基础阶段教师在乌姆津库鲁向说巴卡语的学习者教授科萨语的经验
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2023.2202923
Y. Majola, M. Cekiso
Abstract Native speakers’ learning of dialects is often hampered where a standard language is used. Most learners in Umzimkhulu are members of the Baca people, who use Baca as a home language. Baca is regarded as a dialect of Xhosa, which is the only subject for learners to choose as a home language. The study investigated teachers’ experiences in teaching Xhosa as a home language to Baca-speaking learners from Umzimkhulu. Semi-structured interviews were administered to eight Foundation Phase Xhosa teachers who were purposively selected from three schools. A qualitative case study design was used. The theoretical framework for the study was sociocultural theory, and content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings showed that learners’ conceptualisation of and expression in Xhosa was not up to standard. The authors propose that the government revisit the issue of learners who speak dialects but have to take standard languages as a home language in schools.
在使用标准语言的地方,母语人士学习方言往往受到阻碍。Umzimkhulu的大多数学习者都是Baca族的成员,他们将Baca语作为母语。巴卡语被认为是科萨语的一种方言,是学习者选择作为母语的唯一科目。该研究调查了教师向来自乌姆津库鲁的以巴卡语为母语的学习者教授科萨语的经验。对从三所学校中有意挑选的八名基础阶段科萨教师进行了半结构化访谈。采用定性案例研究设计。本研究的理论框架为社会文化理论,数据分析采用内容分析。结果表明,学生对科萨语的概念化和表达不达标。作者建议政府重新考虑那些说方言但在学校不得不把标准语言作为母语的学习者的问题。
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引用次数: 1
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Language Matters
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