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Namibian Teachers’ Beliefs about Medium of Instruction and Language Education Policy Implementation 纳米比亚教师对教学媒介与语言教育政策执行的信念
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1951334
Soili Norro
Abstract The medium of instruction is a crucial issue in language education policy in multilingual post-colonial countries such as Namibia. Teachers occupy a central role in language policy implementation, and their beliefs affect it. It is therefore important to study their beliefs about language education policy and its implementation. This article explores Namibian teachers’ beliefs in this regard in two government primary schools by means of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The qualitative analysis shows that the teachers believe the current language policy is problematic and its implementation challenging. The majority see multilingual education as a good option, though the findings of the questionnaire and the interview data are somewhat at odds. Introducing multilingual pedagogy education in teacher training and legitimising translanguaging in classrooms would enhance learner-centred approaches in Namibian schools.
摘要在纳米比亚等多语言后殖民国家,教学语言是语言教育政策中的一个关键问题。教师在语言政策实施中起着核心作用,他们的信念影响着语言政策的实施,因此研究他们对语言教育政策及其实施的信念是很重要的。本文采用问卷调查和半结构化访谈的方法,探讨了纳米比亚两所公立小学教师在这方面的信念。定性分析表明,教师们认为当前的语言政策存在问题,其实施具有挑战性。大多数人认为多语言教育是一个不错的选择,尽管调查问卷和访谈数据的结果有些不一致。在教师培训中引入多语言教学法教育,并使课堂上的跨语言教学合法化,将加强纳米比亚学校以学习者为中心的方法。
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引用次数: 4
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.2009632
Theodorus du Plessis
This thirteenth special issue of Language Matters on language politics in Africa again has a strong focus on language-in-education policy. Three of the articles deal with aspects of language policy implementation and challenges in education in two southern African settings, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Particularly noteworthy is their focus on indigenous and minoritised languages in education and on some of the challenges regarding multilingual education. Two further articles are broadly situated in a health context, the one dealing with the development of a screening test used in healthcare facilities in South Africa and the other investigating metaphors found in newspaper coverage of HIV and AIDS issues in Lesotho. A final article deals with public access to, involvement in, and the right to petition Parliament in Zimbabwe.
《语言事务》关于非洲语言政治的第13期特刊再次强烈关注语言教育政策。其中三篇文章涉及两个南部非洲国家津巴布韦和纳米比亚的语言政策实施和教育方面的挑战。特别值得注意的是,它们把重点放在教育中的土著和少数民族语言以及多语言教育方面的一些挑战上。另外两篇文章大致涉及卫生领域,一篇涉及南非保健设施中使用的筛查测试的发展,另一篇调查莱索托关于艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题的报纸报道中的隐喻。最后一篇文章涉及津巴布韦公众进入、参与和向议会请愿的权利。
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引用次数: 0
Public Access to, Involvement in, and the Right to Petition Parliament in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦公众进入、参与和请愿议会的权利
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.2012501
Eventhough Ndlovu, Tinashe Mtetwa, Della Makina
Abstract Section 141 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No.20) Act, 2013 guarantees public access to and involvement in Parliament. Section 149 of the same legislation enshrines the right to petition Parliament. This study examines these sections in order to ascertain the extent to which they guarantee public access to, involvement in, and the right to petition Parliament. Language rights constitute the basis for the enjoyment of these rights. These rights become meaningless if they are not guaranteed in one’s language of choice or in forms of communication suitable for persons with disabilities. This study found that the public is denied true access to and involvement in Parliament because linguistic access is denied to them. These rights are not guaranteed in one’s language of choice or in forms of communication suitable for persons with disabilities.
2013年《津巴布韦宪法修正案(第20号)》第141条保障公众进入和参与议会。同一立法第149条规定了向议会请愿的权利。本研究对这些部分进行了审查,以确定它们在多大程度上保障公众进入、参与议会和向议会请愿的权利。语言权利是享有这些权利的基础。如果不能以自己选择的语言或适合残疾人的交流形式保障这些权利,这些权利就会变得毫无意义。这项研究发现,公众被剥夺了真正进入议会和参与议会的权利,因为他们无法使用语言。这些权利没有以自己选择的语言或适合残疾人的交流形式得到保障。
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引用次数: 1
Multilingualism in Education: The Lived Experience of the Marginalised Language Learner 教育中的多语化:边缘化语言学习者的生活体验
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1951333
Jubilee Chikasha
Abstract This study explored how minority language speaking learners experience language use in a multilingual classroom. The study was conducted in Binga District, Zimbabwe, where Tonga, a formerly marginalised language, is predominant. This qualitative study is grounded in the multilingual education framework. A sample of 40 learners was drawn from four primary schools. Data were gathered mainly through semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that the majority of teachers at these schools are either Ndebele or Shona first language speakers, with some having almost no communicative competence in Tonga, the language of the community. This has led to the adoption of English and Ndebele or Shona as the language of teaching and learning (LOTL) in the classroom. Adopting these languages has resulted in the isolation and marginalisation of Tonga learners, who are thereby denied the right to education in the classroom context, leading to negative attitudes towards school and high failure and dropout rates.
摘要本研究探讨了少数民族语言学习者在多语言课堂中如何体验语言使用。这项研究是在津巴布韦宾加区进行的,那里以前被边缘化的汤加语占主导地位。这项定性研究以多语言教育框架为基础。从四所小学抽取了40名学生作为样本。数据主要通过半结构化访谈收集。调查结果表明,这些学校的大多数教师要么说恩德贝莱语,要么说绍纳语,其中一些教师几乎没有汤加语的交际能力。这导致了英语和恩德贝莱语或绍纳语被用作课堂教学语言(LOTL)。采用这些语言导致汤加学习者被孤立和边缘化,他们因此被剥夺了在课堂上接受教育的权利,导致对学校的负面态度以及高失败率和辍学率。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the PEDS:DM Developmental Screening Tool in Zulu and Northern Sotho 评估祖鲁和北索托地区PEDS:DM发展筛查工具
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1969589
Boledi K Maleka, J. van der Linde, M. Graham, D. Swanepoel
Abstract Screening of children's developmental milestones is imperative for early identification of developmental delays and early intervention. Translated developmental screening tools increase accessibility and in turn enable timely identification and intervention, which allows children to reach their potential. This quantitative study evaluated the translation accuracy of the Northern Sotho and Zulu Parents Evaluation Development Status: Developmental Milestones (PEDS:DM) in comparison with the English version of the tool. The study was conducted at a regional healthcare facility in South Africa. Stratified convenience sampling was utilised with a total of 546 caregivers representing children from 1 month to 6 years of age. The findings generally reflected a strong correspondence between the English and Northern Sotho, and the English and Zulu PEDS:DM tool, respectively. A few test items in the expressive language domain did not correspond significantly between languages. This could be due to cultural and social differences and should be investigated.
摘要筛查儿童的发育里程碑对于早期发现发育迟缓和早期干预至关重要。翻译后的发展筛查工具增加了可及性,从而使儿童能够及时识别和干预,从而发挥他们的潜力。这项定量研究与该工具的英文版相比,评估了《北索托和祖鲁父母评估发展状况:发展里程碑》(PEDS:DM)的翻译准确性。这项研究是在南非的一个地区医疗机构进行的。采用分层便利抽样法,共有546名护理人员代表1个月至6岁的儿童。研究结果总体上反映了英语和北索托语以及英语和祖鲁语PEDS:DM工具之间的强烈对应关系。表达语言领域的一些测试项目在语言之间没有显著对应。这可能是由于文化和社会差异,应该进行调查。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating Teachers’ Perceptions of Critical Literacy: A Case Study from Two South African Township Schools 教师批判性素养认知调查——以南非两所乡镇学校为例
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1942168
Naomi Boakye, Tilla Olifant, M. Cekiso
Abstract Researchers have described critical literacy as an important aspect of literacy in education and in the language classroom. However, this concept, including the notions that underlie it, has not been widely researched in English Second Language (ESL) contexts in Africa. This article reports on a qualitative study that investigated teachers’ perceptions of critical literacy. Interviews were conducted with Grade 8 and 9 teachers in two township schools in the City of Tshwane (Pretoria), South Africa. A thematic content analysis using emerging themes and pre-set questions was used to analyse the interview responses. The findings of the study showed that teachers had little understanding of critical literacy, did not use a critical-reading approach in their classrooms, and cited a range of factors that hampered their efforts to implement critical reading in their ESL classrooms.
研究人员将批判性素养描述为教育和语言课堂中素养的一个重要方面。然而,这一概念,包括其背后的概念,尚未在非洲的英语第二语言(ESL)语境中得到广泛研究。本文报告了一项调查教师批判性素养认知的定性研究。对南非茨瓦内市(比勒陀利亚)两所乡镇学校的八年级和九年级教师进行了采访。使用新出现的主题和预先设定的问题进行主题内容分析来分析访谈反应。研究结果表明,教师对批判性读写的理解很少,在课堂上没有使用批判性阅读方法,并列举了一系列阻碍他们在ESL课堂上实施批判性阅读的因素。
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引用次数: 1
Diphthongs in Igbo? Language Contact in the Igbo and Anaang Borderlands 伊博语中的双元音?伊博和阿纳昂边境地区的语言接触
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1936138
C. Onwukwe, N. Iwe
Abstract This study examined Anaang substratum influence on Igbo, and how it relates to socio-cultural biographies (such as trade, intermarriage and small-scale migration) amongst Igbo and Anaang speakers in the borderlands. Drawing on ethnographic observation, semi-structured and sound-elicitation interviews with 20 informants made up of Igbo and Anaang speakers, the study identified Anaang substratum influence on Igbo involving the transfer of “vowel-glide” sequences in Anaang to Igbo, which we analysed as “imposition,” and which may build up to the process of diphthongisation in the Igbo language. There are signs of incipient structural diffusion or convergence as revealed in the adoption of the Anaang “glide-vowel” phonotactic feature (for example, occurrence in medial and final positions and co-occurring with plosives and fricatives) in the version of Igbo spoken in the borderlands, as well as occurrence of some “glide-vowel” sequences in initial positions (which goes against Anaang phonotactics) in the version of Anaang spoken in the borderlands. It is concluded that complex linguistic outcomes in the borderlands reveal the typological distance between languages in contact.
本研究考察了阿纳昂底层对伊博语的影响,以及它与边境地区伊博语和阿纳昂语使用者之间的社会文化传记(如贸易、异族通婚和小规模移民)的关系。通过对20名伊博语和阿纳昂语使用者的民族志观察、半结构化访谈和声音引出访谈,该研究确定了阿纳昂语对伊博语的影响,包括阿纳昂语的“元音滑音”序列向伊博语的转移,我们将其分析为“强加”,这可能会导致伊博语的双元音化过程。在边境地区使用的伊博语版本中,采用了阿纳昂语的“滑音元音”音标特征(例如,出现在中间和最后位置,并与爆破音和摩擦音共同出现),以及在边境地区使用的阿纳昂语版本中,在初始位置出现了一些“滑音元音”序列(这与阿纳昂语的音标相反),这表明了早期结构扩散或收敛的迹象。结论是,边疆地区复杂的语言结果揭示了接触语言之间的类型学距离。
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引用次数: 1
A Portrait-Corpus Study of Language Attitudes towards Afrikaans and English 对南非荷兰语和英语语言态度的肖像语料库研究
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1942167
Susan Coetzee-Van Rooy, A. Peters
Abstract Language portraits are useful instruments to elicit speakers’ reflections on the languages in their repertoires. In this study, we implement a “portrait-corpus approach” (Peters and Coetzee-Van Rooy 2020) to investigate the conceptualisations of the languages Afrikaans and English in 105 language portraits. In this approach, we use participants’ reflections about their placement of the two languages on a human silhouette as a linguistic corpus. Relying on quantitative and qualitative analyses using WordSmith, Statistica and Atlas.ti, our study shows that Afrikaans is mainly conceptualised as a language that is located in more peripheral areas of the body (for example, the hands and feet) and, hence, is perceived as less important in participants’ repertoires. The central location of English in the head reveals its status as an important language in the participants’ multilingual repertoires. We argue that these conceptualisations of Afrikaans and English provide additional insight into the attitudes towards these languages in South Africa.
摘要语言画像是一种有用的工具,可以引起说话者对其语言的反思。在本研究中,我们实施了“肖像语料库方法”(Peters and Coetzee-Van Rooy 2020)来调查105幅语言肖像中南非荷兰语和英语的概念化。在这种方法中,我们使用参与者关于他们在人体轮廓上放置两种语言的反思作为语言语料库。依靠定量和定性分析使用WordSmith, Statistica和Atlas。然而,我们的研究表明,南非荷兰语主要被概念化为一种位于身体更外围区域的语言(例如,手和脚),因此,在参与者的技能中被认为不太重要。英语在大脑中的中心位置揭示了它在参与者的多语言库中作为重要语言的地位。我们认为,这些对南非荷兰语和英语的概念化提供了对南非人对这些语言的态度的额外见解。
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引用次数: 3
To Be with or Not: Emotional Causality and Afrikaans Prepositional met and van Constructions 与否:情感因果关系与南非荷兰语介词met和van结构
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2020.1825513
Luna Bergh
Abstract The objective of this article is to consider the Afrikaans prepositions met (with) and van (of) in relation to emotional causality from a cognitive linguistics perspective. The inquiry opens with the question of how a cognitive linguistics analysis that proceeds from reference points can capture the patterned use of the Afrikaans preposition met and van in relation to other aspects of proximity relationships, specifically the causal experience of emotion and companionship. Although met can manifest a precise merged point in time and space, for concomitant causation concerning responses to emotions in Afrikaans, a construction such as bewe van vrees/angs (tremble with fear/anxiety) employs the preposition van, as would be the case in other causal constructions of the same form, such as bewe van die koue (tremble with cold), and so emphasises intersections between companionship, containment, causality, circumstances, and possession.
摘要本文的目的是从认知语言学的角度考虑南非荷兰语介词met(with)和van(of)与情感因果关系的关系。调查以一个问题开始,即从参考点进行的认知语言学分析如何捕捉南非荷兰语介词met和van在邻近关系的其他方面的模式使用,特别是情感和陪伴的因果体验。尽管met可以在时间和空间上表现出一个精确的融合点,但对于南非荷兰语中与情绪反应相关的伴随因果关系,诸如bewe van vrees/angs(因恐惧/焦虑而颤抖)这样的结构使用了介词van,就像其他相同形式的因果结构一样,例如bewe van die koue(因寒冷而颤抖),因此强调了陪伴、包容、因果关系、环境和占有之间的交叉点。
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引用次数: 1
Positive Politeness in Writing-Centre Consultations with an Emphasis on Praise 写作中的积极礼貌——以表扬为中心的协商
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10228195.2021.1942169
A. Rambiritch, A. Carstens
Abstract In a writing centre, learning takes place during conversations between the writing-centre tutor and the student. This interaction is an integral part of writing-centre research and is the focus of this largely qualitative study which employs a politeness lens. There is very little research that specifically addresses praise as a positive politeness strategy. This study attempts to fill this gap by analysing video-recorded consultations to determine how tutors in a writing centre utilise the positive politeness strategy of praise. Findings indicate that while tutors exploit a range of politeness strategies, praise is used more often than any other strategy and is utilised significantly more when commenting on higher-order concerns, which is in line with the writing-centre literature. The benefits of this study include insights into how such analyses can be used to better prepare and equip writing-centre tutors for the work they do.
在写作中心,学习是在写作中心导师和学生之间的对话中进行的。这种互动是写作中心研究的一个组成部分,也是这项主要采用礼貌视角的定性研究的重点。很少有研究专门将赞美作为一种积极的礼貌策略。本研究试图通过分析咨询视频来填补这一空白,以确定写作中心的导师如何利用表扬的积极礼貌策略。研究结果表明,尽管导师们采用了一系列礼貌策略,但表扬比其他任何策略都更常用,而且在评论高阶问题时使用得更多,这与写作中心的文献一致。这项研究的好处包括如何利用这些分析来更好地准备和装备写作中心的导师。
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引用次数: 0
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Language Matters
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