Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5436
Sana Saeed, F. Khan, S. N. Jan, Zara Shakeel, Bismah Bilal, M. M. Bashir
Background:- Cleft lip repair is imperative for a child’s physical and mental well-being. Fisher’s innovative technique adds versatility to conventional methods with optimal aesthetic results. An inconspicuous scar along the anatomical subunits is a hallmark of this procedure. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Fisher technique for unilateral incomplete cleft lip. Methods:- This Quasi experimental study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2017 to 2021. 50 consecutive patients with primary unilateral incomplete cleft lip were included in the study. Qualitative analysis was performed using Steffensen Grading Criteria 9. Improvement in pre-operative and post-operative anthropometric ratios was also analyzed. Symmetry of repaired cleft to normal cleft side was also assessed 9,12 . Results:- Mean age of patients was 4.14±0.72 months. Parent’s satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.84±0.37 (Mean ±SD). Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters (vertical lip height, vermilion height, nostril width and nostril height) except lip width was recorded. Significant symmetry was achieved for all parameters (p-value less than 0.05) except nasal height ratio (p- value=0.071). Good results were also achieved on all parameters according to Steffensen criteria. Conclusion:- Fisher anatomical subunit repair is a reliable option for unilateral incomplete cleft lip repair producing aesthetically pleasing results.
{"title":"Outcomes of Fisher Technique for Unilateral Incomplete Cleft Lip Repair","authors":"Sana Saeed, F. Khan, S. N. Jan, Zara Shakeel, Bismah Bilal, M. M. Bashir","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5436","url":null,"abstract":"Background:- \u0000 Cleft lip repair is imperative for a child’s physical and mental well-being. Fisher’s innovative technique adds versatility to conventional methods with optimal aesthetic results. An inconspicuous scar along the anatomical subunits is a hallmark of this procedure. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Fisher technique for unilateral incomplete cleft lip. \u0000Methods:- \u0000 This Quasi experimental study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2017 to 2021. 50 consecutive patients with primary unilateral incomplete cleft lip were included in the study. Qualitative analysis was performed using Steffensen Grading Criteria 9. Improvement in pre-operative and post-operative anthropometric ratios was also analyzed. Symmetry of repaired cleft to normal cleft side was also assessed 9,12 . \u0000Results:- \u0000 Mean age of patients was 4.14±0.72 months. Parent’s satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.84±0.37 (Mean ±SD). Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters (vertical lip height, vermilion height, nostril width and nostril height) except lip width was recorded. Significant symmetry was achieved for all parameters (p-value less than 0.05) except nasal height ratio (p- value=0.071). Good results were also achieved on all parameters according to Steffensen criteria. \u0000Conclusion:- \u0000 Fisher anatomical subunit repair is a reliable option for unilateral incomplete cleft lip repair producing aesthetically pleasing results. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76447544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5423
S. Afzal
Smog, a combination of smoke and fog, is a major public health hazard in Pakistan, although it has gotten little attention and research. Despite the negative impacts of smog on the population, there is a dearth of studies and data on the subject, making it difficult for politicians and public health professionals to properly comprehend the issue and design effective solutions. Smog hurts public health in Pakistan, with research attributing it to an increase in respiratory infections and mortality. However, a paucity of study makes it difficult to completely comprehend the scope of the problem and its impact on the community. The purpose of this article is to highlight the critical need for additional study and data collection on the issue of smog in Pakistan and its effects on public health. We also emphasize the need for the government to prioritize this issue and take steps to alleviate the consequences of smog on the population.
{"title":"The Invisible Killer: Investigating the Lack of Research on Smog in Pakistan","authors":"S. Afzal","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5423","url":null,"abstract":"Smog, a combination of smoke and fog, is a major public health hazard in Pakistan, although it has gotten little attention and research. Despite the negative impacts of smog on the population, there is a dearth of studies and data on the subject, making it difficult for politicians and public health professionals to properly comprehend the issue and design effective solutions. Smog hurts public health \u0000in Pakistan, with research attributing it to an increase in respiratory infections and mortality. However, a paucity of study makes it difficult to completely comprehend the scope of the problem and its impact on the community. The purpose of this article is to highlight the critical need for additional study and data collection on the issue of smog in Pakistan and its effects on public health. We also emphasize the need for the government to prioritize this issue and take steps to alleviate the consequences of smog on the population.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85591904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5349
H. Tariq, Umme Bilqees, Seemal Fatima, Sumbal Mukhtar, H. Usman, Amad Noor Ahmad Butt
Background: Social media is like a magnanimous tree and us being leaves connected through twigs of imagination Today 4.33 billion people are connected to the internet, and almost all do by using their mobiles. In Pakistan, there were 71 million broadband subscribers and 69 million 3G/4G users in June 2019. Aims & Objectives: The current study aimed to find the relationship between social support, social media usage, and psychological well-being among undergraduates aged 18-25 years. Methods: A sample of eight hundred and forty-three male and female students was included in this research. A stratified random sampling technique was applied in the research. The sample was taken from departments of various institutions in Lahore. The duration of the study was 6 months. The study was a cross-sectional study and the data were collected using questionnaires based on Ryff's scale of psychological well-being, Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale, and Inventory of Social Supportive Behavior (ISSB) scale. Results: The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and the results indicated that social support received from close ties was positively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = .523, n = 843, p< .001]. At the same time, social support received from online sources had no significant impact on psychological well-being while social media usage was negatively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = -.215, n = 843, p< .001]. Using the regression analysis technique, the three variables in combination explained 34.6% of the variance in psychological well-being [R2 = 0.346, F(6, 836) = 75.37, p< 0.01]. Age and gender had no significant effect. Conclusion: These findings implicate that healthy interpersonal relationships between close ties and undergraduate students should be encouraged and controlled usage of social networking sites should be practiced.
{"title":"Relationship Between Social Support, Social Media Usage, and Psychological Well- Being among Undergraduates in Different Institutions of Punjab","authors":"H. Tariq, Umme Bilqees, Seemal Fatima, Sumbal Mukhtar, H. Usman, Amad Noor Ahmad Butt","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social media is like a magnanimous tree and us being leaves connected through twigs of imagination Today 4.33 billion people are connected to the internet, and almost all do by using their mobiles. In Pakistan, there were 71 million broadband subscribers and 69 million 3G/4G users in June 2019. \u0000Aims & Objectives: The current study aimed to find the relationship between social support, social media usage, and psychological well-being among undergraduates aged 18-25 years. Methods: A sample of eight hundred and forty-three male and female students was included in this research. A stratified random sampling technique was applied in the research. The sample was taken from departments of various institutions in Lahore. The duration of the study was 6 months. The study was a cross-sectional study and the data were collected using questionnaires based on Ryff's scale of psychological well-being, Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale, and Inventory of Social Supportive Behavior (ISSB) scale. Results: The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and the results indicated that social support received from close ties was positively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = .523, n = 843, p< .001]. At the same time, social support received from online sources had no significant impact on psychological well-being while social media usage was negatively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = -.215, n = 843, p< .001]. Using the regression analysis technique, the three variables in combination explained 34.6% of the variance in psychological well-being [R2 = 0.346, F(6, 836) = 75.37, p< 0.01]. Age and gender had no significant effect. Conclusion: These findings implicate that healthy interpersonal relationships between close ties and \u0000undergraduate students should be encouraged and controlled usage of social networking sites should be practiced.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5351
Hassan Tahir, Shehab Afzal Beg
Background: Hand tendon reconstruction is required in both acute and chronic tendon injuries. A number of donor sites have been described; one such novel donor site is semitendinosus tendon used a graft for hand tendon reconstruction. Based on data reviewed, only a few cases are described up till now. Methods: Semitendinosus tendon was utilized in total of 18 patients undergoing tendon reconstruction for chronic tendon injuries and for tendon transfer to achieve adequate length. All cases were performed during January 2019 To December 2020. Full length uni/bilateral semitendinosus tendon was harvested using a tendon harvester. Tendon was used as a single slip or was split into further slips as needed for tendon reconstruction. Post operatively splints were continued as per protocol (keeping splint for 6 weeks, encouraging active physiotherapy at 8 weeks, continuing night splint age for total of 10 weeks and advising patient to avoid lifting heavy weight for at least 12 weeks). Patients were followed with assessment of strength via MRC (Medical Research Council) grading scale, and tendon excursion measurements via tip to palm distance. Results: Patients had a mean age for 27.5±2.3 with a predominant male population (72.2%). Post-operative assessment showed finger strength of MRC 5 in twelve patients and MRC 4 in three and MRC 3 in three patients. Tendon excursion was documented measuring a tip to palm distance. Three patients developed tendon adhesions which were treated with tenolysis. Conclusion: Semitendinosus is a recommended option for hand tendon (both flexor & extensor) reconstruction, providing adequate length & strength for reconstruction with high predictable availability and reliability. Although Palmaris longus remains the recommended option for single tendon reconstruction, it is absent in a few cases or is rudimentary, making it difficult to be utilized.
{"title":"Semitendinosus Tendon Graft for Hand Tendon Reconstruction","authors":"Hassan Tahir, Shehab Afzal Beg","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hand tendon reconstruction is required in both acute and chronic tendon injuries. A number of donor sites have been described; one such novel donor site is semitendinosus tendon used a graft for hand tendon reconstruction. Based on data reviewed, only a few cases are described up till now. Methods: Semitendinosus tendon was utilized in total of 18 patients undergoing tendon reconstruction for chronic tendon injuries and for tendon transfer to achieve adequate length. All cases were performed during \u0000January 2019 To December 2020. Full length uni/bilateral semitendinosus tendon was harvested using a tendon harvester. Tendon was used as a single slip or was split into further slips as needed for tendon reconstruction. Post operatively splints were continued as per protocol (keeping splint for 6 weeks, encouraging active physiotherapy at 8 weeks, continuing night splint age for total of 10 weeks and advising patient to avoid lifting heavy weight for at least 12 weeks). Patients were followed with assessment of strength via MRC (Medical \u0000Research Council) grading scale, and tendon excursion measurements via tip to palm distance. Results: Patients had a mean age for 27.5±2.3 with a predominant male population (72.2%). Post-operative assessment showed finger strength of MRC 5 in twelve patients and MRC 4 in three and MRC 3 in three patients. Tendon excursion was documented measuring a tip to palm distance. Three patients developed tendon adhesions which were treated with tenolysis. Conclusion: Semitendinosus is a recommended option for hand tendon (both flexor & extensor) reconstruction, providing adequate length & strength for reconstruction with high predictable availability and reliability. Although Palmaris longus remains the recommended option for single tendon reconstruction, it is absent in a few cases or is rudimentary, making it difficult to be utilized.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89107762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5353
Z. A. Saeed, Sadaf Arooj, Nawaz Rashid, Mahjabeen Masood, Aisha Asghar
Background: Thyroid gland is a principal endocrine organ, first to develop in embryo, endodermal in origin and producing hormones essential for life. It is a vascular organ inclusive of right and left lobes, surrounded by a capsule and isthmus in the centre. Objective: To determine the role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI ( DWI) in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Methodology: One hundred and three patients (103) were enrolled. DWI sequence was performed on 1.5 Tesla GE machine at b-values of 0, 50 and 1000 s/mm2 with correlative ADC map and quantitative values were calculated. FNAC of the thyroid nodules was carried out and results were tallied with ADC values. Out of these, five patients lost to follow up and an inadequate sample was obtained in six patients. Results: Mean age of patients (n=92) was 39 years. Out of 92 patients, 26 patients (28.3%) showed restricted diffusion on DWI in malignant thyroid nodules. Mean ADC ( Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) value of benign thyroid nodules (1.43 × 10-3mm2s-1) was significantly greater than malignant thyroid nodules (0.91×10-3mm s-1). For discriminating two types of nodules, cut off ADC value was determined at 1.1×10-3mm2s-1 and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy was 84.6, 95.4, 88.8, 91.5 and 92.3% respectively. Conclusion: Diffusion Weighted MRI is a non-invasive imaging investigation without ionizing radiation hazard. Its greater soft tissue differentiation and multiplanar images help in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and accuracy. The overload of unnecessary surgeries is thus lowered when pre-operative FNAC is indecisive and aids in making a precise diagnosis.
背景:甲状腺是主要的内分泌器官，最早发育于胚胎，起源于内胚层，产生生命所必需的激素。它是一个血管器官，包括左右叶，被囊和峡包围在中心。目的:以组织病理学为鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的金标准，探讨弥散加权MRI (diffusion weighted MRI, DWI)在鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性中的作用。方法:纳入103例患者。在1.5 Tesla GE机上进行b值为0、50和1000 s/mm2的DWI序列，并计算相关ADC图和定量值。甲状腺结节行FNAC检查，结果与ADC值吻合。其中，5例患者未能随访，6例患者样本不足。结果:患者平均年龄39岁(n=92)。92例患者中，26例(28.3%)表现为恶性甲状腺结节弥散受限。良性甲状腺结节平均表观弥散系数(ADC)值(1.43 × 10-3mm2s-1)显著大于恶性甲状腺结节(0.91×10-3mm s-1)。对于两种类型的结节，在1.1×10-3mm2s-1上确定cut off ADC值，其敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV和诊断准确率分别为84.6、95.4、88.8、91.5和92.3%。结论:弥散加权MRI是一种无创的影像学检查，无电离辐射危害。其较强的软组织分化和多平面影像有助于甲状腺恶性结节的诊断，具有较高的敏感性和准确性。因此，如果术前FNAC不确定并有助于做出精确诊断，则可以降低不必要手术的负担。
{"title":"Role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI ( DWI) in Differentiating Between Benign and Malignant Nodules of Thyroid Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard","authors":"Z. A. Saeed, Sadaf Arooj, Nawaz Rashid, Mahjabeen Masood, Aisha Asghar","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid gland is a principal endocrine organ, first to develop in embryo, endodermal in origin and producing hormones essential for life. It is a vascular organ inclusive of right and left lobes, surrounded by a capsule and isthmus in the centre. Objective: To determine the role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI ( DWI) in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Methodology: One hundred and three patients (103) were enrolled. DWI sequence was performed on 1.5 Tesla GE machine at b-values of 0, 50 and 1000 s/mm2 with correlative ADC map and quantitative values were calculated. FNAC of the thyroid nodules was carried out and results were tallied with ADC values. Out of these, five patients lost to follow up and an inadequate sample was obtained in six patients. Results: Mean age of patients (n=92) was 39 years. Out of 92 patients, 26 patients (28.3%) showed restricted diffusion on DWI in malignant thyroid nodules. Mean ADC ( Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) value of benign \u0000thyroid nodules (1.43 × 10-3mm2s-1) was significantly greater than malignant thyroid nodules (0.91×10-3mm s-1). For discriminating two types of nodules, cut off ADC value was determined at 1.1×10-3mm2s-1 and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy was 84.6, 95.4, 88.8, 91.5 and 92.3% respectively. Conclusion: Diffusion Weighted MRI is a non-invasive imaging investigation without ionizing radiation hazard. Its greater soft tissue differentiation and multiplanar images help in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and accuracy. The overload of unnecessary surgeries is thus lowered when pre-operative FNAC is indecisive and aids in making a precise diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77737382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5352
Wajiha Kiran, Nuzhat-ul -Ain
Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus became a profound threat to the physical and mental health of people worldwide. Healthcare workers especially doctors on the frontline experience critical and traumatic situations on regular basis. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients become more vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout due to persistent exposure to stressful situations. Objective: To examine the relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy, job burnout and secondary trauma in doctors who are involved in treating people infected with COVID-19. Method: The study was conducted by using cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of 78 doctors who were working as frontline workers in dealing with COVID-19 patients. Online google form was devised to collect data from the participants by employing convenient sampling technique. The google form comprised of demographic questionnaire and two scales i.e., Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy scale and Compassion Fatigue scale. Two primary hypotheses were formulated i.e., there would likely be a negative relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy and compassion fatigue in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients and secondary trauma self-efficacy would likely predict secondary trauma and job burnout in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients. The hypotheses were tested through SPSS software by conducting Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was significant negative relationship between Secondary Trauma Self- Efficacy and Compassion Fatigue (r= -0.54, p
背景:新型冠状病毒全球大流行对全球人民的身心健康构成了严重威胁。医护人员，特别是一线医生，经常经历危急和创伤的情况。由于持续暴露在压力环境中，治疗COVID-19患者的医生更容易受到继发性创伤性应激和倦怠的影响。目的:探讨参与治疗新型冠状病毒感染患者的医生继发性创伤自我效能感、工作倦怠与继发性创伤的关系。方法:采用横断面研究设计。样本包括78名作为一线工作人员处理COVID-19患者的医生。设计了在线谷歌表格，采用方便的抽样技术收集参与者的数据。谷歌表格由人口统计问卷和二次创伤自我效能感量表和同情疲劳量表组成。提出了两个主要假设，即继发性创伤自我效能感与冠状病毒患者的同情疲劳可能存在负相关关系，继发性创伤自我效能感可能预测冠状病毒患者的继发性创伤和工作倦怠。通过SPSS软件进行Pearson积差相关和层次多元回归分析，对假设进行检验。结果:继发性创伤自我效能感与同情疲劳呈显著负相关(r= -0.54, p
{"title":"Relationship between Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy, Secondary Trauma and Job Burnout among Doctors Dealing with COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Wajiha Kiran, Nuzhat-ul -Ain","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5352","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus became a profound threat to the physical and mental health of people worldwide. Healthcare workers especially doctors on the frontline experience critical and traumatic situations on regular basis. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients become more vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout due to persistent exposure to stressful situations. \u0000Objective: To examine the relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy, job burnout and secondary trauma in doctors who are involved in treating people infected with COVID-19. Method: The study was conducted by using cross-sectional research design. The sample consisted of 78 doctors who were working as frontline workers in dealing with COVID-19 patients. Online google form was \u0000devised to collect data from the participants by employing convenient sampling technique. The google form comprised of demographic questionnaire and two scales i.e., Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy scale and Compassion Fatigue scale. Two primary hypotheses were formulated i.e., there would likely be a negative relationship between secondary trauma self-efficacy and compassion fatigue in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients and secondary trauma self-efficacy would likely predict secondary trauma and job burnout in doctors dealing with coronavirus patients. The hypotheses were tested through SPSS software by conducting Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was significant negative relationship between Secondary Trauma Self- Efficacy and Compassion Fatigue (r= -0.54, p","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85166168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5394
P. Pradhan, Md Khurshid Alam Hyder, Sarah Tareen, E. Tarin
The objective of this paper is to share Nepali experience of maternal death surveillance and response in reducing preventable maternal deaths. Secondary data, mainly an assessment report of Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response system, is used in developing this paper. To bridge the information gap, informal discussions were held with key informants. Reducing maternal mortality is an unfinished agenda of millennium development goals, which is carried over to sustainable development goals era. Nepal, building on an ongoing initiative of Maternal Death Review, established a Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response system. It comprises: (a) maternal death review and response in community; and (b) maternal death review and response in hospitals. Until 2019, 11 districts implemented the former component, while 77 hospitals practiced the latter. The main reason underlying maternal death was delay in getting adequate care. Social factors contributed to delay in 89.6% of cases, while in 10.4% of cases, it was attributed to factors in health care. The paper concludes that public health measures and improved service quality was key in preventing maternal deaths. It is, however, imperative to undertake an in-depth review and thereby define interventions for strengthening and upscaling the initiative.
{"title":"Maternal Deaths Surveillance and Response System: A Case of Nepal","authors":"P. Pradhan, Md Khurshid Alam Hyder, Sarah Tareen, E. Tarin","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5394","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to share Nepali experience of maternal death surveillance and response in reducing \u0000preventable maternal deaths. Secondary data, mainly an assessment report of Maternal and Perinatal Death \u0000Surveillance and Response system, is used in developing this paper. To bridge the information gap, informal \u0000discussions were held with key informants. Reducing maternal mortality is an unfinished agenda of millennium \u0000development goals, which is carried over to sustainable development goals era. Nepal, building on an ongoing \u0000initiative of Maternal Death Review, established a Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response \u0000system. It comprises: (a) maternal death review and response in community; and (b) maternal death review \u0000and response in hospitals. Until 2019, 11 districts implemented the former component, while 77 hospitals practiced the latter. The main reason underlying maternal death was delay in getting adequate care. Social factors contributed to delay in 89.6% of cases, while in 10.4% of cases, it was attributed to factors in health care. The paper concludes that public health measures and improved service quality was key in preventing maternal deaths. It is, however, imperative to undertake an in-depth review and thereby define interventions for strengthening and upscaling the initiative.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73865622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5396
Ayasha Iram, Raheel Tahir, A. Akhtar, Madiha Mariam, Zahra Zafar
Background: Alopecia areata is a prevalent, immune-mediated disease that targets anagen hair follicles in gentically predisposed individuals. Their are various treatment modalities of different Ecco Ay and safety for treatment of this chronic ailment. Bimatoprost, a prostamide analog have been recognised with the potential of increased hair growth and can be used as an alternative treatment option. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% with mometasone furoate 0.1%in the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard. Methods: This was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial done in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan (NHM). The duration of the study was from August 2020 to March 2021. 60 patients with patchy AA having upto 5 patches with a maximum diameter of 5cm in longest dimension involving eyebrows, scalp and beard were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either Group A (topical bimatoprost 0.03% solution twice daily) or Group B (topical mometasone furoate 0.1% cream once daily) for a period of 3 months. Patients were called for assessment monthly (every 4 weeks) and clinical photographs of the site of treatment were taken. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by subjective improvement of hair growth at the site of hair loss by two physicians as no, mild, moderate and good hair regrowth depending on the percentage of hair re-growth. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results: At the end of 3 months of treatment, 29 out of 30 (97%) patients of Group B responded to the treatment, while 24 out of 30 (80%) Group A patients responded to the treatment. The response to both treatments was found statistically significant and the p-value was 0.000. Group B treated patients were better in their percentage of hair re-growth, speed of recovery, patient satisfaction and were devoid of any documented side effects. Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% solution (topical), owing to its safety and efficacy represent a better therapeutic option for the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard.
背景:斑秃是一种普遍的，免疫介导的疾病，目标是在遗传易感个体的毛囊生长期。他们是不同的治疗方式，不同的生态和安全的治疗这种慢性疾病。比马前列素是一种前列腺胺类似物，人们已经认识到它具有促进头发生长的潜力，可以作为一种替代治疗选择。目的:比较0.03%比马前列素与0.1%糠酸莫米松治疗累及眉、头皮、胡须的AA的疗效和安全性。方法:这是一项随机单盲临床试验，在木尔坦Nishtar医院皮肤科门诊部进行。研究时间为2020年8月至2021年3月。60例斑状AA患者，最长尺寸为5个斑块，最大直径为5cm，涉及眉毛、头皮和胡须，被纳入研究，随机分配到a组(0.03%比马前列素溶液，每日两次)或B组(0.1%糠酸莫米松乳膏，每日一次)，为期3个月。每个月(每4周)对患者进行评估，并拍摄治疗部位的临床照片。两位医生根据脱发部位头发生长的主观改善情况，根据头发再生的百分比，对治疗的反应进行临床评估，分为无、轻度、中度和良好的头发再生。数据采用SPSS version 21进行分析。结果:治疗3个月时，B组30例患者中有29例(97%)对治疗有应答，A组30例患者中有24例(80%)对治疗有应答。两种治疗的疗效均有统计学意义，p值为0.000。B组治疗的患者在头发再生百分比、恢复速度、患者满意度和没有任何记录的副作用方面都更好。结论:0.03%比马前列素溶液(外用)安全、有效，是治疗眉、头皮、胡须等部位AA的较好选择。
{"title":"Topical Bimatoprost (0.03%) Versus Topical Mometasone Furoate (0.1%) in Treatment of Alopecia Areata","authors":"Ayasha Iram, Raheel Tahir, A. Akhtar, Madiha Mariam, Zahra Zafar","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5396","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alopecia areata is a prevalent, immune-mediated disease that targets anagen hair follicles in gentically predisposed individuals. Their are various treatment modalities of different Ecco Ay and safety for treatment of this chronic ailment. Bimatoprost, a prostamide analog have been recognised with the potential of increased hair growth and can be used as an alternative treatment option. \u0000Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% with mometasone furoate 0.1%in the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard. \u0000Methods: This was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial done in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan (NHM). The duration of the study was from August 2020 to March 2021. 60 patients with patchy AA having upto 5 patches with a maximum diameter of 5cm in longest dimension involving eyebrows, scalp and beard were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either Group A (topical bimatoprost 0.03% solution twice daily) or Group B (topical mometasone furoate 0.1% cream once daily) for a period of 3 months. Patients were called for assessment monthly (every 4 weeks) and clinical photographs \u0000of the site of treatment were taken. Response to the treatment was assessed clinically by subjective improvement of hair growth at the site of hair loss by two physicians as no, mild, moderate and good hair regrowth depending on the percentage of hair re-growth. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. \u0000Results: At the end of 3 months of treatment, 29 out of 30 (97%) patients of Group B responded to the treatment, while 24 out of 30 (80%) Group A patients responded to the treatment. The response to both treatments was found statistically significant and the p-value was 0.000. Group B treated patients were better in their percentage of hair re-growth, speed of recovery, patient satisfaction and were devoid of any documented side effects. \u0000Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% solution (topical), owing to its safety and efficacy represent a better therapeutic option for the treatment of AA involving eyebrows, scalp and beard.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74401229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5346
Hina Shafi, M. Afzal, Manan Khan, M. Ashfaq, Sana Bashir
Objective: To determine the role of post isometric relaxation of quadriceps and core stability exercises in vertical jump performance. Methods: A Randomized Clinical Trial, conducted in Islamic International University after having the ethical permission from Institutional review Board of Riphah International University Islamabad. Sampling technique was Non-probability convenience sampling with the sample size of 30 athletes, that were divided by sealed and envelop method into core stability exercise treated group (n=17) and Post isometric relaxation treated group (n= 13). Male Athletes within age range of 20-35 years and playing at the domestic level were included and athletes with history of sprain or strain in lower limbs within last 6 month, having neuromusculoskeletal and cardiovascular pathology were excluded from the study. Force plate was used to measure the different parameters of jump. Data were entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of group A and B was 20.35 + 2.01 and 20.03 + 2.42 in years respectively. BMI of core stability exercise treated group and Post isometric relaxation treated group was 22.35 + 2.32, 22.58 + 1.95 respectively in kg/m2. Comparison between core stability exercise treated group and Post isometric relaxation treated group showed that there was no significant immediate effects (F= 1.235; p= 0.852) of treatment on three style of jumps. Conclusion: No significant immediate effects of treatment on three styles of jumps was found.
{"title":"Role of Post-Isometric Relaxation of Quadriceps and Core Stability Exercises in Vertical Jump Performance","authors":"Hina Shafi, M. Afzal, Manan Khan, M. Ashfaq, Sana Bashir","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5346","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the role of post isometric relaxation of quadriceps and core stability exercises in vertical jump performance. Methods: A Randomized Clinical Trial, conducted in Islamic International University after having the ethical permission from Institutional review Board of Riphah International University Islamabad. Sampling technique was Non-probability convenience sampling with the sample size of 30 athletes, that were divided by sealed and envelop method into core stability exercise treated group (n=17) and Post isometric relaxation treated group (n= 13). Male Athletes within age range of 20-35 years and playing at the domestic level were \u0000included and athletes with history of sprain or strain in lower limbs within last 6 month, having neuromusculoskeletal and cardiovascular pathology were excluded from the study. Force plate was used to measure the different parameters of jump. Data were entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of group A and B was 20.35 + 2.01 and 20.03 + 2.42 in years respectively. BMI of core stability exercise treated group and Post isometric relaxation treated group was 22.35 + 2.32, 22.58 + 1.95 respectively in kg/m2. Comparison between core stability exercise treated group and Post isometric relaxation treated group showed that there was no significant immediate effects (F= 1.235; p= 0.852) of treatment on three style of jumps. \u0000Conclusion: No significant immediate effects of treatment on three styles of jumps was found.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5355
S. Waqar, Sana Sharafat Ali, Fahad Akhtar, Sidra Rauf, Azaz Ayubi
Retained surgical sponge (Gossypiboma) in the abdominal cavity following surgery is a serious complication that can be avoided. The incidence is variable and underreported, because of medico-legal consequences, but also patient remains aymptomatic. Retained sponge can erode the bowel leading to partial or complete bowel obstruction. Transmural migration of the surgical sponge is a rare entity. We present a case of intraluminal migration of gossypiboma that spontaneously expulsed through rectum with favorable recovery.
{"title":"Intraluminal Migration of Gossypiboma and Rectal Expulsion - Case Report","authors":"S. Waqar, Sana Sharafat Ali, Fahad Akhtar, Sidra Rauf, Azaz Ayubi","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5355","url":null,"abstract":"Retained surgical sponge (Gossypiboma) in the abdominal cavity following surgery is a serious complication that can be avoided. The incidence is variable and underreported, because of medico-legal consequences, but also patient remains aymptomatic. Retained sponge can erode the bowel leading to partial or complete bowel obstruction. Transmural migration of the surgical sponge is a rare entity. We present a case of intraluminal migration of gossypiboma that spontaneously expulsed through rectum with favorable recovery.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91337395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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