Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5084
Sana Tariq, Basma Zia Isran, S. Kiani, Rabiya Shabir
Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy results in impaired oxygen transport to the fetus and may result in intrauterine growth Retardation, low birth weight, small for gestational size, and neonatal death. Objective: This study is to assess the risk of small for gestational age in anemic pregnant females. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study, Data was gathered from April 2019- to July 2020, all pregnant females registered in the gynecology department of Life-line hospital during the study were enrolled after signing informed consent. After laboratory investigation participants were divided into two groups, Group A had non-anemic and group B had anemic females. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Continuous data is interpreted as mean and standard deviation. To assess the correlation between categorical variables chi-square test was performed, p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 500 participants were included in the study, 21-25 years mothers were reported as non-anemic and anemic with frequency of 165 and 100 respectively, While 25-30 years were 218 and 107 respectively. Gravidity of participants indicated a higher prevalence of anemia in mothers of 1 – 3 children with 156/302 participants falling in the category of parity 1-3. To assess the odds of getting SGA as a fetal outcome in anemic mothers, the OR test was performed and the result indicated a positive ratio (1.4) Conclusion: This study indicated a higher prevalence rate of small for gestational age in anemic mothers as compared to non-anemic, expressing the need for better nutritional and psychological assessments of reproductive-age females in Pakistan.
妊娠期贫血可导致向胎儿输送氧气受损，并可能导致宫内生长迟缓、出生体重低、胎体小和新生儿死亡。目的:本研究的目的是评估小胎龄贫血孕妇的风险。方法:这是一项前瞻性横断面研究，数据收集于2019年4月- 2020年7月，所有在研究期间在Life-line医院妇科登记的孕妇在签署知情同意书后入组。经实验室调查，参与者分为两组，A组为非贫血女性，B组为贫血女性。采用SPSS version 20对数据进行分析。连续数据被解释为平均值和标准差。对分类变量间的相关性进行卡方检验，以p值< 0.05为显著性。结果:共纳入500名参与者，21-25岁的母亲报告为无贫血和贫血的频率分别为165和100,25-30岁的母亲报告为218和107。参与者的妊娠情况表明，1-3个孩子的母亲中贫血的患病率较高，156/302名参与者落在胎次1-3的类别中。为了评估贫血母亲获得SGA作为胎儿结局的几率，进行了OR测试，结果显示为阳性比率(1.4)。结论:该研究表明，与非贫血母亲相比，贫血母亲的小胎龄患病率更高，这表明需要对巴基斯坦育龄女性进行更好的营养和心理评估。
{"title":"Maternal Anemia and Risk of Small for Gestational Age","authors":"Sana Tariq, Basma Zia Isran, S. Kiani, Rabiya Shabir","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5084","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy results in impaired oxygen transport to the fetus and may result in intrauterine growth Retardation, low birth weight, small for gestational size, and neonatal death. Objective: This study is to assess the risk of small for gestational age in anemic pregnant females. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study, Data was gathered from April 2019- to July 2020, all pregnant females registered in the gynecology department of Life-line hospital during the study were enrolled after signing informed consent. After laboratory investigation participants were divided into two groups, Group A had non-anemic and group B had anemic \u0000females. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Continuous data is interpreted as mean and standard deviation. To assess the correlation between categorical variables chi-square test was performed, p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 500 participants were included in the study, 21-25 years mothers were reported as non-anemic and anemic with frequency of 165 and 100 respectively, While 25-30 years were 218 and 107 respectively. Gravidity of participants indicated a higher prevalence of anemia in mothers of 1 – 3 children with 156/302 participants falling in the category of parity 1-3. To assess the odds of getting SGA as a fetal outcome in anemic mothers, the OR test was performed and the result indicated a positive ratio (1.4) Conclusion: This study indicated a higher prevalence rate of small for gestational age in anemic mothers as compared to non-anemic, expressing the need for better nutritional and psychological assessments of reproductive-age females in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89462731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113
M. Bukhari, Shumaila Liaqat, Maedeh Goodarzain
Since the pandemic and then now since vaccination, many new signs and symptoms are being observed symptoms of long COVID. In spite of the fact that most individuals with COVID-19 get better within weeks of their sickness, but a small numbers of individuals encounter “Post-COVID” conditions. This is called “long COVID” syndrome if these remain with symptoms after four weeks of first being infected with “SARS-CoV-2”, that causes “COVID-19”. Most common long COVID symptoms, include brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, and depression are important symptoms experienced by Post- COVID-19 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups, the Post-COVID-19 patients, for up to 4-12 weeks following the infection, and Post-COVIC-19 Syndrome (PCS) for more than 12 weeks.
{"title":"The Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders and Brain Fog in Post-COVID19 Syndrome (PCS)","authors":"M. Bukhari, Shumaila Liaqat, Maedeh Goodarzain","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113","url":null,"abstract":"Since the pandemic and then now since vaccination, many new signs and symptoms are being observed symptoms of long COVID. In spite of the fact that most individuals with COVID-19 get better within weeks of their sickness, but a small numbers of individuals encounter “Post-COVID” conditions. This is called “long COVID” syndrome if these remain with symptoms after four weeks of first being infected with “SARS-CoV-2”, that causes “COVID-19”. Most common long COVID symptoms, include brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, and depression are important symptoms experienced by Post- COVID-19 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups, the Post-COVID-19 patients, for up to 4-12 weeks following the infection, and Post-COVIC-19 Syndrome (PCS) for more than 12 weeks.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82335628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5079
S. Afzal, K. Junaid
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted globally in September 2015 as a set of universal and transformative goals and targets to be implemented by 2030. The 17 development goals include 169 concise, global, and applicable to all countries; developing and developed—the SDGs address three interconnected dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. Health is interconnected with social, economic, and developmental/environmental determinants. 1 The SDGs include 244 indicators related to the five Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership. The SDGs are more comprehensive and people-centered than the MDGs, with the commitment to & quot; leave no one behind, & quot; i.e., reach vulnerable populations. Among the SDGs, Goal 3 directs countries to & quot; Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages & quot;; SDG3 includes 13 targets, four of which address implementation. 2 Thirteen SDGs are related to health and well-being and may be informed by less than 169 indicators. SDG 3 addresses chronic diseases, tobacco, alcohol, narcotics use, mental health, road safety, and pollution. However, health is not solely a component of Goal 3. Throughout the majority of the SDGs, some targets have a direct or indirect effect on health gains and thus require special consideration when developing strategies, policies, and plans to achieve the health goal and monitor progress. 2,3
{"title":"The Sustainable Development Goals: A Way Forward for Pakistan","authors":"S. Afzal, K. Junaid","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5079","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted globally in September 2015 as a set of universal and transformative goals and targets to be implemented by 2030. The 17 development goals include 169 concise, global, and applicable to all countries; developing and developed—the SDGs address three interconnected dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. Health is interconnected with social, economic, and developmental/environmental determinants. 1 The SDGs include 244 indicators related to the five Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership. The SDGs are more comprehensive and people-centered than the MDGs, with the commitment to & quot; leave no one behind, & quot; i.e., reach vulnerable populations. Among the SDGs, Goal 3 directs countries to & quot; Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages & quot;; SDG3 includes 13 targets, four of which address implementation. 2 Thirteen SDGs are related to health and well-being and may be informed by less than 169 indicators. SDG 3 addresses chronic diseases, tobacco, alcohol, narcotics use, mental health, road safety, and pollution. However, health is not solely a component of Goal 3. Throughout the majority of the SDGs, some targets have a direct or indirect effect on health gains and thus require special consideration when developing strategies, policies, and plans to achieve the health goal and monitor progress. 2,3","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77345140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5082
Nawaz Rashid, Zi Rehman, I. H. Dogar, K. Hashmi, Fareeha Nawaz
Objective: The current gold standard for the diagnosis of ureteric stones in patients with a stent in situ is ureteroscopy but this study is planned to determine the positive predictive value of computerized tomography (CT) scan among such patients. Methods: This study involved patients who had ureteral stent in situ and were referred for re-evaluation of residual stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. These patients underwent CT-scan for detection of ureteric stone. Later on, ureteroscopy was performed and ureteric stone was confirmed on direct visualization. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.2±8.9 years. Male to female ratio of 1.7:1. CT scan shows a stone in 252 patients (70.2%) out of which 165 (46.0%) were confirmed on ureteroscopy. This yielded a sensitivity of 88.7 %, specificity of 49.7 %, positive predictive value of 65.5%, negative predictive value of 80.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 69.9% of CT for detecting ureteric calculi in patients with ureteric stents (p value < 0.0001). Conclusion: CT scan owing to its limited diagnostic accuracy cannot replace ureteroscopy for detection of ureteric stones in patients with ureteric stents.
{"title":"Predictability of Computerized Tomography as Compared to Ureteroscopy in Detection of Ureteric Stone in Patients with Indwelling Stents","authors":"Nawaz Rashid, Zi Rehman, I. H. Dogar, K. Hashmi, Fareeha Nawaz","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5082","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current gold standard for the diagnosis of ureteric stones in patients with a stent in situ is ureteroscopy but this study is planned to determine the positive predictive value of computerized tomography (CT) scan among such patients. Methods: This study involved patients who had ureteral stent in situ and were referred for re-evaluation of residual stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. These patients underwent CT-scan for detection of ureteric stone. Later on, ureteroscopy was performed and ureteric stone was confirmed on direct visualization. Results: The mean age of the patients was 32.2±8.9 years. Male to female ratio of 1.7:1. CT scan shows a stone in 252 patients (70.2%) out of which 165 (46.0%) were confirmed on ureteroscopy. This yielded a sensitivity of 88.7 %, specificity of 49.7 %, positive predictive value of 65.5%, negative predictive value of 80.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 69.9% of CT \u0000for detecting ureteric calculi in patients with ureteric stents (p value < 0.0001). Conclusion: CT scan owing to its limited diagnostic accuracy cannot replace ureteroscopy for detection of ureteric stones in patients with ureteric stents.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5107
Ayasha Iram, Raheel Tahir, A. Akhtar, Madiha Mariam, Zahra Zafar
Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that causes skin infections around the world through the bite of sand fly. This leads to the formation of cutaneous leishmaniasis and scars on the area that a cosmetically significant. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional metronidazole (5%) in comparison with intralesionalmeglumineantimonate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: In the current study 40 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis having upto 3 lesions on either upper limb, lower limb or trunk with a maximum diameter of 3cm in the longest dimension were included in the study and were randomly allocated to either group A (intralesional meglumineantimonate) or group B (intralesional metronidazole). Both treatments were given as intralesional injections on weekly basis, for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed and clinical photographs of the site of treatment were taken on every visit. The response was recorded according to the reduction in the size of the lesion, flattening of the lesion, change in colour, re-epithelialization and disappearance of signs of inflammation. More than 80% improvement to complete resolution of the lesion was considered as a cure. Results: At the end of 12 weeks of treatment 18 out of 20 (90%) patients in treatment group A (intralesional meglumine antimonite) were cured (mean 1.10, SD 0.308), while15 out of 20 (75%) patients responded to the treatment with intralesional metronidazole (mean 1.25, SD 0.444). Although, group A patients had a better cure rate than group B patients but the response to both treatments was found statistically significant and the p-value was 0.0001. Conclusion: This study denoted that cutaneous leishmaniasis best responds to intralesional meglumineantimonate butintralesional metronidazole is found to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for this chronic ailment.
{"title":"Intralesional Metronidazole (5%) VS Intralesional Meglumine Antimonate in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","authors":"Ayasha Iram, Raheel Tahir, A. Akhtar, Madiha Mariam, Zahra Zafar","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that causes skin infections around the world through the bite of sand fly. This leads to the formation of cutaneous leishmaniasis and scars on the area that a cosmetically significant. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional metronidazole (5%) in comparison with intralesionalmeglumineantimonate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: In the current study 40 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis having upto 3 lesions on either upper limb, lower \u0000limb or trunk with a maximum diameter of 3cm in the longest dimension were included in the study and were randomly allocated to either group A (intralesional meglumineantimonate) or group B (intralesional metronidazole). Both treatments were given as intralesional injections on weekly basis, for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed and clinical photographs of the site of treatment were taken on every visit. The response was recorded according to the reduction in the size of the lesion, flattening of the lesion, change in colour, re-epithelialization and disappearance of signs of inflammation. More than 80% improvement to complete resolution of the lesion was considered as a cure. Results: At the end of 12 weeks of treatment 18 out of 20 (90%) patients in treatment group A (intralesional meglumine antimonite) were cured (mean 1.10, SD 0.308), while15 out of 20 (75%) patients responded to the treatment with intralesional metronidazole (mean 1.25, SD 0.444). Although, group A patients had a better cure rate than group B patients but the response to both treatments was found statistically significant and the p-value was 0.0001. Conclusion: This study denoted that cutaneous leishmaniasis best responds to intralesional meglumineantimonate butintralesional metronidazole is found to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for this chronic ailment.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90795247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5081
Ammara Butt, Fur Haider, F. Saleem, M. Iftikhar, Farast Ali Dogar, Aamir Hamid
Background: Cannabis is the most frequently used substance among patients of schizophrenia. Past deliberate surveys have reported a strong association between cannabis abuse and schizophrenia. However; the whole frequency of cannabis abuse among schizophrenia patients remains ambiguous, as do the variables influencing this rate. Because cannabis abuse in schizophrenia is presently an active area of research, so there is a requirement for a fresh review particularly in our culture where studies are lacking on this topic. Objective: The current study explores the frequency of cannabis abuse among patients suffering from schizophrenia presenting in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Methods: Cross-sectional prospective research design was used. Sample of 381 diagnosed patients of schizophrenia using cannabis for at least one year was selected from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, by convenient sampling technique. Drug Abuse Screening Test was applied for the frequency of cannabis abuse. The data were stored and analysed in SPSS version 20. Results: The results revealed that cannabis abuse was present among 42.3% of the patients with schizophrenia. Chi-square analysis showed that there were significant differences among the frequencies of cannabis abuse regarding various age groups, where young age group had significantly higher ratio of cannabis abuse (p=.04). On using independent sample t-test for marital status and duration of the schizophrenia, it was found that cannabis abuse was significantly higher among unmarried patients (t=-4.24, p=.001), however, no significant differences were found for duration of schizophrenia (t=-1.50, p=0.43). Conclusion: The study highlights cannabis abuse is more prevalent in the males as compared to the females. Young age group of patients is more prone to cannabis. These findings can help to decrease the comorbidity of schizophrenia associated with cannabis abuse.
背景:大麻是精神分裂症患者中最常使用的物质。过去经过深思熟虑的调查报告了大麻滥用与精神分裂症之间的密切联系。然而;精神分裂症患者滥用大麻的总体频率仍然不明确，影响这一比率的变量也是如此。因为精神分裂症中的大麻滥用目前是一个活跃的研究领域，所以有必要进行新的审查，特别是在我们的文化中，缺乏对这一主题的研究。目的:目前的研究探讨在拉合尔三级保健医院的精神分裂症患者中大麻滥用的频率。方法:采用横断面前瞻性研究设计。采用方便抽样技术，从恒河公羊爵士医院选取381例使用大麻至少一年的精神分裂症确诊患者作为样本。滥用药物筛选试验适用于大麻滥用频率。数据在SPSS version 20中存储和分析。结果:42.3%的精神分裂症患者存在大麻滥用。卡方分析显示，不同年龄组的大麻滥用频率存在显著差异，其中年轻年龄组的大麻滥用比例显著高于年轻年龄组(p=.04)。对婚姻状况和精神分裂症病程进行独立样本t检验，发现未婚患者吸食大麻的比例显著高于未婚患者(t=-4.24, p=.001)，而精神分裂症病程差异无统计学意义(t=-1.50, p=0.43)。结论:该研究强调大麻滥用在男性中比在女性中更为普遍。年轻年龄组的病人更容易吸食大麻。这些发现有助于减少与大麻滥用有关的精神分裂症的合并症。
{"title":"Cannabis Abuse among Patients with Schizophrenia","authors":"Ammara Butt, Fur Haider, F. Saleem, M. Iftikhar, Farast Ali Dogar, Aamir Hamid","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5081","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabis is the most frequently used substance among patients of schizophrenia. Past deliberate surveys have reported a strong association between cannabis abuse and schizophrenia. However; the whole frequency of cannabis abuse among schizophrenia patients remains ambiguous, as do the variables influencing this rate. Because cannabis abuse in schizophrenia is presently an active area of research, so there is a requirement for a fresh review particularly in our culture where studies are lacking on this topic. Objective: The current study explores the frequency of cannabis abuse among patients suffering from schizophrenia presenting in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Methods: Cross-sectional prospective research design was used. Sample of 381 diagnosed patients of schizophrenia using cannabis for at least one year was selected from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, by convenient sampling technique. Drug Abuse \u0000Screening Test was applied for the frequency of cannabis abuse. The data were stored and analysed in SPSS version 20. Results: The results revealed that cannabis abuse was present among 42.3% of the patients with schizophrenia. Chi-square analysis showed that there were significant differences among the frequencies of cannabis abuse regarding various age groups, where young age group had significantly higher ratio of cannabis abuse (p=.04). On using independent sample t-test for marital status and duration of the schizophrenia, it was found that cannabis abuse was significantly higher among unmarried patients (t=-4.24, p=.001), however, no significant differences were found for duration of schizophrenia (t=-1.50, p=0.43). Conclusion: The study highlights cannabis abuse is more prevalent in the males as compared to the females. Young age group of patients is more prone to cannabis. These findings can help to decrease the comorbidity of schizophrenia associated with cannabis abuse.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5090
Z. Kamil, Qirat Qurban, Shehla Dareshani
Background: A gold standard surgical technique, trabeculectomy is used in the management of glaucoma which is not controlled medically to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) by creating a conduit via the sclera via which aqueous humor passes into the subconjunctival space through the anterior chamber. Objective: This study assesses the reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) with two suturing techniques during trabeculectomy with a triangular shaped scleral flap. Method: This study was carried out from January 2019 to June 2019 at BHY Hospital, Karachi and engaged patients belonging to either gender between 40 to 60 years of age. Patients included had primary open angle glaucoma with IOP > 24 mmHg despite full medical treatment. Patients having other types of glaucoma or previous history of undergoing trabeculectomy were excluded from the study. Trabeculectomy with triangular shaped scleral flap was performed on patients of both the groups with the difference being the number of sutures placed and their site. In group A, flap was approximated using a single suture, applied at the apex of the triangular tip, whereas two sutures were passed in group B on each side of the triangle close to the flap apex. Results: The study comprised a total of twenty-four patients divided in two equal groups. Mean age was 49.3±3.61 years. Mean pre-operative IOP in all the patients was 26.9±1.48 mmHg whereas post-operative mean IOP at the end of follow up was 14.0±2.08mmHg in group A and 15.1±1.67mmHg in group B patients (p = 0.181). Two patients of group A reported hypotony in the immediate postoperative period which was managed conservatively where as one patient from group A and one patient from group B required revision surgery owing to episcleral fibrosis. Conclusion: Both techniques were found to be equally effective for lowering the IOP with similar minimal risk profile.
{"title":"Outcomes of Suturing Triangular Shaped Trabeculectomy Flap Using Single Versus Double Suture Techniques","authors":"Z. Kamil, Qirat Qurban, Shehla Dareshani","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5090","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A gold standard surgical technique, trabeculectomy is used in the management of glaucoma which is not controlled medically to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) by creating a conduit via the sclera via which aqueous humor passes into the subconjunctival space through the anterior chamber. Objective: This study assesses the reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) with two suturing techniques during trabeculectomy with a triangular shaped scleral flap. Method: This study was carried out from January 2019 to June 2019 at BHY Hospital, Karachi and engaged patients belonging to either gender between 40 to 60 years of age. Patients included had primary open angle glaucoma with IOP > 24 mmHg despite full medical treatment. Patients having other types of glaucoma or previous history of undergoing trabeculectomy were excluded from the study. Trabeculectomy with triangular shaped scleral flap was performed on patients of both the groups with the difference being the number of sutures placed and their site. In group A, flap was approximated using a single suture, applied at the apex of the triangular tip, whereas two sutures were passed in group B on each side of the triangle close to the flap apex. Results: The study comprised a total of twenty-four patients divided in two equal groups. Mean age was 49.3±3.61 years. Mean pre-operative IOP in all the patients was 26.9±1.48 mmHg whereas post-operative mean IOP at the end of follow up was 14.0±2.08mmHg in group A and 15.1±1.67mmHg in group B patients (p = 0.181). Two patients of group A reported \u0000hypotony in the immediate postoperative period which was managed conservatively where as one patient from group A and one patient from group B required revision surgery owing to episcleral fibrosis. Conclusion: Both techniques were found to be equally effective for lowering the IOP with similar minimal risk profile.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5104
S. Anwar
In our society, nursing up till now could earn its role as a vocation instead of being a profession. By definition, a profession is the set of activities that persons perform to earn money, and the rules are prescribed by a society knowledge and skills attained based on by 1 training . Actually, the nurses have been struggling hard for many years to achieve professional status. The existence of a body of knowledge distinct from other disciplines is a distinguishing feature of a profession. Several sources of knowledge laid down the foundation of nursing and their practice for better quality of care including tradition, authority, borrowed knowledge, trial, and error. However, recently they directed their efforts to establish an overt body of knowledge so that nursing can be undoubtedly recognized as a diverse profession.
{"title":"The Versatile but Undermined Role of the Nursing Profession Needs the Attention of Health Planners and other Stakeholders","authors":"S. Anwar","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5104","url":null,"abstract":"In our society, nursing up till now could earn its role as a vocation instead of being a profession. By definition, a profession is the set of activities that persons perform to earn money, and the rules are prescribed by a society knowledge and skills attained based on by \u00001 training . Actually, the nurses have been struggling hard for many years to achieve professional status. The existence of a body of knowledge distinct from other disciplines is a distinguishing feature of a profession. Several sources of knowledge laid down the foundation of nursing and their practice for better quality of care including tradition, authority, borrowed knowledge, trial, and error. However, recently they directed their efforts to establish an overt body of knowledge so that nursing can be undoubtedly recognized as a diverse profession.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89217507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5088
Q. Javaid, F. Kamal, M. Iqbal, A. Naz, M. Iqbal, Farah Kalsoom
Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is more common in elderly males than females. Urothelial (Transitional cell) carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Objective: The purpose of present study was to describe the different histological features observed in transurethral resection of bladder tissue and to determine the association of tumor grade with stage and also of the age with grade and stage of tumor. Methods: An analytical Cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Pathology Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore, Pakistan from August 2019 – April 2021. Total 80 specimens of transurethral resection of bladder tissue (TURBT) were included. All the specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hemotoxylin Eosin stain and studied under the light microscope. urinary bladder malignancies were classified, staged and graded according to the WHO/ISUP guidelines. Results: Total n=80 cases were included in the study. Mean age of the male patients was 59± 1.13 years and 50±1.1 years in females. N=76(95%) were malignant and only 4 (5%) were benign cases. Out of 76(95%) malignant cases, 48 (63.1%) were high grade urothelial carcinoma and 28 (36.8%) were low grade carcinoma. N=33 (43.4%) were invading the lamina propria (T1) and 43 (56.5%) were invading the detrusor muscle (T2).Low grade tumors showed lamina propria invasion (T1) in 18 (64.2%) cases and muscular invasion (T2) was seen in only 10(35.7%) cases. N=33(68.7%) of high grade tumor were invading the deep muscle (T2) and 15 (31.2%) were limited to lamina propria (T1). Tumor with high grade morphology were diagnosed at advanced stage and was observed more frequent in elderly patients. Statistically significant association of tumor histological grade with stage and also of patient's age with tumor grade and stage was observed p
{"title":"Histological Spectrums in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tissue","authors":"Q. Javaid, F. Kamal, M. Iqbal, A. Naz, M. Iqbal, Farah Kalsoom","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5088","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is more common in elderly males than females. Urothelial (Transitional cell) carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Objective: The purpose of present study was to describe the different histological features observed in transurethral resection of bladder tissue and to determine the association of tumor grade with stage and also of the age with grade and stage of tumor. Methods: An analytical Cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Pathology Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore, Pakistan from August 2019 – April 2021. Total 80 specimens of transurethral resection of bladder tissue (TURBT) \u0000were included. All the specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hemotoxylin Eosin stain and studied under the light microscope. urinary bladder malignancies were classified, staged and graded according to the WHO/ISUP guidelines. Results: Total n=80 cases were included in the study. Mean age of the male patients was 59± 1.13 years and 50±1.1 years in females. N=76(95%) were malignant and only 4 (5%) were benign cases. Out of 76(95%) malignant cases, 48 (63.1%) were high grade urothelial carcinoma and 28 (36.8%) were low grade carcinoma. N=33 (43.4%) were invading the lamina propria (T1) and 43 (56.5%) were invading the detrusor muscle (T2).Low grade tumors showed lamina propria invasion (T1) in 18 (64.2%) cases and muscular invasion (T2) was seen in only 10(35.7%) cases. N=33(68.7%) of high grade tumor were invading the deep muscle (T2) and 15 (31.2%) were limited to lamina propria (T1). Tumor with high grade morphology were diagnosed at advanced stage and was observed more frequent in elderly patients. Statistically significant association of tumor histological grade with stage and also of patient's age with tumor grade and stage was observed p","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87106503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has taken so many lives and has contributed to an increase in morbidity due to its complications. The research is still in infancy and much has yet to be investigated. Objective: To correlate the HRCT findings on chest with antibody testing in patients visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-two patients with mild, moderate and severe symptoms of COVID 19 were recruited. Those with raised CRP levels were sent for HRCT chest and PCR testing as protocol of the hospitals. All patients were tested with Rapid antibody kits for reactivity. Results: Showed that males were affected more than females. Similarly, non-health care workers were more affected. All patients with bilateral involvement of lungs on HRCT chest and positive PCR findings also tested reactive on antibody testing. However, a few people with bilateral lung involvement and negative on PCR testing got reactive results on Rapid antibody testing. Linear regression model shows significant correlation of HRCT chest findings with Ant-SARC- COV 2 antibodies. Conclusion: HRCT findings (Unilateral and bilateral lung infiltrates) correlated significantly with Anti SARC-COV 2 Antibodies.
{"title":"Correlation of Radiological Findings (High Resolution Computed Tomography Chest) with Anti-SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals","authors":"A. Jaleel, Mazhar Shafique, Samar Asim, Kiran Namoos, Sadaf Saleem Uppal, Saleem Pervaiz","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has taken so many lives and has contributed to an increase in morbidity due to its complications. The research is still in infancy and much has yet to be investigated. Objective: To correlate the HRCT findings on chest with antibody testing in patients visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-two patients with mild, moderate and severe symptoms of COVID 19 were recruited. Those with raised CRP levels were sent for HRCT chest and PCR testing as protocol of the hospitals. All patients were tested with Rapid antibody kits for reactivity. Results: Showed that males were affected more than females. Similarly, non-health care workers were more affected. All patients with bilateral involvement of lungs on HRCT chest and positive PCR findings also tested reactive on antibody testing. However, a few people with bilateral lung involvement and negative on PCR testing got reactive results on Rapid antibody testing. Linear regression model shows significant correlation of HRCT chest findings with Ant-SARC- COV 2 antibodies. Conclusion: HRCT findings (Unilateral and bilateral lung infiltrates) correlated significantly with Anti SARC-COV 2 Antibodies.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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