Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5119
Shahzaib Ahmad, Anum Sohail, Muhammad Abubakar Shahid Chishti, T. Azeem
There are various strategies used for treating ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Among those approaches, Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the current treatment of choice for STEMI as it reperfuses the ischaemic cardiac tissue with fewer reported adverse events and a better survival rate. Although thrombolytic therapy is still used for STEMI in approximation, the benefits of PPCI outweigh thrombolytic therapy as thrombolytic therapy is associated with higher bleeding events and higher morbidity. The barriers in implementing a PPCI program and regional differences arise due to limited technologies, lack of proper training of first responders, lack of public awareness, and transport facilities and finances. Therefore, treatment varies between different regions of countries and even between different countries, including Pakistan. PPCI should be used in a timely manner as delayed use of this intervention can significantly reduce the benefits. We lack a coordinated approach to the delivery of this system in Pakistan; mainly, the paramedical staff is not fully familiarised and trained for making a definite diagnosis and lacks referral portals. We need a comprehensive approach and program to identify factors that cause a delay in providing PPCI to STEMI patients and to eliminate the factors responsible for the delay. This will help in improving the survival rate morbidity in STEMI patients.
{"title":"Prevalence of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in Pakistan and the Role of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI)","authors":"Shahzaib Ahmad, Anum Sohail, Muhammad Abubakar Shahid Chishti, T. Azeem","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5119","url":null,"abstract":"There are various strategies used for treating ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Among those approaches, Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the current treatment of choice for STEMI as it reperfuses the ischaemic cardiac tissue with fewer reported adverse events and a better survival rate. Although thrombolytic therapy is still used for STEMI in approximation, the benefits of PPCI outweigh thrombolytic therapy as thrombolytic therapy is associated with higher bleeding events and higher morbidity. The barriers in implementing a PPCI program and regional differences arise due to limited technologies, lack of proper training of first responders, lack of public awareness, and transport facilities and finances. Therefore, treatment varies between different regions of countries and even between different countries, including Pakistan. PPCI should be used in a timely manner as delayed use of this intervention can significantly reduce the benefits. We lack a coordinated approach to the delivery of this system in Pakistan; mainly, the \u0000paramedical staff is not fully familiarised and trained for making a definite diagnosis and lacks referral portals. We need a comprehensive approach and program to identify factors that cause a delay in providing PPCI to STEMI patients and to eliminate the factors responsible for the delay. This will help in improving the survival rate morbidity in STEMI patients.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77903845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5116
N. Mumtaz, Rabiya Rasheed, Saima Gill, N. Bhatti
Child mortality is a serious global issue with more than two thirds of neonatal deaths caused by conditions that are preventable and can be treated by simple interventions. Diarrhea is among the most common causes for neonatal mortality and poor WASH (Water and Sanitation Hygiene) is the biggest cause of diarrhoeal cases (90%). In Pakistan urbanization, industrialization, acute water shortage and population explosion adversely affect water quality. Furthermore, Pakistan faces the threat of acute water crisis due to climate change. This problem needs to be addressed. The child mortality rate can be reduced by focusing on optimisation of the direct interventions for diarrhoea. Also, improvement of WASH strategy, promotion of nutrition, vaccination, provision of properly treated water, ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy), mass education and collaboration among departments would be effective. Together we can overcome these barriers to improve the child mortality rate.
{"title":"Children in Pakistan are dying! Who is Responsible?","authors":"N. Mumtaz, Rabiya Rasheed, Saima Gill, N. Bhatti","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5116","url":null,"abstract":"Child mortality is a serious global issue with more than two thirds of neonatal deaths caused by conditions that are preventable and can be treated by simple interventions. Diarrhea is among the most common causes for neonatal mortality and poor WASH (Water and Sanitation Hygiene) is the biggest cause of diarrhoeal cases (90%). In Pakistan urbanization, industrialization, acute water shortage and population explosion adversely affect water quality. Furthermore, Pakistan faces the threat of acute water crisis due to climate change. This problem needs to be addressed. The child mortality rate can be reduced by focusing on optimisation of the direct interventions for diarrhoea. Also, improvement of WASH strategy, promotion of nutrition, vaccination, provision of properly treated water, ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy), mass education and collaboration among departments would be effective. Together we can overcome these barriers to improve the child mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83238196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5117
Ramisha Aslam, Sam K Suhail, Rabeea Sajid, Bilal Bin Younis
The rising incidence of diabetes has become one of the major health problems worldwide. It is especially overburdening low-income countries like Pakistan which ranks 4th in diabetes prevalence. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the current approach to diabetes management in Pakistan and to highlight its deficiencies. It also discusses the future strategies that can help Pakistan to reduce the rising disease burden. Information was collected from the publications which were searched on 'Google scholar' and 'PubMed'. The latest data provided by IDF has shown diabetes prevalence in Pakistan to be 17.1% in 2019; 148% higher than previous reporting. The major obstacles in the effective management of diabetes are lack of resources, societal barriers and patient related issues. In order to reduce the load of diabetes, combined efforts of government, health care professionals and patients are required. In future, diabetes education of the patients as well as HealthCare providers, use of telemedicine for the management of chronic diseases and concept of precision medicine can be applied to decrease diabetes burden in Pakistan.
{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) in Pakistan: Prevalence, Trends and Management Strategies","authors":"Ramisha Aslam, Sam K Suhail, Rabeea Sajid, Bilal Bin Younis","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5117","url":null,"abstract":"The rising incidence of diabetes has become one of the major health problems worldwide. It is especially overburdening low-income countries like Pakistan which ranks 4th in diabetes prevalence. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the current approach to diabetes management in Pakistan and to highlight its deficiencies. It also discusses the future strategies that can help Pakistan to reduce the rising disease burden. Information was collected from the publications which were searched on 'Google scholar' and 'PubMed'. The latest data provided by IDF has shown diabetes prevalence in Pakistan to be 17.1% in 2019; 148% higher than previous reporting. The major obstacles in the effective management of diabetes are lack of resources, societal barriers and patient related issues. In order to reduce the load of diabetes, combined efforts of government, health care professionals and patients are required. In future, diabetes education of the patients as well as HealthCare providers, use of telemedicine for the management of chronic diseases and concept of precision medicine can be applied to decrease diabetes burden in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5083
A. Akhtar, M. Ijaz, Adeel Bashir, A. Khan
Background: Children often require sedation for long non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It mimics natural sleep and allows patients to easily arouse with minimal effects on respiration and airway patency. Objective: To assess the successful completion of pediatric non-invasive diagnostic procedures with intranasal dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent. Methods: Seventy-nine subjects of age six months to twelve years scheduled for non-invasive diagnostic procedures were included. Dexmedetomidine (4 mcg/kg) was administered intranasally 25 minutes before the scheduled time of procedure. A sedation score of two or above as per the MICHIGAN sedation scale was considered satisfactory for starting the procedure. Results: Seventy-four (95%) out of the seventy-nine subjects were successfully sedated with Intranasal dexmedetomidine (p
{"title":"Intranasal Dexmedetomidine as Sedative for Non-Invasive Pediatric Diagnostic Procedures Outside Operating Room","authors":"A. Akhtar, M. Ijaz, Adeel Bashir, A. Khan","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5083","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children often require sedation for long non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It mimics natural sleep and allows patients to easily arouse with minimal effects on respiration and airway patency. Objective: To assess the successful completion of pediatric non-invasive diagnostic procedures with intranasal dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent. Methods: Seventy-nine subjects of age six months to twelve years scheduled for non-invasive diagnostic procedures were included. Dexmedetomidine (4 mcg/kg) was administered intranasally 25 minutes before the scheduled time of procedure. A sedation score of two or above as per the MICHIGAN sedation scale was considered satisfactory for starting the procedure. Results: Seventy-four (95%) out of the seventy-nine subjects were successfully sedated with Intranasal dexmedetomidine (p","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81593077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5123
M. A. Bhatti, Muhammad Asad Azhar, Zohaib Hassan, Muhammad Ammar Agha, Syed Fahad Qadir Bukhari, Wajdan Aftab
An effective healthcare sector essentially relies on a strong primary healthcare system. The primary healthcare system governs all major aspects of preventive healthcare and family planning services including immunization, hygiene, communicable disease prevention, sanitation, etc. In addition to this, a major bottleneck limiting the quality of healthcare at secondary and tertiary health facilities is the very high patient footfall that these hospitals. The primary healthcare facilities are designed to be the first tier of facility that a patient falls onto, and hence is either treated there or referred to higher level facilities by screening and limiting patient flow to next levels. Supporting this tier hence helps reduce burden on secondary and tertiary facilities of patients that could have been treated at primary facilities and hence exponentially improve the quality of health services in these lager hospitals. The document discusses some of the major issues faced by the primary healthcare sector in Punjab. These issues were studied and analyzed in detail at South Punjab Health Department, which is an arm of the provincial health department governing 11 districts of Southern Punjab – districts where socio-economic conditions are generally much poorer than the rest of Punjab. This document discusses the initiative of Sehat Ghar, its model, potential to ensure basic health services delivery to the local population and its direct & indirect contribution to tackle major issues of primary healthcare in Punjab.
{"title":"The Sehat Ghar: An Innovation to Improve Primary Healthcare in Rural Punjab","authors":"M. A. Bhatti, Muhammad Asad Azhar, Zohaib Hassan, Muhammad Ammar Agha, Syed Fahad Qadir Bukhari, Wajdan Aftab","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5123","url":null,"abstract":"An effective healthcare sector essentially relies on a strong primary healthcare system. The primary healthcare system governs all major aspects of preventive healthcare and family planning services including immunization, hygiene, communicable disease prevention, sanitation, etc. In addition to this, a major bottleneck limiting the quality of healthcare at secondary and tertiary health facilities is the very high patient footfall that these hospitals. The primary healthcare facilities are designed to be the first tier of facility that a patient falls onto, and hence is either treated there or referred to higher level facilities by screening and limiting patient flow to next levels. Supporting this tier hence helps reduce burden on secondary and tertiary facilities of patients that could have been treated at primary facilities and hence exponentially improve the quality of health services in these lager hospitals. The document discusses some of the major issues faced by the primary healthcare sector in Punjab. These issues were studied and analyzed in detail at South Punjab Health Department, which is an arm of the provincial health department governing 11 districts of Southern Punjab – districts where socio-economic conditions are generally much poorer than the rest of Punjab. This document discusses the initiative of Sehat Ghar, its model, potential to ensure basic health services delivery to the local population and its direct & indirect contribution to tackle major issues of primary healthcare in Punjab.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74438894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5120
Wara Naeem, H. A. Nadeem, Ayesha Javed, Waqas Ahmed
In today's fast paced world, the use of Information Technology (IT) in dispensing quality healthcare forms a cornerstone for the development of any health system. While the standard of Medical Education and training is quickly gaining impetus within Pakistan, we are severely lacking in use of digital platforms and electronic records to aid the process of healthcare delivery. There's no dearth of talent in Pakistan; in the field of Medicine or IT. However, there is a considerable lack in the understanding of how IT can revolutionize healthcare delivery. We see that there is an urgent need for the governmental institutions and the private sector medical institutions to recognize the importance of digital health in making medical practice more effective, efficient and error proof; so that Pakistan can shake off the burden of a centuries old and obsolete system of healthcare delivery. Here, we propose our roadmap vision for development of digital health systems in Pakistan and propose basic initiatives that must be taken at the grass roots level to expedite this process.
{"title":"Digital Health and Future of Healthcare in Pakistan","authors":"Wara Naeem, H. A. Nadeem, Ayesha Javed, Waqas Ahmed","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5120","url":null,"abstract":"In today's fast paced world, the use of Information Technology (IT) in dispensing quality healthcare forms a cornerstone for the development of any health system. While the standard of Medical Education and training is quickly gaining impetus within Pakistan, we are severely lacking in use of digital platforms and electronic records to aid the process of healthcare delivery. There's no dearth of talent in Pakistan; in the field of Medicine or IT. However, there is a considerable lack in the understanding of how IT can revolutionize healthcare delivery. We see that there is an urgent need for the governmental institutions and the private sector medical institutions to recognize the importance of digital health in making medical practice more effective, efficient and error proof; so that Pakistan can shake off the burden of a centuries old and obsolete system of healthcare delivery. Here, we propose our roadmap vision for development of digital health systems in Pakistan and propose basic initiatives that must be taken at the grass roots level to expedite this process.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86465167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5095
M. Atiq, M. Haroon, Muhammad Imran Khan, A. Ammar, Wardah Khalid, F. Hanif
Among the four histopathological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma, Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It occurs in less than 1 % cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with distinct features as compared to classical HCC. It differs from typical HCC in terms of epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation and prognosis. In this case report we are going to present a case of fibrolamellar variety of HCC in a 20-year young male with no history of previous liver disease and no characteristics features on Computed Tomography (CT) scan when compared with typical HCC. After discussing in multidisciplinary meeting, he underwent non anatomical liver resection which remained uneventful. Histopathology of the biopsy sample revealed FLHCC. No neoadjuvant therapy was given. Patient was kept on 1 year follow-up and no recurrence or metastasis occurred.
{"title":"A Case Report of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Young Adult","authors":"M. Atiq, M. Haroon, Muhammad Imran Khan, A. Ammar, Wardah Khalid, F. Hanif","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5095","url":null,"abstract":"Among the four histopathological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma, Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It occurs in less than 1 % cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with distinct features as compared to classical HCC. It differs from typical HCC in terms of epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation and prognosis. In this case report we are going to present a case of fibrolamellar variety of HCC in a 20-year young male with no history of previous liver disease and no characteristics features on Computed Tomography (CT) scan when compared with typical HCC. After discussing in multidisciplinary meeting, he underwent non anatomical liver resection which remained uneventful. Histopathology of the biopsy sample revealed FLHCC. No neoadjuvant therapy was given. Patient was kept on 1 year follow-up and no recurrence or metastasis occurred.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82569665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5115
Bushra Khalid, Dure Najaf, Bisma Tahir, Abdul Bari Khan
Blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure. But there are several hurdles in safe blood administration which can cause transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) and acute transfusion reactions and even death. Besides, human errors anywhere in the transfusion chain add fuel to the fire. Blood borne Infections like Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are highly prevalent in Pakistan affecting about 7.4% of the general population. Among acute transfusion reactions, Febrile nonhemolytic reaction and the allergic reaction are the most common. Moreover, a variety of human errors and near-miss events in transfusion have been reported in the past. Technology has played an important contribution in upgrading the quality of life and healthcare. The main goal of this review is to point out the problems in blood transfusion and to hint at possible solutions with the use of Technology. In addition to following the WHO strategies for safe blood transfusion, blood safety can be ensured by incorporating haemovigilance systems, pathogen reduction technologies and certain approaches to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Human errors can be halted via a Management Information System called “Blood Bank Management Information System (BBMIS)” which can recognize and arrest such errors simultaneously.
{"title":"Solving problems in Blood transfusion with efficient technology","authors":"Bushra Khalid, Dure Najaf, Bisma Tahir, Abdul Bari Khan","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5115","url":null,"abstract":"Blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure. But there are several hurdles in safe blood administration which can cause transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) and acute transfusion reactions and even death. Besides, human errors anywhere in the transfusion chain add fuel to the fire. Blood borne Infections like Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are highly prevalent in Pakistan affecting about 7.4% of the general population. Among acute transfusion reactions, Febrile nonhemolytic reaction and the allergic reaction are the most common. Moreover, a variety of human errors and near-miss events in transfusion have been reported in the past. Technology has played an important contribution in upgrading the quality of life and healthcare. The main goal of this review is to point out the problems in blood transfusion and to hint at possible solutions with the use of Technology. In addition to following the WHO strategies for safe blood transfusion, blood safety can be ensured by incorporating haemovigilance systems, pathogen reduction technologies and certain approaches to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Human errors can be halted via a Management Information System called “Blood Bank Management Information System (BBMIS)” which can recognize and arrest such errors simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76140110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5114
Emaan Munir, Tehreem Saleemi, Haris Mahmood, Farooq Khan
Gastrointestinal endoscopy revolutionized the diagnostic as well as therapeutic paradigms of many gastrointestinal diseases. Advanced endoscopy procedures like ERCP and EUS have gained paramount importance in recent times. Structured training in basic as well as advanced endoscopy techniques is essential to boost the confidence of the trainee and ensure positive patient outcomes. This review article used the databases, published literature, and a large number of research journals to find out the latest data on the standards of advanced endoscopy training to improve patient care. To excel in the field of endoscopy, studies have established that an endoscopy trainee should be assessed based on his skill and expertise; not based on a particular number of procedures. The endoscopists must benchmark their performance against their peers to assess their competency. The training of endoscopists should be on real patients, in addition to practice on simulators. Also, training programs and curricula should be well structured. With advanced endoscopy being established across the world in patient-care, it is the need of the hour to establish standards and mechanisms for endoscopy training in Pakistan. The UK systems can offer a roadmap to achieve this goal.
{"title":"Advanced Endoscopy Training in UK –what's in there for Pakistan?","authors":"Emaan Munir, Tehreem Saleemi, Haris Mahmood, Farooq Khan","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5114","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal endoscopy revolutionized the diagnostic as well as therapeutic paradigms of many gastrointestinal diseases. Advanced endoscopy procedures like ERCP and EUS have gained paramount importance in recent times. Structured training in basic as well as advanced endoscopy techniques is essential to boost the confidence of the trainee and ensure positive patient outcomes. This review article used the databases, published literature, and a large number of research journals to find out the latest data on the standards of advanced endoscopy training to improve patient care. To excel in the field of endoscopy, studies have established that an endoscopy trainee should be assessed based on his skill and expertise; not based on a particular number of procedures. The endoscopists must benchmark their performance against their peers to assess their competency. The training of endoscopists should be on real patients, in addition to practice on simulators. Also, training programs and curricula should be well structured. With advanced endoscopy being established across the world in patient-care, it is the need of the hour to establish standards and mechanisms for endoscopy training in Pakistan. The UK systems can offer a roadmap to achieve this goal.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81776403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113
M. Bukhari, Shumaila Liaqat, Maedeh Goodarzain
Since the pandemic and then now since vaccination, many new signs and symptoms are being observed symptoms of long COVID. In spite of the fact that most individuals with COVID-19 get better within weeks of their sickness, but a small numbers of individuals encounter “Post-COVID” conditions. This is called “long COVID” syndrome if these remain with symptoms after four weeks of first being infected with “SARS-CoV-2”, that causes “COVID-19”. Most common long COVID symptoms, include brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, and depression are important symptoms experienced by Post- COVID-19 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups, the Post-COVID-19 patients, for up to 4-12 weeks following the infection, and Post-COVIC-19 Syndrome (PCS) for more than 12 weeks.
{"title":"The Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders and Brain Fog in Post-COVID19 Syndrome (PCS)","authors":"M. Bukhari, Shumaila Liaqat, Maedeh Goodarzain","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5113","url":null,"abstract":"Since the pandemic and then now since vaccination, many new signs and symptoms are being observed symptoms of long COVID. In spite of the fact that most individuals with COVID-19 get better within weeks of their sickness, but a small numbers of individuals encounter “Post-COVID” conditions. This is called “long COVID” syndrome if these remain with symptoms after four weeks of first being infected with “SARS-CoV-2”, that causes “COVID-19”. Most common long COVID symptoms, include brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, and depression are important symptoms experienced by Post- COVID-19 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups, the Post-COVID-19 patients, for up to 4-12 weeks following the infection, and Post-COVIC-19 Syndrome (PCS) for more than 12 weeks.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82335628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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