Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666230911123244
Sy Duong-Quy, Toi Nguyen-Van, Anh Nguyen-Tuan, Tram Tang-Thi-Thao, Quan Nguyen-Hoang, Huong Tran-Van, Anh Vo-Thi-Kim
Background: Sleep has an essential role in restoring brain activity and balancing physiological, immune, and metabolic factors in the body. Individuals, after being infected with COVID-19, have been reported to have quite a lot of symptoms related to sleep disorders, so we conducted this study to evaluate sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional design; 547 patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 and aged 18 years and above were included. The study used the questionnaire designed by the Vietnam Society of Sleep Medicine (VSSM). Collected data were statistically analyzed and results have been obtained using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: Nightmares have been found to be increased by 10.1%, sleep quality decreased by 51.2%, and insomnia increased by 19%, compared to pre-infection. There were 24% of participants with daytime sleepiness syndrome, 23% with symptoms of memory impairment, 17% with unexplained anxiety and frustration, and 10% with loud snoring. In addition, the manifestations of sleep disorders also became more and more severe than before the infection. 68.4% of subjects were not satisfied with their current sleeping, 29.1% had sleep difficulties, including maintaining sleep, and 19.4% had trouble falling asleep. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance is a critical and common medical condition in COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to have appropriate treatment measures for insomnia in COVID-19 patients to help improve their health status and avoid post-COVID-19 sequelae.
{"title":"The Impact of Acute COVID-19 Infection on Sleep Disorders: A Real-life Descriptive Study During the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam","authors":"Sy Duong-Quy, Toi Nguyen-Van, Anh Nguyen-Tuan, Tram Tang-Thi-Thao, Quan Nguyen-Hoang, Huong Tran-Van, Anh Vo-Thi-Kim","doi":"10.2174/1573398x19666230911123244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x19666230911123244","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep has an essential role in restoring brain activity and balancing physiological, immune, and metabolic factors in the body. Individuals, after being infected with COVID-19, have been reported to have quite a lot of symptoms related to sleep disorders, so we conducted this study to evaluate sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional design; 547 patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 and aged 18 years and above were included. The study used the questionnaire designed by the Vietnam Society of Sleep Medicine (VSSM). Collected data were statistically analyzed and results have been obtained using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: Nightmares have been found to be increased by 10.1%, sleep quality decreased by 51.2%, and insomnia increased by 19%, compared to pre-infection. There were 24% of participants with daytime sleepiness syndrome, 23% with symptoms of memory impairment, 17% with unexplained anxiety and frustration, and 10% with loud snoring. In addition, the manifestations of sleep disorders also became more and more severe than before the infection. 68.4% of subjects were not satisfied with their current sleeping, 29.1% had sleep difficulties, including maintaining sleep, and 19.4% had trouble falling asleep. Conclusion: Sleep disturbance is a critical and common medical condition in COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to have appropriate treatment measures for insomnia in COVID-19 patients to help improve their health status and avoid post-COVID-19 sequelae.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"115 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666230915103234
Monica Tosto, Andrea Giugno, Laura Sciuto, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Maria Papale, Alberto Terminella, Giacomo Cusumano, Sara Manti, Salvatore Leonardi
Background: Foreign body aspiration is common among older infants and toddlers and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It may escape notice by the physicians due to lack of knowledge of the exact history, high variability of clinical presentation, variable latency of the onset of symptoms, and inconclusive radiographical findings. Case report: We present a case series about children diagnosed with foreign body aspiration referred to the Pediatric Respiratory Unit of San Marco Hospital in Catania between January 2018 and November 2022. Data regarding demographic characteristics, symptoms, and type of foreign body were collected and analyzed. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is the key to therapeutic success and effective management of foreign body aspiration. We will review the literature to highlight the diagnostic difficulties related to this condition and the useful tools to recognize and manage it. The most essential part of foreign body aspiration treatment is prevention and the need to educate parents and primary care physicians. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to consider airway foreign bodies as a cause of cough unresponsive to therapy, recurrent wheezing, and relapsing pneumonia.
{"title":"Foreign Body Aspiration in Children: Retrospective Case Series and Literature Update","authors":"Monica Tosto, Andrea Giugno, Laura Sciuto, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Maria Papale, Alberto Terminella, Giacomo Cusumano, Sara Manti, Salvatore Leonardi","doi":"10.2174/1573398x19666230915103234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x19666230915103234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foreign body aspiration is common among older infants and toddlers and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It may escape notice by the physicians due to lack of knowledge of the exact history, high variability of clinical presentation, variable latency of the onset of symptoms, and inconclusive radiographical findings. Case report: We present a case series about children diagnosed with foreign body aspiration referred to the Pediatric Respiratory Unit of San Marco Hospital in Catania between January 2018 and November 2022. Data regarding demographic characteristics, symptoms, and type of foreign body were collected and analyzed. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is the key to therapeutic success and effective management of foreign body aspiration. We will review the literature to highlight the diagnostic difficulties related to this condition and the useful tools to recognize and manage it. The most essential part of foreign body aspiration treatment is prevention and the need to educate parents and primary care physicians. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to consider airway foreign bodies as a cause of cough unresponsive to therapy, recurrent wheezing, and relapsing pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134996493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x1904231027165004
Joseph Varon
{"title":"The Impact of War on Pulmonary and Critical Care Healthcare Practitioners","authors":"Joseph Varon","doi":"10.2174/1573398x1904231027165004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1904231027165004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"97 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666230911094423
Reza Sinaei, Maedeh Jafari, Rezvan Karamozian, Sara Pezeshki, Roya Sinaei, Fatemeh Karami Robati, Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh, Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
Background: Vaccines during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic entered the market faster than a routine proportionate evaluation cycle. The highest number of deaths and morbidities, especially by the type of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, is one of the reasons for this inevitability. Accordingly, evaluation of the effects of vaccines is of great importance Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effects of four current COVID-19 vaccines, such as AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Sinopharm, and Bharat, and the prevalence of COVID-19 occurrence among 600 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Southeast of Iran. Results: The incidence of infection among vaccinated HCWs was 36.3%, without any age and gender difference, statistically. The infection rate with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following immunization with AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, Bharat, and Sinopharm vaccines were 45.8%, 41.3%, 36.9%, and 18.6%, respectively (P.V=0.001). Those who had a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were more affected again despite vaccination (P.V=0.001). However, out of 218 infected patients, only six patients (2.8%) were hospitalized, while 26 patients (11.9%) received remdesivir and two patients (0.9%) needed to additional target therapy with Iinterleukin-6 inhibitor of Tocilizumab due to cytokine storm. Conclusion: During B.1.617.2 circulating variant, all vaccines after a complete vaccination schedule were relatively associated with protection against severe infection and hospitalization. We found that people who received the Sinopharm vaccine had the lowest incidence of COVID-19 (18.7%), followed by Bharat. The lowest incidence of protection occurred with viral vector-based vaccines, especially AstraZeneca.
{"title":"Short-term SARS-CoV-2 re-infection rate in vaccinated health workers based on received vaccines: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Reza Sinaei, Maedeh Jafari, Rezvan Karamozian, Sara Pezeshki, Roya Sinaei, Fatemeh Karami Robati, Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh, Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh","doi":"10.2174/1573398x19666230911094423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x19666230911094423","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccines during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic entered the market faster than a routine proportionate evaluation cycle. The highest number of deaths and morbidities, especially by the type of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, is one of the reasons for this inevitability. Accordingly, evaluation of the effects of vaccines is of great importance Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effects of four current COVID-19 vaccines, such as AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Sinopharm, and Bharat, and the prevalence of COVID-19 occurrence among 600 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Southeast of Iran. Results: The incidence of infection among vaccinated HCWs was 36.3%, without any age and gender difference, statistically. The infection rate with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following immunization with AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, Bharat, and Sinopharm vaccines were 45.8%, 41.3%, 36.9%, and 18.6%, respectively (P.V=0.001). Those who had a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were more affected again despite vaccination (P.V=0.001). However, out of 218 infected patients, only six patients (2.8%) were hospitalized, while 26 patients (11.9%) received remdesivir and two patients (0.9%) needed to additional target therapy with Iinterleukin-6 inhibitor of Tocilizumab due to cytokine storm. Conclusion: During B.1.617.2 circulating variant, all vaccines after a complete vaccination schedule were relatively associated with protection against severe infection and hospitalization. We found that people who received the Sinopharm vaccine had the lowest incidence of COVID-19 (18.7%), followed by Bharat. The lowest incidence of protection occurred with viral vector-based vaccines, especially AstraZeneca.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x1904231027165245
Salvatore Leonardi, Sara Manti
{"title":"Paediatric Respiratory Diseases: From Clinical Experience to Literature Review","authors":"Salvatore Leonardi, Sara Manti","doi":"10.2174/1573398x1904231027165245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1904231027165245","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"116 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/011573398x259978230922090846
L. Jothisri, Shukla Das, Narendra Pal Singh, Rumpa Saha, Alpana Raizada, Mohammad Ahmad Ansari, Charu Jain, None Sivakumar, Sajad Ahmad Dar
Background: Respiratory tract infections caused by viruses are among the most common diseases in humans worldwide. The diagnosis remains difficult as the symptoms overlap significantly with each other. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV- -2 causing Influenza-like illness (ILI) /severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A total of 100 samples, including COVID-19 positive (n=50) and negative (n=50), were included in the study. The detailed case record form was filled for each patient including relevant history. Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs were subjected to standardized RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 followed by Multiplex RT-PCR for other respiratory viruses. Results: Other respiratory viruses causing ILI/SARI symptoms similar to SARS-CoV2 during COVID-19 pandemic in non-COVID-19 patients aged more than 18 years were found to be Human metapneumovirus (2%), Human adenovirus (1%), Human parainfluenza virus-1 (1%). The result suggested that other respiratory viral infections are significantly higher among COVID-19 negative individuals presenting with respiratory illness as compared to COVID-19 positive individuals, possibly due to viral interference and competitive advantage of SARS-CoV-2 in modulating the host immune system. Conclusion: The other respiratory viruses in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients had mild to moderate ILI/SARI symptoms, which usually do not require hospitalization but need to be monitored, especially in high-risk patients. Human metapneumovirus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus-1 most commonly occured in more than 60 years age group with comorbidity which can be useful in stratification for future surveillance of other respiratory viruses in health care settings.
{"title":"Respiratory Viruses Causing Influenza Like Illness/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"L. Jothisri, Shukla Das, Narendra Pal Singh, Rumpa Saha, Alpana Raizada, Mohammad Ahmad Ansari, Charu Jain, None Sivakumar, Sajad Ahmad Dar","doi":"10.2174/011573398x259978230922090846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x259978230922090846","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory tract infections caused by viruses are among the most common diseases in humans worldwide. The diagnosis remains difficult as the symptoms overlap significantly with each other. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV- -2 causing Influenza-like illness (ILI) /severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A total of 100 samples, including COVID-19 positive (n=50) and negative (n=50), were included in the study. The detailed case record form was filled for each patient including relevant history. Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs were subjected to standardized RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 followed by Multiplex RT-PCR for other respiratory viruses. Results: Other respiratory viruses causing ILI/SARI symptoms similar to SARS-CoV2 during COVID-19 pandemic in non-COVID-19 patients aged more than 18 years were found to be Human metapneumovirus (2%), Human adenovirus (1%), Human parainfluenza virus-1 (1%). The result suggested that other respiratory viral infections are significantly higher among COVID-19 negative individuals presenting with respiratory illness as compared to COVID-19 positive individuals, possibly due to viral interference and competitive advantage of SARS-CoV-2 in modulating the host immune system. Conclusion: The other respiratory viruses in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients had mild to moderate ILI/SARI symptoms, which usually do not require hospitalization but need to be monitored, especially in high-risk patients. Human metapneumovirus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus-1 most commonly occured in more than 60 years age group with comorbidity which can be useful in stratification for future surveillance of other respiratory viruses in health care settings.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135061459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.2174/011573398x269590231026103636
Prashanth Venkatesh, Erika Rosenzweig
Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with significant mortality, morbidity and health services utilization. The predominant subtype of pulmonary hypertension in these patients is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) comprises up to one-third of all PAH cases globally and is most commonly associated with anatomically simple shunt lesions. A myriad of clinical phenotypes of PAH-CHD are seen across the spectrum of shunt size, location and directionality. A conceptual framework to categorize these patients based on pathophysiology is described. Contemporary data regarding the management of the varied phenotypes are reviewed, and a novel algorithm to guide decision-making with shunt closure in patients with PAH-CHD is provided. Further data spanning the spectrum of basic, translational and clinical science are much needed to further inform the management of this highly complex and heterogeneous population.
{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension associated with Congenital Heart Disease","authors":"Prashanth Venkatesh, Erika Rosenzweig","doi":"10.2174/011573398x269590231026103636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x269590231026103636","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with significant mortality, morbidity and health services utilization. The predominant subtype of pulmonary hypertension in these patients is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) comprises up to one-third of all PAH cases globally and is most commonly associated with anatomically simple shunt lesions. A myriad of clinical phenotypes of PAH-CHD are seen across the spectrum of shunt size, location and directionality. A conceptual framework to categorize these patients based on pathophysiology is described. Contemporary data regarding the management of the varied phenotypes are reviewed, and a novel algorithm to guide decision-making with shunt closure in patients with PAH-CHD is provided. Further data spanning the spectrum of basic, translational and clinical science are much needed to further inform the management of this highly complex and heterogeneous population.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.2174/011573398x261386231017190802
Rafael Laniado-Laborín, Gerardo Castro-Mazon, Jorge Salcido-Gastélum, Nallely Saavedra-Herrera, Julio Magaña-Ocaña, Fátima Leticia Luna-López
Objective: The study aimed to determine the critical gaps in the care of drug-resistant tuberculosis to implement strategies for its elimination. Material and Methods: Cases with various resistance profiles that were presented to the National Advisory Group for Drug Resistance during the years 2019-2022 have been described. Results and Discussion: have been reported. There have also been observed delays in the request for phenotypic drug susceptibility tests; from the time of initial diagnosis, patients have been found to receive their first drug susceptibility test, on average, after 20 months. The bacteriological follow-up during the treatment with monthly culture has been found to only be carried out in 8% of the cases. In the contact investigation, only 16% of the listed contacts had been studied for infection or active disease. Conclusion: The elimination of these gaps requires the decentralization of susceptibility tests for fluoroquinolones, shortening the times between the diagnosis of drug resistance and the start of treatment, a close clinical and bacteriological follow-up, and an exhaustive investigation of contacts.
{"title":"Gaps in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Mexico","authors":"Rafael Laniado-Laborín, Gerardo Castro-Mazon, Jorge Salcido-Gastélum, Nallely Saavedra-Herrera, Julio Magaña-Ocaña, Fátima Leticia Luna-López","doi":"10.2174/011573398x261386231017190802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x261386231017190802","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aimed to determine the critical gaps in the care of drug-resistant tuberculosis to implement strategies for its elimination. Material and Methods: Cases with various resistance profiles that were presented to the National Advisory Group for Drug Resistance during the years 2019-2022 have been described. Results and Discussion: have been reported. There have also been observed delays in the request for phenotypic drug susceptibility tests; from the time of initial diagnosis, patients have been found to receive their first drug susceptibility test, on average, after 20 months. The bacteriological follow-up during the treatment with monthly culture has been found to only be carried out in 8% of the cases. In the contact investigation, only 16% of the listed contacts had been studied for infection or active disease. Conclusion: The elimination of these gaps requires the decentralization of susceptibility tests for fluoroquinolones, shortening the times between the diagnosis of drug resistance and the start of treatment, a close clinical and bacteriological follow-up, and an exhaustive investigation of contacts.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"193 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135167629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.2174/011573398x267124231010060918
Putri Mega Juwita, Muhammad Amin, Alfian Nur Rosyid
Introduction: Acute exacerbations of COPD are responsible for 60% of health costs, reduce patients' quality of life, and accelerate disease progression. COPD endotypes are expected to provide new insights about clinical phenotypic variability and therapeutic response between individuals through certain biomarker approaches. Objective: Our study aims to identify the relationship between COPD endotypes and exacerbation events. Result: The lower limit normal of AAT levels obtained was 12.85ng/ml; 47.5% of subjects have low AAT levels. The average IL-17A levels and blood neutrophil counts were 0.478 ± 0.426 pg/ml and 5,916.95 ± 3,581.08 cells/µl, respectively. The average blood eosinophil count was 298.35 ± 280.44 cells/µl, 16 of 40 (40%) subjects with blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/µl. No significant association was observed between AAT levels (p = 1.000), IL-17A levels (p = 0.944), and blood eosinophil count (p = 0.739) with exacerbation events-only blood neutrophil count (p = 0.033) found to have a significant association with exacerbation events in COPD. Conclusion: AAT levels, IL-17A levels, and blood eosinophil count were not significantly related to exacerbation events in COPD patients. In comparison, blood neutrophil count was the only one associated considerably with exacerbation events. Further research about COPD endotypes is needed to identify exacerbation susceptibility as a precision treatment strategy.
{"title":"The Relationship between Endotypes and Exacerbation Events in COPD Patients","authors":"Putri Mega Juwita, Muhammad Amin, Alfian Nur Rosyid","doi":"10.2174/011573398x267124231010060918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x267124231010060918","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute exacerbations of COPD are responsible for 60% of health costs, reduce patients' quality of life, and accelerate disease progression. COPD endotypes are expected to provide new insights about clinical phenotypic variability and therapeutic response between individuals through certain biomarker approaches. Objective: Our study aims to identify the relationship between COPD endotypes and exacerbation events. Result: The lower limit normal of AAT levels obtained was 12.85ng/ml; 47.5% of subjects have low AAT levels. The average IL-17A levels and blood neutrophil counts were 0.478 ± 0.426 pg/ml and 5,916.95 ± 3,581.08 cells/µl, respectively. The average blood eosinophil count was 298.35 ± 280.44 cells/µl, 16 of 40 (40%) subjects with blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/µl. No significant association was observed between AAT levels (p = 1.000), IL-17A levels (p = 0.944), and blood eosinophil count (p = 0.739) with exacerbation events-only blood neutrophil count (p = 0.033) found to have a significant association with exacerbation events in COPD. Conclusion: AAT levels, IL-17A levels, and blood eosinophil count were not significantly related to exacerbation events in COPD patients. In comparison, blood neutrophil count was the only one associated considerably with exacerbation events. Further research about COPD endotypes is needed to identify exacerbation susceptibility as a precision treatment strategy.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666230830125130
D. L. La Regina, Roberta Arena, Riccardo Riccardi, Paolo Di Renzi, Luigi Orfeo, Fabio Midulla
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a rare pathology characterized by the abnormal and harmful presence of air in the interstitial tissues of the lung. This condition is often related to barotrauma caused by mechanical ventilation, but it can be exceptionally seen in healthy infants. The main causes of PIE are respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), mechanical ventilation or positive pressure ventilation, prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary infection, amniotic fluid aspiration, and incorrect endotracheal tube placement. To date, there is no standard treatment for PIE, based on the clinical and localization of PIE conservative and non-conservative therapies are described. We describe a case of a very premature infant with severe respiratory failure secondary to RDS and unilateral left sided PIE with lung herniation treated with conservative therapy like selective intubation, steroid therapy, lateral position, and lastly, oxygen supplementation without ventilatory assistance. Furthermore, we have carried out a systematic literature review for the past 15 years (2007-2022). A systematic review, using an evidence-based algorithmic approach, was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search, after the selection, produced a total of 24 articles, which were revised. In our case oxygen supplementation without ventilatory assistance resulted in successful resolution of the left PIE. Discontinuation of ventilatory care played a crucial role. Considering the management reported in literature, our aim is to perform a systematic literature review by adding our experience to the available knowledge on therapy for unilateral PIE.
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