Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/011573398x268623231212180622
Maidah Yaqoob, Thomas W DeCato, R. Oudiz
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure due to pulmonary vascular remodeling. The disease definition and management have evolved over time. The 6th WSPH now defines it as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20mmHg, while recent ESC/ERS guidelines recommend lowering the threshold for pulmonary vascular resistance to 2WU. Understanding of the disease has improved through registries, classifying it into five distinct groups with similar histology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. These groups include PAH, with heritable and idiopathic causes, as well as various clinical subsets involving connective tissue disease, HIV, portopulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, and schistosomiasis. Long-term responders to calcium channel blockers, PAH with venous/capillaries involvement, and persistent PH of newborns are categorized under Group 1, now re-classified as IPAH. A comprehensive workup for suspected patients includes various tests like electrocardiogram, pulmonary function testing, autoimmune workup, HIV testing, echocardiogram, right heart catheterization, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. This review emphasizes the disease's definition and epidemiology, delving into each subset and providing updated workup guidelines. The subsequent article will focus on risk stratification and treatment strategies.
{"title":"Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Group 1 (Part A): Overview,\u0000Classification, Clinical Subsets, and Workup","authors":"Maidah Yaqoob, Thomas W DeCato, R. Oudiz","doi":"10.2174/011573398x268623231212180622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x268623231212180622","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure due to pulmonary vascular remodeling. The\u0000disease definition and management have evolved over time. The 6th WSPH now defines it as a\u0000mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20mmHg, while recent ESC/ERS guidelines recommend lowering the threshold for pulmonary vascular resistance to 2WU.\u0000Understanding of the disease has improved through registries, classifying it into five distinct\u0000groups with similar histology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. These groups include\u0000PAH, with heritable and idiopathic causes, as well as various clinical subsets involving connective tissue disease, HIV, portopulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, and schistosomiasis. Long-term responders to calcium channel blockers, PAH with venous/capillaries involvement,\u0000and persistent PH of newborns are categorized under Group 1, now re-classified as IPAH.\u0000A comprehensive workup for suspected patients includes various tests like electrocardiogram, pulmonary function testing, autoimmune workup, HIV testing, echocardiogram, right heart catheterization, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing.\u0000This review emphasizes the disease's definition and epidemiology, delving into each subset and\u0000providing updated workup guidelines. The subsequent article will focus on risk stratification and\u0000treatment strategies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/011573398x268451231212111328
M. S. Fekri, Faranak Salajegheh, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, M. Nakhaie, Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani, Fatemeh Goharriz, Mohammad Sadegh Shahmoradzadeh Miri
Respiratory complications of COVID-19 should be considered as critical concerns that require prompt medical intervention. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and quality of life among recovered patients through a three-month follow-up period. This pilot study aimed to assess the pulmonary functions and quality of life in 32 COVID-19 survivors at Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Pulmonary functions were evaluated using spirometry to evaluate FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, which evaluated eight health-related concepts. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v23. Among the 32 survivors of COVID-19, 41.6% and 59.4% were male and female, respectively. The mean length of hospitalization for admitted patients (56.3% of all patients) was 10.89 days. Male survivors exhibited significantly lower values in FEV1 (3.06 vs. 4.05, p = 0.02), PEF (6.45 vs. 10.58, p = 0.002), and FEF-25-75 (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) compared to healthy males of the same age. For female survivors, all pulmonary indices were significantly lower than healthy females of the same age. Regarding quality of life, there was no statistical significance between male and female survivors. However, when compared with healthy populations, survivors obtained lower scores in various quality-of-life items. Male survivors had notably lower scores in physical functioning (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) and physical role (40.38 vs. 73.8, p = 0.008). Female survivors scored considerably lower than the healthy population in all quality of life items, except for role emotional and mental health. COVID-19 survivors had lower pulmonary indices and quality of life compared to healthy individuals of the same sex and age, with female survivors exhibiting worse conditions.
{"title":"Assessing Lung Function and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Patients: A\u0000Pilot Study","authors":"M. S. Fekri, Faranak Salajegheh, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, M. Nakhaie, Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani, Fatemeh Goharriz, Mohammad Sadegh Shahmoradzadeh Miri","doi":"10.2174/011573398x268451231212111328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x268451231212111328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Respiratory complications of COVID-19 should be considered as critical concerns that require prompt medical intervention. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and quality of life among recovered patients through a three-month follow-up period.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This pilot study aimed to assess the pulmonary functions and quality of life in 32\u0000COVID-19 survivors at Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Pulmonary functions were evaluated\u0000using spirometry to evaluate FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, which evaluated eight health-related concepts. Statistical analysis\u0000was performed using SPSS v23.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Among the 32 survivors of COVID-19, 41.6% and 59.4% were male and female, respectively. The mean length of hospitalization for admitted patients (56.3% of all patients) was 10.89\u0000days. Male survivors exhibited significantly lower values in FEV1 (3.06 vs. 4.05, p = 0.02), PEF\u0000(6.45 vs. 10.58, p = 0.002), and FEF-25-75 (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) compared to healthy males\u0000of the same age. For female survivors, all pulmonary indices were significantly lower than healthy\u0000females of the same age. Regarding quality of life, there was no statistical significance between\u0000male and female survivors. However, when compared with healthy populations, survivors obtained lower scores in various quality-of-life items. Male survivors had notably lower scores in\u0000physical functioning (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) and physical role (40.38 vs. 73.8, p = 0.008). Female survivors scored considerably lower than the healthy population in all quality of life items,\u0000except for role emotional and mental health.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000COVID-19 survivors had lower pulmonary indices and quality of life compared to\u0000healthy individuals of the same sex and age, with female survivors exhibiting worse conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" 58","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/011573398x278585231221052355
Vijayabaskaran Shanmugavaradharajan, Rajesh N T, Divya R, Damodaran Vasudevan
Pulmonary involvement is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study attempts to highlight the extent of involvement by assessing lung function using pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with RA. This pilot study involved 30 patients with RA and an equal number of age- and sex-- matched healthy controls. All the study participants were subjected to spirometry and in RA patients, the test was repeated after 30 minutes of administering 400 mcg of salbutamol. PFT values of the controls and the pre and post-values of cases like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), Percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the lung volume (FEF25-75%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons. The pre- and post-values of PFT were compared using paired t-test, Welsch’s test, or Wilcoxon tests. (p ≤ 0.05 implied statistical significance). PFT variables were significantly lower among patients with RA compared with controls (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation of FEF25%-75% and PEFR with BMI in obese patients (BMI >23) and FVC, FEV1, and PEFR significantly lower in post-menopausal women (p < 0.05) was seen. Based on the pilot study findings, patients in south India with RA could manifest decreased pulmonary functions. Obese patients and post-menopausal females with RA could be at a higher risk, and the administration of nebulized salbutamol could improve pulmonary functions.
肺部受累是类风湿性关节炎（RA）常见的关节外表现。本研究试图通过使用肺功能测试（PFTs）评估 RA 患者的肺功能，以突出其受累程度。这项试验性研究涉及 30 名 RA 患者和同等数量的年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组。所有参加研究的人员都接受了肺活量测试，RA 患者在服用 400 毫克沙丁胺醇 30 分钟后重复测试。记录对照组和病例前后的肺活量值，如用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第一秒用力呼气容积百分比（FEV1%）、25% 至 75% 肺活量时的用力呼气流量（FEF25-75%）和呼气峰流速（PEFR）。比较采用独立样本 t 检验或 Mann-Whitney U 检验。采用配对 t 检验、Welsch 检验或 Wilcoxon 检验比较 PFT 前后值。(与对照组相比，RA 患者的 PFT 变量显著降低（P23），绝经后妇女的 FVC、FEV1 和 PEFR 显著降低（P <0.05）。肥胖患者和绝经后女性 RA 患者的风险更高，雾化舒喘宁可改善肺功能。
{"title":"Deteriorating Pulmonary Functions in Patients with Rheumatoid\u0000Arthritis- A Pilot Study From South India","authors":"Vijayabaskaran Shanmugavaradharajan, Rajesh N T, Divya R, Damodaran Vasudevan","doi":"10.2174/011573398x278585231221052355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x278585231221052355","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Pulmonary involvement is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study attempts to highlight the extent of involvement by assessing lung function using pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with RA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This pilot study involved 30 patients with RA and an equal number of age- and sex--\u0000matched healthy controls. All the study participants were subjected to spirometry and in RA patients, the test was repeated after 30 minutes of administering 400 mcg of salbutamol. PFT values\u0000of the controls and the pre and post-values of cases like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), Percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second\u0000(FEV1%), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the lung volume (FEF25-75%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were\u0000used for comparisons. The pre- and post-values of PFT were compared using paired t-test,\u0000Welsch’s test, or Wilcoxon tests. (p ≤ 0.05 implied statistical significance).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000PFT variables were significantly lower among patients with RA compared with controls\u0000(p<0.05). A significant negative correlation of FEF25%-75% and PEFR with BMI in obese patients (BMI >23) and FVC, FEV1, and PEFR significantly lower in post-menopausal women (p <\u00000.05) was seen.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the pilot study findings, patients in south India with RA could manifest decreased pulmonary functions. Obese patients and post-menopausal females with RA could be at a\u0000higher risk, and the administration of nebulized salbutamol could improve pulmonary functions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.2174/011573398x274112231114075707
L. Fishchuk, Z. Rossokha, Valeriy Pokhylko, Yuliia Cherniavska, Svitlana Tsvirenko, V. Vershyhora, O. Popova, Maryna Fastovets, Olena Kaliuzhka, N. Gorovenko
Previous studies indicate a close relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and oxidative stress. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an enzyme that metabolizes a wide range of xenobiotics and plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species, consequently contributing to the development of oxidative stress. To determine the impact of NAT2 gene variants on the risk of developing and the progression of severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients from the Poltava region of Ukraine. The study included 117 patients who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and received treatment in the intensive care unit. The NAT2 gene variants were identified through the PCR-RFLP method. The presence of the AA genotype of the A803G variant in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with an almost 3-fold reduction in the risk of lethal outcomes. The presence of the TT genotype of the C481T variant was associated with the need for artificial lung ventilation. Patients in the study group with a heterozygous GA genotype of the G590A variant demonstrated a notable rise in the risk of developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a nearly 2.5-fold and 3-fold increase, respectively. The G857A variant was not associated with the risk of developing the above-- mentioned complications in the examined patients. The obtained results suggested that the NAT2 gene variants might influence the incidence, course, and adverse consequences of COVID-19.
{"title":"NAT2 Gene Variants as a Provocative Factor for the Severe Course of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Ukrainian Patients","authors":"L. Fishchuk, Z. Rossokha, Valeriy Pokhylko, Yuliia Cherniavska, Svitlana Tsvirenko, V. Vershyhora, O. Popova, Maryna Fastovets, Olena Kaliuzhka, N. Gorovenko","doi":"10.2174/011573398x274112231114075707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x274112231114075707","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies indicate a close relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and oxidative stress. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an enzyme that metabolizes a wide range of xenobiotics and plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species, consequently contributing to the development of oxidative stress. To determine the impact of NAT2 gene variants on the risk of developing and the progression of severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in patients from the Poltava region of Ukraine. The study included 117 patients who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and received treatment in the intensive care unit. The NAT2 gene variants were identified through the PCR-RFLP method. The presence of the AA genotype of the A803G variant in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with an almost 3-fold reduction in the risk of lethal outcomes. The presence of the TT genotype of the C481T variant was associated with the need for artificial lung ventilation. Patients in the study group with a heterozygous GA genotype of the G590A variant demonstrated a notable rise in the risk of developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a nearly 2.5-fold and 3-fold increase, respectively. The G857A variant was not associated with the risk of developing the above-- mentioned complications in the examined patients. The obtained results suggested that the NAT2 gene variants might influence the incidence, course, and adverse consequences of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the impact of various COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle of Jordanian women. We conducted a retrospective analysis of tracked menstrual changes using an anonymous questionnaire written in the local language. We received 732 responses, and after exclusions, 617 responses were analyzed. The questionnaire covered six sectors: demographics, medical history, COVID-19 infection and vaccination status, obstetric and gynecological history, menstrual cycle history, and specific questions about cycle length, flow, and any symptoms before and after each vaccine shot. Participants included Jordanian females who had received any type of COVID-19 vaccine. Among the participants analyzed, two-thirds were between the ages of 20-35, and the majority had a normal BMI (59.6%). Most participants were single, nulliparous, and had never used contraception methods (79.3%, 82.0%, and 93.8%, respectively). Only a small percentage had other risk factors influencing menstrual cycle changes, such as surgical procedures (10.5%) and specific medications (8.10%). Baseline menstrual information was recorded. Forty percent of participants experienced changes in menstrual duration, and approximately one-fifth reported heavier and more severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. Body mass index (BMI) was directly correlated with bleeding intensity after vaccination. Parity was weakly directly proportional to bleeding intensity after vaccination. However, BMI and parity did not significantly correlate with menstrual duration, menstrual cycle length, PMS symptoms, or cramps after vaccination. In a population of young, non-sexually active women with a normal BMI, most participants did not experience significant changes in their menstrual cycles after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Only one-fifth of participants reported shorter duration, heavier bleeding, more frequent, more painful, and more severe PMS symptoms post-vaccination.
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccines and the Menstrual Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Naser Alhusban, Sondos Al-Najjar, Fatima Alkubaisi, Abdulla Alzibdeh, Kenan S-Yasin, Alhareth Alhusban","doi":"10.2174/011573398x264267231113080001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x264267231113080001","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the impact of various COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle of Jordanian women. We conducted a retrospective analysis of tracked menstrual changes using an anonymous questionnaire written in the local language. We received 732 responses, and after exclusions, 617 responses were analyzed. The questionnaire covered six sectors: demographics, medical history, COVID-19 infection and vaccination status, obstetric and gynecological history, menstrual cycle history, and specific questions about cycle length, flow, and any symptoms before and after each vaccine shot. Participants included Jordanian females who had received any type of COVID-19 vaccine. Among the participants analyzed, two-thirds were between the ages of 20-35, and the majority had a normal BMI (59.6%). Most participants were single, nulliparous, and had never used contraception methods (79.3%, 82.0%, and 93.8%, respectively). Only a small percentage had other risk factors influencing menstrual cycle changes, such as surgical procedures (10.5%) and specific medications (8.10%). Baseline menstrual information was recorded. Forty percent of participants experienced changes in menstrual duration, and approximately one-fifth reported heavier and more severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. Body mass index (BMI) was directly correlated with bleeding intensity after vaccination. Parity was weakly directly proportional to bleeding intensity after vaccination. However, BMI and parity did not significantly correlate with menstrual duration, menstrual cycle length, PMS symptoms, or cramps after vaccination. In a population of young, non-sexually active women with a normal BMI, most participants did not experience significant changes in their menstrual cycles after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Only one-fifth of participants reported shorter duration, heavier bleeding, more frequent, more painful, and more severe PMS symptoms post-vaccination.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 patients with COVID-19. A 5 ml venous blood sample was taken on the first day of hospitalization. VEGF was measured with the ELISA method using the Hangzhou East biopharm VEGF ELIZA Kit. Results: The mean age of patients was 56 ± 15 years. The mean plasma level of VEGF was 2877.07 ± 104.77 ng/ml. There was no significant relationship between VEGF levels and COVID-19 severity (P = 0.55). The percentage of pulmonary infiltration > 50 in the severe group (72.7%) was higher than that of the non-severe group (2.4%) (P = 0.001). There was a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and the levels of LDH, neutrophil/lymph ratio, and CRP. Regarding medications, remdesivir was used more in the severe group (70.5%) than in the non-severe group (45.2%) (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Although plasma VEGF levels were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group, no significant relationship was found between the plasma level of VEGF and COVID-19 severity, which might be due to the small sample size. VEGF may be a valuable scientific marker, but in this study, it was not as useful as other markers in identifying COVID-19 severity. In addition, there was a direct and significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and the inflammatory markers LDH, neutrophil/lymph, and CRP. Therefore, measurement of inflammatory markers can assist in the early identification and prediction of severity and disease progression in COVID-19.
{"title":"The Relationship between COVID-19 Severity and Plasma Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)","authors":"Mitra Samareh Fekri, Elham Barfzade, Ahmad Shafahi, Mehrdad Farokhnia, Fatemeh Karami Robati, Sajjadeh Movahedinia, Shariar Dabiri","doi":"10.2174/011573398x248003231106092908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x248003231106092908","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 patients with COVID-19. A 5 ml venous blood sample was taken on the first day of hospitalization. VEGF was measured with the ELISA method using the Hangzhou East biopharm VEGF ELIZA Kit. Results: The mean age of patients was 56 ± 15 years. The mean plasma level of VEGF was 2877.07 ± 104.77 ng/ml. There was no significant relationship between VEGF levels and COVID-19 severity (P = 0.55). The percentage of pulmonary infiltration > 50 in the severe group (72.7%) was higher than that of the non-severe group (2.4%) (P = 0.001). There was a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and the levels of LDH, neutrophil/lymph ratio, and CRP. Regarding medications, remdesivir was used more in the severe group (70.5%) than in the non-severe group (45.2%) (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Although plasma VEGF levels were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group, no significant relationship was found between the plasma level of VEGF and COVID-19 severity, which might be due to the small sample size. VEGF may be a valuable scientific marker, but in this study, it was not as useful as other markers in identifying COVID-19 severity. In addition, there was a direct and significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and the inflammatory markers LDH, neutrophil/lymph, and CRP. Therefore, measurement of inflammatory markers can assist in the early identification and prediction of severity and disease progression in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"122 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.2174/011573398x267876231017072820
Reza Sinaei, Kimia Iranmanesh, Sara Pezeshki, Mohammad Hasannejad, Ali Hoseininasab, Saeedeh Parvaresh, Roya Sinaei
Background: Understanding immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 provides a basis for the pathophysiology of COVID-19 while also providing a means to confirm the disease and reduce its transmission. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st, 2020 to December 30th, 2022. The patients’ characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results, and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (serology testing) were recorded. Results: A total of 182 children were included. PCR returned positive in 60.4%, while serology indicated infection in 86.4% of the participants. Sex as a factor was not significantly associated with the results of either of the tests. However, seropositive children were older (p < 0.001), while PCR-positive children were younger (p < 0.01). Those who presented with cough (p < 0.05) or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) (p < 0.05) had higher seropositivity rates than those without. In contrast, those who presented with fever (p < 0.001) or seizures (p < 0.01) had higher chances of having a positive PCR for COVID-19. In individuals suffering from arthralgia, limping, or arthritis, positive serology was observed in 96.3%, 95.2%, and 96.9%, respectively. However, positive results from PCR were observed in 67.2%, 67.1%, and 30.3% of the mentioned individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology is a valuable diagnostic tool in individuals presenting late with arthralgia, arthritis, limping, MIS-C, or other delayed presentations, especially when PCR returns negative for the virus.
{"title":"Utility of the Presence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Detecting COVID-19 in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Reza Sinaei, Kimia Iranmanesh, Sara Pezeshki, Mohammad Hasannejad, Ali Hoseininasab, Saeedeh Parvaresh, Roya Sinaei","doi":"10.2174/011573398x267876231017072820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x267876231017072820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Understanding immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 provides a basis for the pathophysiology of COVID-19 while also providing a means to confirm the disease and reduce its transmission. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st, 2020 to December 30th, 2022. The patients’ characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results, and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (serology testing) were recorded. Results: A total of 182 children were included. PCR returned positive in 60.4%, while serology indicated infection in 86.4% of the participants. Sex as a factor was not significantly associated with the results of either of the tests. However, seropositive children were older (p < 0.001), while PCR-positive children were younger (p < 0.01). Those who presented with cough (p < 0.05) or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) (p < 0.05) had higher seropositivity rates than those without. In contrast, those who presented with fever (p < 0.001) or seizures (p < 0.01) had higher chances of having a positive PCR for COVID-19. In individuals suffering from arthralgia, limping, or arthritis, positive serology was observed in 96.3%, 95.2%, and 96.9%, respectively. However, positive results from PCR were observed in 67.2%, 67.1%, and 30.3% of the mentioned individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology is a valuable diagnostic tool in individuals presenting late with arthralgia, arthritis, limping, MIS-C, or other delayed presentations, especially when PCR returns negative for the virus.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.2174/011573398x268050231031112211
Emrah Altuntas, Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici, Muzaffer Elmalı, Arda Onar, Orhan Bas
Background:: CT findings and Ground glass opacity (GGO) volumes may differ between SARS CoV-2 non-variant, alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Objective:: To compare the thoracic CT findings, GGO volumes, and GGOs’ lung uptake rates among patients with COVID-19 variants. Methods:: Thoracic CT images of 83 patients with non-variant, 78 patients with alpha variant, 93 patients with delta variant, and 73 patients with omicron variant having positive Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction test results were analyzed retrospectively. GGO volumes and lung volumes were calculated by using the Cavalieri Principle. Differences in CT findings, ground-glass opacity volumes, and lung involvement rates between non-variant and variant groups were evaluated. Results:: There were significant differences found in the incidence of GGOs (p < 0.001), air bronchogram (p = 0.007), reticulation (p = 0.002) and subpleural lines, and linear opacities (p = 0.034) between non-variant and variant groups. GGO uptake rates (ground glass opacity volumes × 100 ÷ lung volume) were 8.88% in the non-variant, 4.83% in the alpha variant, 3.50% in the delta variant, and 2.02% in the omicron variant. In estimating variant groups, it was determined that the increase in the rate of GGOs in the right lung increased the probability of having an omicron variant, whereas the presence of nodules decreased it. The possibility of the delta variant increased with an increase in the rate of ground glass opacities in the left lung. Conclusion:: Thoracic CT findings solely can be helpful in distinguishing COVID-19 variants. Decreased frequency of uptake rates of GGOs suggested that the severity of COVID-19 disease was gradually decreasing.
{"title":"Comparison of Initial Thoracic CT Images of COVID-19 Patients with Non-Variant, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Emrah Altuntas, Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici, Muzaffer Elmalı, Arda Onar, Orhan Bas","doi":"10.2174/011573398x268050231031112211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x268050231031112211","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: CT findings and Ground glass opacity (GGO) volumes may differ between SARS CoV-2 non-variant, alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Objective:: To compare the thoracic CT findings, GGO volumes, and GGOs’ lung uptake rates among patients with COVID-19 variants. Methods:: Thoracic CT images of 83 patients with non-variant, 78 patients with alpha variant, 93 patients with delta variant, and 73 patients with omicron variant having positive Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction test results were analyzed retrospectively. GGO volumes and lung volumes were calculated by using the Cavalieri Principle. Differences in CT findings, ground-glass opacity volumes, and lung involvement rates between non-variant and variant groups were evaluated. Results:: There were significant differences found in the incidence of GGOs (p < 0.001), air bronchogram (p = 0.007), reticulation (p = 0.002) and subpleural lines, and linear opacities (p = 0.034) between non-variant and variant groups. GGO uptake rates (ground glass opacity volumes × 100 ÷ lung volume) were 8.88% in the non-variant, 4.83% in the alpha variant, 3.50% in the delta variant, and 2.02% in the omicron variant. In estimating variant groups, it was determined that the increase in the rate of GGOs in the right lung increased the probability of having an omicron variant, whereas the presence of nodules decreased it. The possibility of the delta variant increased with an increase in the rate of ground glass opacities in the left lung. Conclusion:: Thoracic CT findings solely can be helpful in distinguishing COVID-19 variants. Decreased frequency of uptake rates of GGOs suggested that the severity of COVID-19 disease was gradually decreasing.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"73 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135684930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.2174/011573398x264594231027110541
Shubhrat Maheshwari, Aditya Singh
Abstract:: Code 35, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes respiratory failure, inflammation, and decreased airway mucociliary clearance. The absence of trustworthy preclinical models that replicate the anatomical, immunological, and bioelectrical characteristics of human CF lungs restricts the discovery of new therapies for the disease. Alternative carriers to liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic carriers include lipid-based nanocarriers (LBCs). Delivering medicines, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics via LBCs has received more and more attention in recent years. Due to their simple production, physicochemical stability, and scalability, these nanocarriers have caught the attention of the industrial sector. Because of these qualities, LBCs are well suited for industrial manufacturing. Clinical trials are already being conducted on a number of LBC-containing items and are likely to swiftly grow in popularity. For commercial applications to produce enough formulations for clinical research, a large-scale manufacturing facility is necessary. The mainstay of treatment for CF, asthma, and chronic obstructive lung disease is the inhalation of corticosteroids and topical bronchodilators. These drugs are given through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), a dry powder inhaler (DPI), a jet, or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Although the sheer number of gadgets may be overwhelming for patients and doctors, each has unique benefits.
{"title":"Lipid-Based Nanocarriers in the Management of Pulmonary Complications in Cystic Fibrosis","authors":"Shubhrat Maheshwari, Aditya Singh","doi":"10.2174/011573398x264594231027110541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398x264594231027110541","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:: Code 35, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes respiratory failure, inflammation, and decreased airway mucociliary clearance. The absence of trustworthy preclinical models that replicate the anatomical, immunological, and bioelectrical characteristics of human CF lungs restricts the discovery of new therapies for the disease. Alternative carriers to liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic carriers include lipid-based nanocarriers (LBCs). Delivering medicines, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics via LBCs has received more and more attention in recent years. Due to their simple production, physicochemical stability, and scalability, these nanocarriers have caught the attention of the industrial sector. Because of these qualities, LBCs are well suited for industrial manufacturing. Clinical trials are already being conducted on a number of LBC-containing items and are likely to swiftly grow in popularity. For commercial applications to produce enough formulations for clinical research, a large-scale manufacturing facility is necessary. The mainstay of treatment for CF, asthma, and chronic obstructive lung disease is the inhalation of corticosteroids and topical bronchodilators. These drugs are given through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), a dry powder inhaler (DPI), a jet, or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Although the sheer number of gadgets may be overwhelming for patients and doctors, each has unique benefits.","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"6 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x1904231027152727
{"title":"Acknowledgements to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.2174/1573398x1904231027152727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1904231027152727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":"67 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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