Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666221212164215
S. Heraganahally, T. Howarth, S. Heraganahally
Among First Nations adults living in OECD nations bronchiectasis appears at a particularly heightened rate, due to high childhood incidence, and high prevalence of associated risk factors. To date, however, the extent of the bronchiectasis disease burden among adult First Nations people has not been formally assessed. Two databases (Pubmed and Scopus) were reviewed for English literature published from January 2000 to March 2022 pertaining to bronchiectasis among adult First Nations Indigenous people residing in OECD nations. All studies that reported on prevalence, incidence, or outcomes (i.e., hospitalisations, mortality) directly associated with bronchiectasis were included. Studies that did not provide Indigenous specific, bronchiectasis specific data, or were paediatric studies were excluded. Participant numbers and demographics, bronchiectasis prevalence or incidence, respiratory comorbidities and outcomes including mortality, hospitalisations or univariate or multivariate modelling to describe the risk of bronchiectasis and outcomes were tabulated. Twenty-five studies were included, drawn from Australia (n=16), New Zealand (n=8) and North America (n=1), with most studies (n=21) reporting on referred populations. A median number of participants was 241 (range 31 to 1765) (excluding nationwide hospitalisation datasets (n=3)) with a mean age of 48.4 years, and 55% females. The hospital admission rate for bronchiectasis was 3.5x to 5x higher among Māori compared to non-Māori New Zealanders, and 5x higher in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Mortality ranged from 10 to 56% on follow-up. Bronchiectasis disease burden is higher among adult First Nations Indigenous populations, presenting earlier with high mortality and hospitalisation rate. Further studies are required to address this inequality.
{"title":"Bronchiectasis among adult First Nations Indigenous people – A scoping review","authors":"S. Heraganahally, T. Howarth, S. Heraganahally","doi":"10.2174/1573398x19666221212164215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x19666221212164215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Among First Nations adults living in OECD nations bronchiectasis appears at a particularly heightened rate, due to high childhood incidence, and high prevalence of associated risk factors. To date, however, the extent of the bronchiectasis disease burden among adult First Nations people has not been formally assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Two databases (Pubmed and Scopus) were reviewed for English literature published from January 2000 to March 2022 pertaining to bronchiectasis among adult First Nations Indigenous people residing in OECD nations. All studies that reported on prevalence, incidence, or outcomes (i.e., hospitalisations, mortality) directly associated with bronchiectasis were included. Studies that did not provide Indigenous specific, bronchiectasis specific data, or were paediatric studies were excluded. Participant numbers and demographics, bronchiectasis prevalence or incidence, respiratory comorbidities and outcomes including mortality, hospitalisations or univariate or multivariate modelling to describe the risk of bronchiectasis and outcomes were tabulated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twenty-five studies were included, drawn from Australia (n=16), New Zealand (n=8) and North America (n=1), with most studies (n=21) reporting on referred populations. A median number of participants was 241 (range 31 to 1765) (excluding nationwide hospitalisation datasets (n=3)) with a mean age of 48.4 years, and 55% females. The hospital admission rate for bronchiectasis was 3.5x to 5x higher among Māori compared to non-Māori New Zealanders, and 5x higher in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Mortality ranged from 10 to 56% on follow-up.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Bronchiectasis disease burden is higher among adult First Nations Indigenous populations, presenting earlier with high mortality and hospitalisation rate. Further studies are required to address this inequality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1573398x19666221130141600
B. Marzoog
The current molecular advances in lung fibrosis pathogenesis distend beyond the cellular to involve subcellular and molecular levels. Lung fibrogenesis and autophagy impairment are tightly associated. Autophagy is involved in cell cycle control and regulation of the intracellular microenvironment. Degradation of impaired intracellular organelles and biproducts is crucial to maintaining a healthy cell and preventing its metaplasia / transdifferentiation to a pathological cell. Autophagy modifies the metabolism of alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and lung fibroblasts. Autophagy upregulation induces local lung fibroblast hyperactivity and fibrosis. Several molecular triggers were found to induce lung fibroblast autophagy including TGFβ by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, physiologically, a balance is retained between autophagy inducers and inhibitors. Each type of autophagy plays its role in the initiation and progression of lung fibrosis. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is multifactorial and involves dysfunction / dysregulation of alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells. The deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, the remodeling of the lung architecture and the molecular changes include impaired glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation, gene expression modification, altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and dysregulated protein folding lead to reprogramming of lung fibroblast into myofibroblast and their activation. The paper thoroughly addresses the molecular triggers and inhibitors of lung fibroblast autophagy in lung fibrosis.
{"title":"Local Lung Fibroblast Autophagy in the Context of Lung Fibrosis Pathogenesis","authors":"B. Marzoog","doi":"10.2174/1573398x19666221130141600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x19666221130141600","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current molecular advances in lung fibrosis pathogenesis distend beyond the cellular to involve subcellular and molecular levels. Lung fibrogenesis and autophagy impairment are tightly associated. Autophagy is involved in cell cycle control and regulation of the intracellular microenvironment. Degradation of impaired intracellular organelles and biproducts is crucial to maintaining a healthy cell and preventing its metaplasia / transdifferentiation to a pathological cell. Autophagy modifies the metabolism of alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and lung fibroblasts. Autophagy upregulation induces local lung fibroblast hyperactivity and fibrosis. Several molecular triggers were found to induce lung fibroblast autophagy including TGFβ by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, physiologically, a balance is retained between autophagy inducers and inhibitors. Each type of autophagy plays its role in the initiation and progression of lung fibrosis. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is multifactorial and involves dysfunction / dysregulation of alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells. The deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, the remodeling of the lung architecture and the molecular changes include impaired glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidation, gene expression modification, altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and dysregulated protein folding lead to reprogramming of lung fibroblast into myofibroblast and their activation. The paper thoroughly addresses the molecular triggers and inhibitors of lung fibroblast autophagy in lung fibrosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1573398x1804221114154757
C. Ramírez, J. Varon
{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus or Tuberculosis: Which is the Greater Evil?","authors":"C. Ramírez, J. Varon","doi":"10.2174/1573398x1804221114154757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x1804221114154757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44207289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666221010112508
S. Duong-Quy, Thuy Nguyen-Thi-Dieu, Hanh Do-Thi, Huong Nguyen-Thi-Quynh, H. Le-Thi-Minh
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is currently used as a biomarker of airway inflammation in patients with asthma. However, the role of alveolar nitric oxide (CANO) in asthmatic children has not been clearly demonstrated It was a prospective and descriptive study. The measurement of FENO and CANO, spirometry, blood eosinophil counts (BEC), and total IgE levels were performed for each study subject. This study included 109 uncontrolled asthmatic children without inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. The exhaled NO level in asthmatic patients was significantly higher than in control subjects: FENO: 22.5 vs. 8.4 ppb; CANO: 5.9 vs. 2.8 ppb; J’awNO (maximum airway nitric oxide flux): 56.9 vs. 18.7 ppb; respectively. The sensitivities and specificities for asthma diagnosis with the cut-off of CANO at 3.5 ppb and 5.0 ppb were 74.3% and 73.3%, and 46.0% and 83.3%, respectively. There were the moderate and the weak correlations between CANO with FENO and CANO with IgE in asthmatic patients (r = 0.465, 95%CI (0.133-0.659), P=0.001; r=0.133, 95%CI (0.068- 0.497), P=0.184; respectively). The percentage of controlled asthma in patients with CANO ≥5 ppb at inclusion was higher than that in CANO <5 ppb group. Exhaled NO is a relevant biomarker of allergic asthma. The level of FENO and CANO might be used to predict asthma control in children.
呼气一氧化氮分数(FENO)目前被用作哮喘患者气道炎症的生物标志物。然而，肺泡型一氧化氮(CANO)在哮喘儿童中的作用尚未得到明确证实。对每个研究对象进行FENO和CANO、肺活量测定、血嗜酸性粒细胞计数(BEC)和总IgE水平的测量。本研究纳入109名未接受吸入皮质类固醇(ICS)治疗的未控制哮喘儿童。哮喘患者呼出NO水平显著高于对照组:FENO: 22.5 vs. 8.4 ppb;CANO: 5.9 vs. 2.8 ppb;J 'awNO(最大气道一氧化氮通量):56.9 vs. 18.7 ppb;分别。CANO截止值为3.5 ppb和5.0 ppb时，哮喘诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为74.3%和73.3%，46.0%和83.3%。哮喘患者CANO与FENO、CANO与IgE之间存在中、弱相关性(r = 0.465, 95%CI (0.133 ~ 0.659)， P=0.001;r=0.133, 95%CI (0.068 ~ 0.497)， P=0.184;分别)。CANO≥5ppb组哮喘控制率高于CANO < 5ppb组。呼出一氧化氮是过敏性哮喘的相关生物标志物。FENO和cano的水平可能用于预测儿童哮喘的控制。
{"title":"Studying the role of alveolar exhaled nitric oxide in combination with bronchial nitric oxide to predict asthma control in children with asthma: A real-life prospective study","authors":"S. Duong-Quy, Thuy Nguyen-Thi-Dieu, Hanh Do-Thi, Huong Nguyen-Thi-Quynh, H. Le-Thi-Minh","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666221010112508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666221010112508","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is currently used as a biomarker of\u0000airway inflammation in patients with asthma. However, the role of alveolar nitric oxide (CANO) in\u0000asthmatic children has not been clearly demonstrated\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was a prospective and descriptive study. The measurement of FENO and CANO, spirometry, blood eosinophil counts (BEC), and total IgE levels were performed for each study subject.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study included 109 uncontrolled asthmatic children without inhaled corticosteroid\u0000(ICS) treatment. The exhaled NO level in asthmatic patients was significantly higher than in control\u0000subjects: FENO: 22.5 vs. 8.4 ppb; CANO: 5.9 vs. 2.8 ppb; J’awNO (maximum airway nitric oxide\u0000flux): 56.9 vs. 18.7 ppb; respectively. The sensitivities and specificities for asthma diagnosis with\u0000the cut-off of CANO at 3.5 ppb and 5.0 ppb were 74.3% and 73.3%, and 46.0% and 83.3%, respectively. There were the moderate and the weak correlations between CANO with FENO and CANO\u0000with IgE in asthmatic patients (r = 0.465, 95%CI (0.133-0.659), P=0.001; r=0.133, 95%CI (0.068-\u00000.497), P=0.184; respectively). The percentage of controlled asthma in patients with CANO ≥5 ppb\u0000at inclusion was higher than that in CANO <5 ppb group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Exhaled NO is a relevant biomarker of allergic asthma. The level of FENO and CANO\u0000might be used to predict asthma control in children.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41943775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220929170117
A. Rosyid, P. Saputra, D. Purwati, Alyaa Ulaa Dhiya Ulhaq, Sherly Yolanda, Yovita Citra Eka Dewi Djatioetomo, A. Bakhtiar
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. It is associated with a low quality of life and socio-economic burden. Airway destruction in COPD pathogenesis is primarily due to the three mechanisms: protease-antiprotease imbalance, chronic airway inflammation, and oxidative stress, which is triggered by exposure to harmful particles, such as cigarette smoking. Neutrophil elastase (NE), a serine protease stored in azurophilic granules of neutrophils, actively participates in airway remodeling and microbiocidal activity. It hydrolyzes elastin, collagen, and other vital extracellular matrix proteins (EMP) in the respiratory tissue. In addition, neutrophil elastase activates other principal proteinases such as matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Cathepsin B, Meprin α protease, and Calpain that amplify EMP degradation. Macrophage, the primary leukocyte, responsible for lung parenchymal inflammation in COPD, is also activated by NE. However, neutrophil elastase level is positively correlated with the degree of airway inflammation and disease severity. Neutrophil elastase activates reactive oxygengenerating systems such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase and it also generates mitochondrial-derived-reactive oxygen species formation by inducing the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 andTumour necrosis factor (TNF)- α. In addition, neutrophil elastase stimulates respiratory cell apoptosis by direct (e.g., activating the caspase-3 pathway) and indirect mechanisms (e.g., by secretion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps). Surprisingly, neutrophil elastase may have small anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, neutrophil elastase is one of the main culprits responsible for COPD pathogenesis by mediating the activation of Triad COPD pathogenesis.
{"title":"Neutrophil Elastase in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review","authors":"A. Rosyid, P. Saputra, D. Purwati, Alyaa Ulaa Dhiya Ulhaq, Sherly Yolanda, Yovita Citra Eka Dewi Djatioetomo, A. Bakhtiar","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220929170117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220929170117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality\u0000globally. It is associated with a low quality of life and socio-economic burden. Airway destruction\u0000in COPD pathogenesis is primarily due to the three mechanisms: protease-antiprotease imbalance,\u0000chronic airway inflammation, and oxidative stress, which is triggered by exposure to harmful particles, such as cigarette smoking. Neutrophil elastase (NE), a serine protease stored in azurophilic\u0000granules of neutrophils, actively participates in airway remodeling and microbiocidal activity. It hydrolyzes elastin, collagen, and other vital extracellular matrix proteins (EMP) in the respiratory tissue. In addition, neutrophil elastase activates other principal proteinases such as matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Cathepsin B, Meprin α protease, and Calpain that amplify EMP degradation. Macrophage, the primary leukocyte, responsible for lung parenchymal inflammation in COPD,\u0000is also activated by NE. However, neutrophil elastase level is positively correlated with the degree\u0000of airway inflammation and disease severity. Neutrophil elastase activates reactive oxygengenerating systems such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and\u0000myeloperoxidase and it also generates mitochondrial-derived-reactive oxygen species formation by\u0000inducing the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 andTumour necrosis factor (TNF)- α. In addition, neutrophil elastase stimulates respiratory cell apoptosis by direct (e.g., activating the caspase-3 pathway) and indirect mechanisms (e.g., by secretion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps). Surprisingly,\u0000neutrophil elastase may have small anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, neutrophil elastase\u0000is one of the main culprits responsible for COPD pathogenesis by mediating the activation of Triad\u0000COPD pathogenesis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220922101735
Amal Miqdadi, Imad Abousahfa, Mourad Nafaa, Mostapha Noussair, S. Jidane, L. Belyamani
To date, the vaccine is the only weapon to stop the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. But, several clinical cases of complications have been reported in the literature especially allergic reactions. We report a case of 35-year-old woman, known asthmatic with history of a chronic urticaria, an allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and an angioedema after taking NSAIDs. The patient presented 10 minutes after vaccination by Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, an immediate allergic reaction complicated 12 hours after, by an angioedema. During the first wave of COVID-19, and after initiation of the vaccination program in Morocco, vaccinating people with severe allergies was not recommended. This reality was changed after the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 Delta, on condition of doing it under medical monitoring. We should propose to all risky persons to take a premedication if needed to avoid such reactions considering the benefits incurred. The use of anti-histamines seems to be necessary. But as in our patient’s case, anti-histamines alone were not sufficient to avoid this local reaction. They probably reduced the intensity of the reaction but did not avoid it. Therefore, we should propose a combination of drugs made by corticosteroids and anti-histamines as a premedication may be a safe alternative to the risky patients and last but not least a close monitoring should be proposed. The main purpose of this case if to raise awareness of this side effect among practitioners and make them capable to managing it correctly.
{"title":"An immediate allergic reaction following the anti-COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech : A case report","authors":"Amal Miqdadi, Imad Abousahfa, Mourad Nafaa, Mostapha Noussair, S. Jidane, L. Belyamani","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220922101735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220922101735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To date, the vaccine is the only weapon to stop the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. But, several clinical cases of complications have been reported in the literature especially allergic reactions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We report a case of 35-year-old woman, known asthmatic with history of a chronic urticaria, an allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and an angioedema after taking NSAIDs. The patient presented 10 minutes after vaccination by Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, an immediate allergic reaction complicated 12 hours after, by an angioedema.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000During the first wave of COVID-19, and after initiation of the vaccination program in Morocco, vaccinating people with severe allergies was not recommended. This reality was changed after the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 Delta, on condition of doing it under medical monitoring. We should propose to all risky persons to take a premedication if needed to avoid such reactions considering the benefits incurred. The use of anti-histamines seems to be necessary. But as in our patient’s case, anti-histamines alone were not sufficient to avoid this local reaction. They probably reduced the intensity of the reaction but did not avoid it. Therefore, we should propose a combination of drugs made by corticosteroids and anti-histamines as a premedication may be a safe alternative to the risky patients and last but not least a close monitoring should be proposed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main purpose of this case if to raise awareness of this side effect among practitioners and make them capable to managing it correctly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49480354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220920120531
K. Hon, K. Leung
Coronavirus diseases, from SARS, to MERS and now COVID-19 have major implications on the aviation industry and international travels. Although many cities and countries are adopting ‘live with COVID’ strategies, various rules and regulations are still in place. Documents demonstrating COVID-19 vaccination or recovery from the disease have now become a basic requirement to enter many travel destinations, while some of which still require pre-entry and/or post-arrival testing of COVID-19. Recently, the author’s household became COVID-19 positive in late March 2022 by rapid antigen test (RAT) in Singapore whilst enroute to Hong Kong. This had an immediate knock-on impact on hotel quarantine and travel arrangements. Rapid antigen test (RAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based tests have been used for quarantine, isolation and international travel purposes. The implications and issues of these tests are discussed. Ideally, a COVID-19 test that is fit for purpose should aim at identifying individuals who are infectious with risk of transmission only. Frequent surveillance with an effective RAT may be a more practical solution to normalize international travel without compromising public safety. Meanwhile, physicians have an important role in counselling anxious and often confused travelers before and during international travels. International travelers should be aware of the implications of these COVID-19 testing results; and plan, schedule and have travel insurance accordingly.
{"title":"COVID-19 tests and international travel: How long will you test positive for SAR-CoV-2","authors":"K. Hon, K. Leung","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220920120531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220920120531","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronavirus diseases, from SARS, to MERS and now COVID-19 have major implications on the aviation industry and international travels. Although many cities and countries are adopting ‘live with COVID’ strategies, various rules and regulations are still in place. Documents demonstrating COVID-19 vaccination or recovery from the disease have now become a basic requirement to enter many travel destinations, while some of which still require pre-entry and/or post-arrival testing of COVID-19. Recently, the author’s household became COVID-19 positive in late March 2022 by rapid antigen test (RAT) in Singapore whilst enroute to Hong Kong. This had an immediate knock-on impact on hotel quarantine and travel arrangements. Rapid antigen test (RAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based tests have been used for quarantine, isolation and international travel purposes. The implications and issues of these tests are discussed. Ideally, a COVID-19 test that is fit for purpose should aim at identifying individuals who are infectious with risk of transmission only. Frequent surveillance with an effective RAT may be a more practical solution to normalize international travel without compromising public safety. Meanwhile, physicians have an important role in counselling anxious and often confused travelers before and during international travels. International travelers should be aware of the implications of these COVID-19 testing results; and plan, schedule and have travel insurance accordingly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220915111251
Tesema Etefa, Urge Gerema, Mengistu Ayele, Bekalu Getachew, Diriba Dereje, N. Hamba, S. Tesfaye
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The pathophysiology of health problems related to OSA is most strongly linked to irregular hypoxia, which results in cell function damage. In our investigation, no determinants of the OSA were found. The pathophysiology of OSA-related health problems is most significantly associated with irregular hypoxia, which induces damage to cell functions. Determinants of the OSA were not identified in our study. The aim of this study was to assess obstructive sleep apnea among adult hypertensive patients on follows up at Jimma Medical center (JMC) in 2020. An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out at the JMC clinic during follow-up care. All hypertensive patients who attended the JMC's chronic follow-up clinic were our baseline populations, while those who gave their consent and met our inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled as study participants. The data were sorted and entered into the computer using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for analysis. Frequency, percentage, and mean were calculated for descriptive statistics. A total of 291 adult hypertension patients on follow-up care at the JMC were included in the study, comprising 155 (53.3%) men and 136 (46.7%) women. The age of the participants ranged from 2874 years, and the mean age was 51 years. Of the 291 hypertensive patients screened for OSA using the STOP-Bang questionnaire, 187 (64.3%) were classified as high risk for OSA. The present study showed that the prevalence of OSA is considerably high, with remarkable fluctuations and increases with age. It is also associated with gender. Men are most affected by OSA compared to women.
{"title":"Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Adult Hypertensive Patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center","authors":"Tesema Etefa, Urge Gerema, Mengistu Ayele, Bekalu Getachew, Diriba Dereje, N. Hamba, S. Tesfaye","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220915111251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220915111251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The pathophysiology of health problems related to OSA is most strongly linked to irregular hypoxia, which results in cell function damage. In our investigation, no determinants of the OSA were found. The pathophysiology of OSA-related health problems is most significantly associated with irregular hypoxia, which induces damage to cell functions. Determinants of the OSA were not identified in our study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study was to assess obstructive sleep apnea among adult hypertensive patients on follows up at Jimma Medical center (JMC) in 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out at the JMC clinic during follow-up care. All hypertensive patients who attended the JMC's chronic follow-up clinic were our baseline populations, while those who gave their consent and met our inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled as study participants. The data were sorted and entered into the computer using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for analysis. Frequency, percentage, and mean were calculated for descriptive statistics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 291 adult hypertension patients on follow-up care at the JMC were included in the study, comprising 155 (53.3%) men and 136 (46.7%) women. The age of the participants ranged from 2874 years, and the mean age was 51 years. Of the 291 hypertensive patients screened for OSA using the STOP-Bang questionnaire, 187 (64.3%) were classified as high risk for OSA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study showed that the prevalence of OSA is considerably high, with remarkable fluctuations and increases with age. It is also associated with gender. Men are most affected by OSA compared to women.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220912094255
A. Ehab, A. Shalabi, Avinash Nawgiri, Florian Reissfelder, T. Graeter
Intrathoracic teratoma is a form of germ cell tumors and is mostly found in the anterior mediastinum. Isolated intrapulmonary teratoma (IPT) is by far a rarity. The clinical presentation is often non-specific and radiological images – in most of the cases- is not sufficient to establish a final diagnosis. Surgical resection is the gold standard curative treatment after proper preoperative assessment. In this case report, we describe a case of an IPT in a 33 year old female patient, who presented with hemoptysis, and was successfully treated with right upper lobe resection. The diagnosis was histologically proven as a mature IPT. IPT is extremely rare. Surgical resection is the gold standard method for both diagnostic and curative purposes. Strict preoperative assessment should be performed to exclude other cases of lung masses.
{"title":"Mature teratoma revisited: a rare isolated intrapulmonary presentation: Case report","authors":"A. Ehab, A. Shalabi, Avinash Nawgiri, Florian Reissfelder, T. Graeter","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220912094255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220912094255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Intrathoracic teratoma is a form of germ cell tumors and is mostly found in the anterior mediastinum. Isolated intrapulmonary teratoma (IPT) is by far a rarity. The clinical presentation is often non-specific and radiological images – in most of the cases- is not sufficient to establish a final diagnosis. \u0000Surgical resection is the gold standard curative treatment after proper preoperative assessment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this case report, we describe a case of an IPT in a 33 year old female patient, who presented with hemoptysis, and was successfully treated with right upper lobe resection. The diagnosis was histologically proven as a mature IPT.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000IPT is extremely rare. Surgical resection is the gold standard method for both diagnostic and curative purposes. Strict preoperative assessment should be performed to exclude other cases of lung masses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.2174/1573398x18666220903121800
S. Duong-Quy, Thu Vo-Pham-Minh, Van Duong-Thi-Thanh, T. Craig, V. Nguyen-Nhu
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease and also a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The frequent readmissions of patients with COPD may reduce lung function, mental health, and quality of life; it also increases the cost of treatment and mortality rate. There are some common factors that may increase the readmission frequency of COPD patients such as delay of diagnosis, advanced lung function decline, lack of adherence for COPD treatment, and ineffective management of comorbidities and acute exacerbation or stable COPD, and infections. However, these factors might be well controlled with appropriate approaches to minimize the readmission of patients with COPD. In this review, we propose a strategy with seven-step approach to reduce the readmission in COPD patients, including early diagnosis of COPD, optimal treatment for stable COPD, targeted management of comorbidities, adequate therapy for acute exacerbations, individualized action plans for COPD patients, effective prevention of bacterial and viral infections, and adaptive program of pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, the implement of this approach may reduce the risk of readmission in patients with COPD.
{"title":"Clinical Approaches To Minimize Readmissions Of Patients With Copd: A Narrative Review","authors":"S. Duong-Quy, Thu Vo-Pham-Minh, Van Duong-Thi-Thanh, T. Craig, V. Nguyen-Nhu","doi":"10.2174/1573398x18666220903121800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573398x18666220903121800","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease and also a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The frequent readmissions of patients with COPD may reduce lung function, mental health, and quality of life; it also increases the cost of treatment and mortality rate. There are some common factors that may increase the readmission frequency of COPD patients such as delay of diagnosis, advanced lung function decline, lack of adherence for COPD treatment, and ineffective management of comorbidities and acute exacerbation or stable COPD, and infections. However, these factors might be well controlled with appropriate approaches to minimize the readmission of patients with COPD. In this review, we propose a strategy with seven-step approach to reduce the readmission in COPD patients, including early diagnosis of COPD, optimal treatment for stable COPD, targeted management of comorbidities, adequate therapy for acute exacerbations, individualized action plans for COPD patients, effective prevention of bacterial and viral infections, and adaptive program of pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, the implement of this approach may reduce the risk of readmission in patients with COPD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44030,"journal":{"name":"Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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