As modern Internet technology advances, some online medicare donation services in China have become available as a new way for the public to respond with financial assistance. This paper aims at identifying, describing, and analyzing the linguistic features of Chinese online medical crowd-funding and investigates how the online help-seekers negotiate their trustworthiness discursively. For this purpose, 500 pieces of help-seekers’ personal statements were collected from crowd-funding website (https://www.qschou.com), described and analyzed in accordance of discourse analysis. Results show that the help-seekers adopted three macro-discursive strategies to construct their trustworthiness: Embodiment-oriented strategy, evidence-motivated strategy, and emotion-oriented strategy. Detailed linguistic and para-linguistic means to realize these strategies are examined in great detail. Further research in this area is needed in order to raise awareness of trustworthiness construction and its difficulties for help-seekers in online crowd-funding scenarios
{"title":"Trust me, trust my words","authors":"Yansheng Mao, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1075/ps.18080.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.18080.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As modern Internet technology advances, some online medicare donation services in China have become available as a\u0000 new way for the public to respond with financial assistance. This paper aims at identifying, describing, and analyzing the\u0000 linguistic features of Chinese online medical crowd-funding and investigates how the online help-seekers negotiate their\u0000 trustworthiness discursively. For this purpose, 500 pieces of help-seekers’ personal statements were collected from crowd-funding\u0000 website (https://www.qschou.com), described and analyzed in accordance of discourse\u0000 analysis. Results show that the help-seekers adopted three macro-discursive strategies to construct their trustworthiness:\u0000 Embodiment-oriented strategy, evidence-motivated strategy, and emotion-oriented strategy. Detailed linguistic and para-linguistic\u0000 means to realize these strategies are examined in great detail. Further research in this area is needed in order to raise\u0000 awareness of trustworthiness construction and its difficulties for help-seekers in online crowd-funding scenarios","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43446687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the effects of English proficiency (EP) and study-abroad (SA) experience on routine production among 143 Chinese university English learners. The interplay of learners’ mastery of prior context (PC) and actual situational context (ASC) knowledge reflected their productive competence of routines (PCR). Participants were divided into three groups based on their EP levels and length of SA experience: high EP without SA, low EP without SA, and high EP with SA. A pilot study with 41 American native speakers was conducted to determine the target response set as the baseline. A seven-item computer-animated production task was used to elicit routines that revealed learners’ mastery of ASC and PC knowledge. The findings revealed that EP was only necessary for learners’ PC knowledge and PCR. SA experience, alongside SA and EP interaction, had a significant impact on both sides of ASC and PC knowledge, as well as learners’ overall PCR.
{"title":"The role of prior and actual situational context in conversational routines produced by Chinese learners of English","authors":"Yuqi Wang","doi":"10.1075/ps.20027.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.20027.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aims to investigate the effects of English proficiency (EP) and study-abroad (SA) experience on routine production among 143 Chinese university English learners. The interplay of learners’ mastery of prior context (PC) and actual situational context (ASC) knowledge reflected their productive competence of routines (PCR). Participants were divided into three groups based on their EP levels and length of SA experience: high EP without SA, low EP without SA, and high EP with SA. A pilot study with 41 American native speakers was conducted to determine the target response set as the baseline. A seven-item computer-animated production task was used to elicit routines that revealed learners’ mastery of ASC and PC knowledge. The findings revealed that EP was only necessary for learners’ PC knowledge and PCR. SA experience, alongside SA and EP interaction, had a significant impact on both sides of ASC and PC knowledge, as well as learners’ overall PCR.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59072604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A highly important societal aspect of language use are pragmatic creative acts and interactions. The ability to, through multimodal interaction, create something new, is primordial for human sociality. In this paper, I propose a theoretical model that enables detailed analysis of situated co-operative creative actions as these naturally emerge in interactional situations. First, I develop the theoretical model by extrapolating from Charles Goodwin’s theory of co-operative action. I then illustrate the model through detailed analysis of a single case where participants interact in a video-mediated robotic context. The model is situated within ethnomethodological multimodal conversation analysis and based on video ethnographic data. This research contributes to the field of creativity and human pragmatic action by providing an applicable model for Situated Co-Operative Creativity, the SCOC model, which can be used for detailed analysis of everyday creativity.
{"title":"Situated co-operative creativity","authors":"B. Due","doi":"10.1075/ps.20031.due","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.20031.due","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A highly important societal aspect of language use are pragmatic creative acts and interactions. The ability to,\u0000 through multimodal interaction, create something new, is primordial for human sociality. In this paper, I propose a theoretical\u0000 model that enables detailed analysis of situated co-operative creative actions as these naturally emerge in interactional\u0000 situations. First, I develop the theoretical model by extrapolating from Charles Goodwin’s theory of co-operative action. I then\u0000 illustrate the model through detailed analysis of a single case where participants interact in a video-mediated robotic context.\u0000 The model is situated within ethnomethodological multimodal conversation analysis and based on video ethnographic data. This\u0000 research contributes to the field of creativity and human pragmatic action by providing an applicable model for Situated\u0000 Co-Operative Creativity, the SCOC model, which can be used for detailed analysis of everyday creativity.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts. The analysis of both interactional data and post-event interview data indicates that the detection of moral transgression and moral identification may outweigh the power relationship and social distance in the interactional practice, and that toast intervention, by default, is relationally constructive even in seemingly conflictive situations. As a complement to previous research on ritual communication, such as countering the heckler and bystander intervention which focus on genuine aggression, this study sheds light on the ritual act of toast intervention as ‘mock intervention’, which is a form of ‘mock moral aggression’ similar to ritual teasing. Thus, this study reveals the greater significance of moral identification compared to other contextual factors, and its role in explaining the relational consequences of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts.
{"title":"The performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts","authors":"Jie Li, Xinren Chen","doi":"10.1075/ps.19047.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.19047.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts. The\u0000 analysis of both interactional data and post-event interview data indicates that the detection of moral transgression and moral\u0000 identification may outweigh the power relationship and social distance in the interactional practice, and that toast intervention,\u0000 by default, is relationally constructive even in seemingly conflictive situations. As a complement to previous research on ritual\u0000 communication, such as countering the heckler and bystander intervention which focus on genuine aggression, this study sheds light\u0000 on the ritual act of toast intervention as ‘mock intervention’, which is a form of ‘mock moral aggression’ similar to ritual\u0000 teasing. Thus, this study reveals the greater significance of moral identification compared to other contextual factors, and its\u0000 role in explaining the relational consequences of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates reduced language in academic textchat. Previous work has suggested that frequency and context play a role in whether items can be reduced. It is demonstrated that students reduce more depending on the pedagogical set-up of the course, in that more reduction took place when the teacher-less pre-seminars came early in the course. Also, it was clear that high frequency items are more subject to reduction. When the topic is clear, items salient in such a discussion can be reduced. Also, the linguistic context of a full form of an item means that subsequent mentions can be reduced. Technical items vary in their behavior, and can be reduced or not. Another main conclusion, though, is that individuals also vary, and, when the context allows for it, can choose to reduce or not.
{"title":"Reduction in and out of context","authors":"Jonathan R. White","doi":"10.1075/ps.18076.whi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.18076.whi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article investigates reduced language in academic textchat. Previous work has suggested that frequency and context play a role in whether items can be reduced. It is demonstrated that students reduce more depending on the pedagogical set-up of the course, in that more reduction took place when the teacher-less pre-seminars came early in the course. Also, it was clear that high frequency items are more subject to reduction. When the topic is clear, items salient in such a discussion can be reduced. Also, the linguistic context of a full form of an item means that subsequent mentions can be reduced. Technical items vary in their behavior, and can be reduced or not. Another main conclusion, though, is that individuals also vary, and, when the context allows for it, can choose to reduce or not.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strategy of jihadist groups is based on objectives that are sometimes global. Specifically, many of these groups argue that Muslims, wherever they live, should fight for the establishment of an Islamic state or, at least, for such a state to be possible elsewhere. Therefore, taking advantage of the emergence of the Internet, they initiated an equally universal narrative strategy, with the production of a great deal of content, especially audiovisual texts. The effects of this material are known and, unfortunately, may be behind the terrorist actions of various individuals in many countries. Hence the concern of academics lies with their analyses and with the development of methodologies that can successfully deal with large amounts of multimodal information. The present research, therefore, aims to apply a quantitative procedure to the analysis of jihadist propaganda. Specifically, the authors have analysed 2,211 videos belonging to different terrorist groups, by applying an image classification algorithm. The results show that this type of approach has realistic possibilities of providing relevant information about this corpus – when realized, they may help to create automated analytical tools capable of dealing with the enormous amount of information that can be disseminated on-line.
{"title":"From image to function","authors":"Javier García‐Marín, Ó. Luengo","doi":"10.1075/ps.21018.gar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.21018.gar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The strategy of jihadist groups is based on objectives that are sometimes global. Specifically, many of these groups argue that Muslims, wherever they live, should fight for the establishment of an Islamic state or, at least, for such a state to be possible elsewhere. Therefore, taking advantage of the emergence of the Internet, they initiated an equally universal narrative strategy, with the production of a great deal of content, especially audiovisual texts. The effects of this material are known and, unfortunately, may be behind the terrorist actions of various individuals in many countries. Hence the concern of academics lies with their analyses and with the development of methodologies that can successfully deal with large amounts of multimodal information. The present research, therefore, aims to apply a quantitative procedure to the analysis of jihadist propaganda. Specifically, the authors have analysed 2,211 videos belonging to different terrorist groups, by applying an image classification algorithm. The results show that this type of approach has realistic possibilities of providing relevant information about this corpus – when realized, they may help to create automated analytical tools capable of dealing with the enormous amount of information that can be disseminated on-line.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Moyano, J. Bélanger, R. Lobato, H. Trujillo
This paper aims to study the process of violent radicalization in El Puche, a marginal neighborhood of Spain with a high percentage of disenfranchised Muslims. Particularly, we explore whether this neighborhood exhibits the factors proposed by the 3N model of radicalization: needs, networks, and narratives. We present two studies in which we analyze these factors. In the first study, we compare needs and networks between Muslims (N = 47) and Christians (N = 45). In the second study, we analyze the interrelation of these factors in a sample of Muslims (N = 111). We found that people’s association with radical networks mediates the relationship between the quest for significance and radical narratives. We conclude that need, network, and narrative are interconnected, and illustrate some of the dynamics that foster social exclusion and radicalization, leading to supporting violence in this type of urban environments.
{"title":"Urban environments favorable to radical narratives","authors":"Manuel Moyano, J. Bélanger, R. Lobato, H. Trujillo","doi":"10.1075/ps.21016.lob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.21016.lob","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper aims to study the process of violent radicalization in El Puche, a marginal neighborhood of Spain with\u0000 a high percentage of disenfranchised Muslims. Particularly, we explore whether this neighborhood exhibits the factors proposed by\u0000 the 3N model of radicalization: needs, networks, and narratives. We present two studies in which we analyze these factors. In the\u0000 first study, we compare needs and networks between Muslims (N = 47) and Christians (N = 45). In\u0000 the second study, we analyze the interrelation of these factors in a sample of Muslims (N = 111). We found that people’s association with radical networks mediates the relationship between the quest for significance and radical narratives. We conclude that need,\u0000 network, and narrative are interconnected, and illustrate some of the dynamics that foster social exclusion and radicalization,\u0000 leading to supporting violence in this type of urban environments.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59072857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Francisco, Miguel-Ángel Benítez-Castro, E. Hidalgo-Tenorio, J. Castro
Extremist online networks reportedly tend to use Twitter and other Social Networking Sites (SNS) in order to issue propaganda and recruitment statements. Traditional machine learning models may encounter problems when used in such a context, due to the peculiarities of microblogging sites and the manner in which these networks interact (both between themselves and with other networks). Moreover, state-of-the-art approaches have focused on non-transparent techniques that cannot be audited; so, despite the fact that they are top performing techniques, it is impossible to check if the models are actually fair. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised methodology that uses our Discriminatory Expressions algorithm for feature selection to detect expressions that are biased towards extremist content (Francisco and Castro 2020). With the help of human experts, the relevant expressions are filtered and used to retrieve further extremist content in order to iteratively provide a set of relevant and accurate expressions. These discriminatory expressions have been proved to produce less complex models that are easier to comprehend, and thus improve model transparency. In the following, we present close to 70 expressions that were discovered by using this method alongside the validation test of the algorithm in several different contexts.
据报道，极端主义网络倾向于使用Twitter和其他社交网站(SNS)来发布宣传和招募声明。传统的机器学习模型在这种情况下使用时可能会遇到问题，因为微博网站的特殊性和这些网络交互的方式(包括它们自己之间和与其他网络之间)。此外，最先进的方法侧重于无法审计的不透明技术;因此，尽管它们是表现最好的技术，但不可能检查这些模型是否真正公平。在本文中，我们提出了一种半监督方法，该方法使用我们的歧视性表达算法进行特征选择，以检测偏向极端主义内容的表达(Francisco and Castro 2020)。在人类专家的帮助下，对相关表达进行过滤，并用于进一步检索极端主义内容，从而迭代地提供一组相关且准确的表达。事实证明，这些歧视性表达产生的模型不那么复杂，更容易理解，从而提高了模型的透明度。在下面，我们展示了近70个表达式，这些表达式是通过使用这种方法以及在几个不同的上下文中对算法进行验证测试而发现的。
{"title":"A semi-supervised algorithm for detecting extremism propaganda diffusion on social media","authors":"M. Francisco, Miguel-Ángel Benítez-Castro, E. Hidalgo-Tenorio, J. Castro","doi":"10.1075/ps.21009.fra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.21009.fra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extremist online networks reportedly tend to use Twitter and other Social Networking Sites (SNS) in order to issue\u0000 propaganda and recruitment statements. Traditional machine learning models may encounter problems when used in such a context, due\u0000 to the peculiarities of microblogging sites and the manner in which these networks interact (both between themselves and with\u0000 other networks). Moreover, state-of-the-art approaches have focused on non-transparent techniques that cannot be audited; so,\u0000 despite the fact that they are top performing techniques, it is impossible to check if the models are actually fair. In this\u0000 paper, we present a semi-supervised methodology that uses our Discriminatory Expressions algorithm for feature\u0000 selection to detect expressions that are biased towards extremist content (Francisco and\u0000 Castro 2020). With the help of human experts, the relevant expressions are filtered and used to retrieve further\u0000 extremist content in order to iteratively provide a set of relevant and accurate expressions. These discriminatory expressions\u0000 have been proved to produce less complex models that are easier to comprehend, and thus improve model transparency. In the\u0000 following, we present close to 70 expressions that were discovered by using this method alongside the validation test of the\u0000 algorithm in several different contexts.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transdisciplinary approaches to the discourse of Islamist extremism","authors":"E. Hidalgo-Tenorio, J. Castro","doi":"10.1075/ps.00058.int","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.00058.int","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44116803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ideological discourse of Jihadist groups like Al Qaeda or Islamic State is largely built on the use of persuasive techniques which act as instruments for radicalisation and recruitment, and more generally, “convince the audience of the veracity of the doctrine presented” (Adam 2017: 5). This article explores the use of metaphor as an important rhetorical and ideological dimension to jihadist texts. Current findings suggest that religious writings often make use of rich conceptual metaphors to convey distinctive ideological perspectives (Prentice, Rayson and Taylor 2012), for instance, the well-known journey conceptual metaphor, with the image schemata of a path, leading towards a better life, reward in an afterlife, moral choice, hope, and a closeness to God (Jäkel 2002). Specifically, the research adopts a Critical Metaphor Analysis framework (Charteris-Black 2004), which combines Corpus Linguistics with Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. The data for this study is taken from a collection of jihadist online magazines. The corpus has been compared against the Qur’an in order to ascertain whether jihadist propaganda writers are inspired by conventional religious tropes as a way of giving authority to their doctrines. The results show that religiously inspired concepts do indeed help the writers to anchor their message to a deeply seated and authoritative set of ideologies. At the same time, semantic and pragmatic differences in the use of these metaphors suggest an ability to manipulate pre-existing conceptualisations in order to fulfil the communicative needs of the writers, i.e. to embody the principles of jihadism. The findings presented here focus on the following domains: religion as a journey; light as good; heat as fighting; and spirituality as nature.
基地组织或伊斯兰国等圣战组织的意识形态话语在很大程度上建立在使用有说服力的技术的基础上，这些技术充当激进化和招募的工具，更广泛地说，“让观众相信所提出的学说的真实性”（Adam 2017: 5） 。本文探讨了隐喻作为圣战文本的一个重要修辞和意识形态维度的使用。目前的研究结果表明，宗教作品经常使用丰富的概念隐喻来传达独特的意识形态视角（Prentice，Rayson和Taylor，2012年），例如，著名的旅程概念隐喻，带有通往更好生活的道路、死后的回报、道德选择、希望和与上帝的亲近的图像图式（Jäkel，2002年）。具体而言，本研究采用了批评隐喻分析框架（Charteris Black 2004），该框架将语料库语言学、认知语言学和批评语篇分析相结合。这项研究的数据来自圣战分子的在线杂志。该语料库与《古兰经》进行了比较，以确定圣战宣传作家是否受到传统宗教比喻的启发，以此来赋予他们的教义权威。研究结果表明，宗教启发的概念确实有助于作家将他们的信息锚定在一套根深蒂固的权威意识形态上。同时，这些隐喻使用中的语义和语用差异表明，有能力操纵预先存在的概念，以满足作家的交流需求，即体现圣战主义的原则。本文的研究结果集中在以下领域：宗教是一段旅程；轻如好；热如战斗；以及作为自然的精神。
{"title":"Under the shadow of swords: The Rhetoric of Jihad","authors":"K. Patterson","doi":"10.1075/ps.21017.pat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.21017.pat","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The ideological discourse of Jihadist groups like Al Qaeda or Islamic State is largely built on the use of persuasive techniques which act as instruments for radicalisation and recruitment, and more generally, “convince the audience of the veracity of the doctrine presented” (Adam 2017: 5). This article explores the use of metaphor as an important rhetorical and ideological dimension to jihadist texts. Current findings suggest that religious writings often make use of rich conceptual metaphors to convey distinctive ideological perspectives (Prentice, Rayson and Taylor 2012), for instance, the well-known journey conceptual metaphor, with the image schemata of a path, leading towards a better life, reward in an afterlife, moral choice, hope, and a closeness to God (Jäkel 2002). Specifically, the research adopts a Critical Metaphor Analysis framework (Charteris-Black 2004), which combines Corpus Linguistics with Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. The data for this study is taken from a collection of jihadist online magazines. The corpus has been compared against the Qur’an in order to ascertain whether jihadist propaganda writers are inspired by conventional religious tropes as a way of giving authority to their doctrines. The results show that religiously inspired concepts do indeed help the writers to anchor their message to a deeply seated and authoritative set of ideologies. At the same time, semantic and pragmatic differences in the use of these metaphors suggest an ability to manipulate pre-existing conceptualisations in order to fulfil the communicative needs of the writers, i.e. to embody the principles of jihadism. The findings presented here focus on the following domains: religion as a journey; light as good; heat as fighting; and spirituality as nature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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