Drawing data from the recordings of natural conversations and meta-pragmatic comments, and combining the neo-Brown and Levinson approach and the relational work framework, this paper explored how Saudi female friends manage friendly informal settings and hospitality despite culture-specific politeness expectations. The analysis focused on just one of the discursive strategies in which the direction of displaying hospitality is turned around, i.e. displayed by the guests rather than the host(ess). This strategy constituted a noticeable behaviour among the 13 close friends observed in this study. Cooperative conjoint hospitality was particularly useful for maintaining and enhancing rapport, in-group membership, and solidarity among the friends and minimising hospitality obligations of the hostess. The analysis demonstrated how such behaviour was consistent with the politeness norms negotiated in the close friends’ community of practice (CofP) but differed from the politeness norms in the wider culture.
{"title":"“Not everything is on the hostess”","authors":"Inas I. Almusallam","doi":"10.1075/ps.22059.alm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.22059.alm","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing data from the recordings of natural conversations and meta-pragmatic comments, and combining the neo-Brown and Levinson approach and the relational work framework, this paper explored how Saudi female friends manage friendly informal settings and hospitality despite culture-specific politeness expectations. The analysis focused on just one of the discursive strategies in which the direction of displaying hospitality is turned around, i.e. displayed by the guests rather than the host(ess). This strategy constituted a noticeable behaviour among the 13 close friends observed in this study. Cooperative conjoint hospitality was particularly useful for maintaining and enhancing rapport, in-group membership, and solidarity among the friends and minimising hospitality obligations of the hostess. The analysis demonstrated how such behaviour was consistent with the politeness norms negotiated in the close friends’ community of practice (CofP) but differed from the politeness norms in the wider culture.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study explores the dynamics of code choices in interactions involving bilingual people living with dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT) and their primary care partners, focusing on two narrative interviews held in private settings. Drawing on a combination of Communication Accommodation Theory and Conversation Analysis, it takes account of the patterns, communicative functions and effects of code choices and code switching as practices of interactional adjustment. The qualitative analysis sheds light on inclusive and non-inclusive interactional adjustments expressed through code choices by individual speakers, especially focusing on code accommodation at turn boundaries. Results indicate a high language awareness in the two speakers living with DAT and positive communicational outcomes when code accommodation is performed by the conversational partner.
本案例研究探讨了双语阿尔茨海默型痴呆症（DAT）患者及其主要护理伙伴在互动中的语码选择动态，重点是在私人场合进行的两次叙述性访谈。该研究结合了交流调适理论和会话分析法，考虑到了作为互动调适实践的语码选择和语码转换的模式、交流功能和效果。定性分析揭示了个别说话者通过语码选择所表达的包容性和非包容性互动调整，尤其侧重于转折界限处的语码调适。结果表明，两名患有 DAT 的说话者具有较高的语言意识，当对话伙伴进行代码调适时，会产生积极的交际效果。
{"title":"Code accommodation as a measure of inclusion for bilingual people living with dementia of the Alzheimer’s\u0000 type","authors":"C. Schneider, Birte Bös","doi":"10.1075/ps.23042.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23042.sch","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This case study explores the dynamics of code choices in interactions involving bilingual people living with\u0000 dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT) and their primary care partners, focusing on two narrative interviews held in private\u0000 settings. Drawing on a combination of Communication Accommodation Theory and Conversation Analysis, it takes account of the\u0000 patterns, communicative functions and effects of code choices and code switching as practices of interactional adjustment. The\u0000 qualitative analysis sheds light on inclusive and non-inclusive interactional adjustments expressed through code choices by\u0000 individual speakers, especially focusing on code accommodation at turn boundaries. Results indicate a high language awareness in\u0000 the two speakers living with DAT and positive communicational outcomes when code accommodation is performed by the conversational\u0000 partner.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"36 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyd H. Davis, M. Maclagan, Meredith Troutman-Jordan
This study traces the initial processes in creating and assessing ‘comics,’ or graphic materials of various sorts, which illustrate situations in dementia caregiving. Dementia care materials intended for paid caregivers need to accommodate three related work situations (home care aides, residential care aides and nursing assistants), and be comprehensible for low-literacy and second-language caregivers. Their creation draws on pragmatic constructs underlying an emphasis on reading oneself into the materials and on interpersonal interaction between caregiver and recipient. While our focus here is on English, we also illustrate our work with Filipino, Latin American Spanish, and Taiwanese Mandarin.
{"title":"Learning from initial reviews of multilingual graphics illustrating dementia caregiving","authors":"Boyd H. Davis, M. Maclagan, Meredith Troutman-Jordan","doi":"10.1075/ps.23065.dav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23065.dav","url":null,"abstract":"This study traces the initial processes in creating and assessing ‘comics,’ or graphic materials of various sorts, which illustrate situations in dementia caregiving. Dementia care materials intended for paid caregivers need to accommodate three related work situations (home care aides, residential care aides and nursing assistants), and be comprehensible for low-literacy and second-language caregivers. Their creation draws on pragmatic constructs underlying an emphasis on reading oneself into the materials and on interpersonal interaction between caregiver and recipient. While our focus here is on English, we also illustrate our work with Filipino, Latin American Spanish, and Taiwanese Mandarin.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"29 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humor has been found to be used as a discourse strategy for negotiating power relations and mitigating FTAs in institutional elderly care. Drawing from two years of ethnography in two adult day centers in Taiwan, this article examines verbal play between a person living with dementia and a caregiver over time to illustrate how verbal play is used as meaningful, tailored practices for person-centered dementia care that leads to enhanced cognition and positive emotion. The caregiver’s framing of dementia care as person-centered and her laminating multiple frames of interactions to enrich communicative environments provides a fruitful approach to dementia care in institutional contexts and beyond.
{"title":"Verbal play in dementia care","authors":"Shumin Lin","doi":"10.1075/ps.23050.lin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23050.lin","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Humor has been found to be used as a discourse strategy for negotiating power relations and mitigating FTAs in institutional elderly care. Drawing from two years of ethnography in two adult day centers in Taiwan, this article examines verbal play between a person living with dementia and a caregiver over time to illustrate how verbal play is used as meaningful, tailored practices for person-centered dementia care that leads to enhanced cognition and positive emotion. The caregiver’s framing of dementia care as person-centered and her laminating multiple frames of interactions to enrich communicative environments provides a fruitful approach to dementia care in institutional contexts and beyond.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using recorded interactions between nursing home residents and care staff, this study demonstrates interactional strategies of younger recreation workers during a weekly recreational activity named Tea Time Talk that serves to reduce generational as well as epistemic gaps with the residents. This study focuses on how older residents’ reference to memory loss or forgetfulness is deindividuated and trivialized by humorously framing it as something the participants can forget together. I will claim that such intergenerational interactions on a regular basis help create solidarity between the residents and nursing home staff, as well as maintain dignity of and respect towards the older residents who often experience a sense of exclusion from the ‘here and now’ which affects their life satisfaction at the end-of-life stage.
{"title":"“Let’s Just Forget It!”","authors":"Toshiko Hamaguchi","doi":"10.1075/ps.23057.ham","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23057.ham","url":null,"abstract":"Using recorded interactions between nursing home residents and care staff, this study demonstrates interactional strategies of younger recreation workers during a weekly recreational activity named Tea Time Talk that serves to reduce generational as well as epistemic gaps with the residents. This study focuses on how older residents’ reference to memory loss or forgetfulness is deindividuated and trivialized by humorously framing it as something the participants can forget together. I will claim that such intergenerational interactions on a regular basis help create solidarity between the residents and nursing home staff, as well as maintain dignity of and respect towards the older residents who often experience a sense of exclusion from the ‘here and now’ which affects their life satisfaction at the end-of-life stage.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"60 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language as a primary vehicle for communication and cognition is intimately linked to the construction of identities and social relationships, and to social participation and inclusion. By means of appraisal analysis (a tool grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics) of interview data, we explored attitudes to language(s), speakers and language use in a nursing home for older people in Ireland, where a large proportion of residents and staff are bilingual in Irish and English. We found that in their interviews, participating residents accord high value to their bilingualism and status of native Irish speakers. Participating staff members emphasize the value of Irish for relationship building and positive interactions among residents and staff. Residents’ strong bilingual identities and language preferences set a standard for deliberately bilingual practices, which affirm the local linguistic and cultural identity, while also actively including non-Irish speaking residents by treating both languages as resources for belonging.
{"title":"Attitudes to language and bilingualism in residential care for older persons in Ireland","authors":"Nicole Müller, Angela M. Medina","doi":"10.1075/ps.23064.mul","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23064.mul","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Language as a primary vehicle for communication and cognition is intimately linked to the construction of identities and social relationships, and to social participation and inclusion. By means of appraisal analysis (a tool grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics) of interview data, we explored attitudes to language(s), speakers and language use in a nursing home for older people in Ireland, where a large proportion of residents and staff are bilingual in Irish and English. We found that in their interviews, participating residents accord high value to their bilingualism and status of native Irish speakers. Participating staff members emphasize the value of Irish for relationship building and positive interactions among residents and staff. Residents’ strong bilingual identities and language preferences set a standard for deliberately bilingual practices, which affirm the local linguistic and cultural identity, while also actively including non-Irish speaking residents by treating both languages as resources for belonging.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"136 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People living with a dementia and their family carers are at high risk of being excluded from the contact, activities, information and services that help them remain resilient. Using interview data from family dementia carers, this article explores the sources of enablement and inhibition in accessing these aspects of social inclusion. Carers and those living with a dementia are found to inhibit and enable social inclusion for themselves, each other, and other carers. However, carers attribute most agency to the external environment: what is provided and how easy it is to access, along with the attitudes and beliefs of others. Poor communication surfaces as an impediment to social inclusion, with carers often left trying to bridge communicative gaps despite limited knowledge and self-confidence.
{"title":"Determiners of social inclusion and exclusion in the dementia context","authors":"Alison Wray, Axel Bergström","doi":"10.1075/ps.23051.wra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23051.wra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 People living with a dementia and their family carers are at high risk of being excluded from the contact,\u0000 activities, information and services that help them remain resilient. Using interview data from family dementia carers, this\u0000 article explores the sources of enablement and inhibition in accessing these aspects of social inclusion. Carers and those living\u0000 with a dementia are found to inhibit and enable social inclusion for themselves, each other, and other carers. However, carers\u0000 attribute most agency to the external environment: what is provided and how easy it is to access, along with the attitudes and\u0000 beliefs of others. Poor communication surfaces as an impediment to social inclusion, with carers often left trying to bridge\u0000 communicative gaps despite limited knowledge and self-confidence.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights co-participant strategies during conversations involving participants diagnosed with dementia that encourage continued, productive interaction fostering inclusivity. The conversation excerpts illustrate positive results when non-impaired co-participants respond to impaired syntax as though it makes sense or as if it completes a coherent syntactic–semantic action. Helpful co-participants yield control of conversations, rather than issuing corrections; demonstrate an acuity for when to divert topics; and acknowledge their co-participants’ concerns. In contrast, non-inclusive strategies include overuse of questions, overcorrecting, minimizing dementia symptoms, or dismissing co-participants’ concerns, which frequently result in persons with dementia resisting or withdrawing from conversations, often accompanied by displays of anger. The goal is to raise awareness of strategies which promise an increase in and longer duration of interactions, decrease loneliness, and increase health and emotional outcomes of older persons.
{"title":"Conversation practices that foster or hinder inclusivity during interactions involving persons with dementia","authors":"Trini Stickle","doi":"10.1075/ps.23052.sti","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23052.sti","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article highlights co-participant strategies during conversations involving participants diagnosed with dementia that encourage continued, productive interaction fostering inclusivity. The conversation excerpts illustrate positive results when non-impaired co-participants respond to impaired syntax as though it makes sense or as if it completes a coherent syntactic–semantic action. Helpful co-participants yield control of conversations, rather than issuing corrections; demonstrate an acuity for when to divert topics; and acknowledge their co-participants’ concerns. In contrast, non-inclusive strategies include overuse of questions, overcorrecting, minimizing dementia symptoms, or dismissing co-participants’ concerns, which frequently result in persons with dementia resisting or withdrawing from conversations, often accompanied by displays of anger. The goal is to raise awareness of strategies which promise an increase in and longer duration of interactions, decrease loneliness, and increase health and emotional outcomes of older persons.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiko Matsumoto, Harumi Maeda, E. Wan, Hsiao-Wen Liao
To help older adults living with cognitive impairments to engage in positive social interactions and maintain verbal creativity, intergenerational small-group sessions of haiku creation and appreciation activity were conducted online during the pandemic. Haiku, a short 17-syllable form of poetry originating in Japan, conveys simple yet emotive seasonal images free from the complexity or logical continuity required of prose. Accordingly, it offers anyone the challenge of an unfamiliar activity while minimizing impediment from linguistic and memory difficulties. The participants’ interactions during the activity and post-session interviews reveal that for both young and old, the haiku creation format facilitated self-expression and sharing of personal narratives. The key to meaningful interaction was the equal positioning of persons with and without cognitive impairments and their efforts to understand their interlocutor’s purpose and conversational direction. The study encourages further studies in pragmatics centered on affect-oriented communication.
{"title":"On an even playing field of haiku making","authors":"Yoshiko Matsumoto, Harumi Maeda, E. Wan, Hsiao-Wen Liao","doi":"10.1075/ps.23037.mat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23037.mat","url":null,"abstract":"To help older adults living with cognitive impairments to engage in positive social interactions and maintain verbal creativity, intergenerational small-group sessions of haiku creation and appreciation activity were conducted online during the pandemic. Haiku, a short 17-syllable form of poetry originating in Japan, conveys simple yet emotive seasonal images free from the complexity or logical continuity required of prose. Accordingly, it offers anyone the challenge of an unfamiliar activity while minimizing impediment from linguistic and memory difficulties. The participants’ interactions during the activity and post-session interviews reveal that for both young and old, the haiku creation format facilitated self-expression and sharing of personal narratives. The key to meaningful interaction was the equal positioning of persons with and without cognitive impairments and their efforts to understand their interlocutor’s purpose and conversational direction. The study encourages further studies in pragmatics centered on affect-oriented communication.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through an observation of naturally-occurring medical openings in China, we show that problem solicitation is not necessarily a routine practice in medical consultations. There are four common conversational slots in a Chinese medical opening allowing an unsolicited problem presentation, featuring a common deep structure – a generic pre-sequence followed by the specific base sequence of problem presentation. Three logically connected factors distinguishing Chinese medical openings from their Western counterparts are identified to provide the rationale for the normality of unsolicited problem presentation in China. The study enriches the understanding of culture-specificity in certain local structural organization of medical consultations, calls for activity-specific reconsideration of medical authority and reveals further resemblance between medical consultations and service encounters.
{"title":"Chinese patients’ unsolicited presentation of primary concerns","authors":"Zi Yang, Xueming Wang","doi":"10.1075/ps.20063.yan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.20063.yan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Through an observation of naturally-occurring medical openings in China, we show that problem solicitation is not\u0000 necessarily a routine practice in medical consultations. There are four common conversational slots in a Chinese medical opening\u0000 allowing an unsolicited problem presentation, featuring a common deep structure – a generic pre-sequence followed by the specific\u0000 base sequence of problem presentation. Three logically connected factors distinguishing Chinese medical openings from their\u0000 Western counterparts are identified to provide the rationale for the normality of unsolicited problem presentation in China. The\u0000 study enriches the understanding of culture-specificity in certain local structural organization of medical consultations, calls\u0000 for activity-specific reconsideration of medical authority and reveals further resemblance between medical consultations and\u0000 service encounters.","PeriodicalId":44036,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"15 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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