Piracy is traditionally one of the oldest forms of violation of international law and a global threat to maritime traffic. It is a serious international offense against which criminal protection is ensured in the domestic legal system, relying on the postulates of international maritime law, and in particular the Convention on the Law of the Sea. In this paper, the authors deal with the legal analysis of the incrimination of piracy at the international and national levels. In relation to the Republic of Croatia, the authors present recent regulations regarding this international criminal offense in the domestic legal system. This paper aims to point out the fundamental problems caused by the existing regulations regarding this international crime, especially when it comes to jurisdiction over piracy, universal jurisdiction, taking over criminal prosecution, etc.
{"title":"Criminal law aspects of piracy at sea according to the UNCLOS with reference to the Croatian legal system1","authors":"Maja Buhovac, M. Pilić, S. Jukić","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Piracy is traditionally one of the oldest forms of violation of international law and a global threat to maritime traffic. It is a serious international offense against which criminal protection is ensured in the domestic legal system, relying on the postulates of international maritime law, and in particular the Convention on the Law of the Sea. In this paper, the authors deal with the legal analysis of the incrimination of piracy at the international and national levels. In relation to the Republic of Croatia, the authors present recent regulations regarding this international criminal offense in the domestic legal system. This paper aims to point out the fundamental problems caused by the existing regulations regarding this international crime, especially when it comes to jurisdiction over piracy, universal jurisdiction, taking over criminal prosecution, etc.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to segment recreational boats according to their basic parameters in order to develop marketing strategies and to investigate the benefit/cost factors in consumer preferences across segments. For this purpose, 69 recreational boats under 10 meters exhibited at the Istanbul Boat Show were clustered using basic parameters. In the study, in which hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis were used, the boats were divided into four clusters and these results were intended to create an input in the marketing strategies of the boats. These clusters are labelled from the lowest segment to the highest segment, A, B, C and D in ascending order. Based on the calculated averages of these segments for five variables, their intended use is introduced. This segmentation provides guiding findings in different areas such as marketing, advertising and production strategies from the arrangement of the boats within the fair. In addition, alternative actions have been determined for both the customer and the seller by revealing the costs to be incurred in the event that customers prefer different segments.
{"title":"Market Segmentation of Leisure Boats Exhibited in the Boat Show by Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques","authors":"Alper Kilic, Emrah Akdamar","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to segment recreational boats according to their basic parameters in order to develop marketing strategies and to investigate the benefit/cost factors in consumer preferences across segments. For this purpose, 69 recreational boats under 10 meters exhibited at the Istanbul Boat Show were clustered using basic parameters. In the study, in which hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis were used, the boats were divided into four clusters and these results were intended to create an input in the marketing strategies of the boats. These clusters are labelled from the lowest segment to the highest segment, A, B, C and D in ascending order. Based on the calculated averages of these segments for five variables, their intended use is introduced. This segmentation provides guiding findings in different areas such as marketing, advertising and production strategies from the arrangement of the boats within the fair. In addition, alternative actions have been determined for both the customer and the seller by revealing the costs to be incurred in the event that customers prefer different segments.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42417356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primorje-Gorski Kotar County has eight county port authorities operating since 1999, which manage a total of 101 ports open for public transport, 27 of which are of county importance and 74 ports are of local importance. The focus of this article is directed on county ports communal areas open for public transport, i.e. on communal berths in such ports. The article processes a number of communal berths managed by each county port authority in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, including the amount of compensation for such moorings. The number of requests for communal berths for each of the eight county port authorities was collected by field research to compare the current capacity with the required capacity of communal moorings. The problems which occur during the use of communal berths and possible solutions to those problems will also be presented in the article.
{"title":"Specific traits of communal berths in ports open to public transport in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County","authors":"Lora Legac, Đani Mohović","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Primorje-Gorski Kotar County has eight county port authorities operating since 1999, which manage a total of 101 ports open for public transport, 27 of which are of county importance and 74 ports are of local importance. The focus of this article is directed on county ports communal areas open for public transport, i.e. on communal berths in such ports. The article processes a number of communal berths managed by each county port authority in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, including the amount of compensation for such moorings. The number of requests for communal berths for each of the eight county port authorities was collected by field research to compare the current capacity with the required capacity of communal moorings. The problems which occur during the use of communal berths and possible solutions to those problems will also be presented in the article.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46061952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is the analysis of the existing maritime domain management system in Croatia, with a special attention to the port system management compared to maritime domain and port management systems in Italy, Spain and France. The research shows that Croatia does not have the strategy for integrated management of maritime domain. In respect of the size of national territory covered by maritime domain and its importance for the general Croatian economy, especially for tourism, we believe that is undeniable that this issue should be regulated as follows: the newly established Public Institution for Integrated Maritime Domain Management should manage the maritime domain and it should have branches on regional level. Thereby the management system of maritime domain would finally be consistent, managed from one place and under management of experts. At the same time, the strategy would be the base for the reform of the existing MDSA or for the completely new law on maritime domain and seaports.
{"title":"The Public Institution for Integrated Maritime Domain Management in Croatia – role and functions","authors":"A. Vuković, Željko Mišić","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is the analysis of the existing maritime domain management system in Croatia, with a special attention to the port system management compared to maritime domain and port management systems in Italy, Spain and France. The research shows that Croatia does not have the strategy for integrated management of maritime domain. In respect of the size of national territory covered by maritime domain and its importance for the general Croatian economy, especially for tourism, we believe that is undeniable that this issue should be regulated as follows: the newly established Public Institution for Integrated Maritime Domain Management should manage the maritime domain and it should have branches on regional level. Thereby the management system of maritime domain would finally be consistent, managed from one place and under management of experts. At the same time, the strategy would be the base for the reform of the existing MDSA or for the completely new law on maritime domain and seaports.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69635710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonija Mišura, Tatjana Stanivuk, J. Šoda, Alen Jugović
One of the preconditions for good quality management of seaports is forecasting the traffic according to the number of passengers and the number of vehicles; in this way it is possible to plan and prepare activities for the smooth operation of the ports. This paper researches the port system as part of the coastal liner maritime transport. The set hypothesis is that the model of forecasting the traffic could be presented as a function of two variables. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to select the forecasting parameters. Based on the choice of parameters, using the Least Squares Method (LSM), the trend analysis is performed to choose the forecasting functions for maritime liner transport on the example of the Split City port. The statistical analysis on the choosed forecasting model using the coefficient of determination r2 and adjusted r2 model is performed to confirm the choice.
{"title":"Model of short-term forecasting liner maritime transport in the port system","authors":"Antonija Mišura, Tatjana Stanivuk, J. Šoda, Alen Jugović","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"One of the preconditions for good quality management of seaports is forecasting the traffic according to the number of passengers and the number of vehicles; in this way it is possible to plan and prepare activities for the smooth operation of the ports. This paper researches the port system as part of the coastal liner maritime transport. The set hypothesis is that the model of forecasting the traffic could be presented as a function of two variables. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to select the forecasting parameters. Based on the choice of parameters, using the Least Squares Method (LSM), the trend analysis is performed to choose the forecasting functions for maritime liner transport on the example of the Split City port. The statistical analysis on the choosed forecasting model using the coefficient of determination r2 and adjusted r2 model is performed to confirm the choice.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47850732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of the paper is to determine underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer. Using the purposive sampling technique, data collection was carried out from January to August 2019 in the destinations of Opatija Riviera, yielding a sample of 155 valid responses. To gain better understanding of underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer, we, primarily, use exploratory factor analysis. The research findings have revealed that organization of a destination, gastronomic offer, natural resources, traffic infrastructure, destination´s cultural resources, accommodation capacities, attractions and sports activities are the main factors of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer.
{"title":"Factors of percieved quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer","authors":"Romina Alkier, Jasmina Okičić, V. Milojica","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the paper is to determine underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer. Using the purposive sampling technique, data collection was carried out from January to August 2019 in the destinations of Opatija Riviera, yielding a sample of 155 valid responses. To gain better understanding of underlying dimensions of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer, we, primarily, use exploratory factor analysis. The research findings have revealed that organization of a destination, gastronomic offer, natural resources, traffic infrastructure, destination´s cultural resources, accommodation capacities, attractions and sports activities are the main factors of perceived quality of maritime tourist destination´s offer.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49187336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Manuel Geada Borda de Água, Armindo Dias da Silva Frias, M. Carrasqueira, J. Daniel
The 21st century endeavour bring new challenges for the maritime industry. The challenges facing the professionals within the industry are multifaceted and complex due to globalization, cross-cultural interrelationships, and technological change that are permeating the maritime industry. The aim of this article is to contribute to better understanding the problem of developing the future maritime industry professional, filling the existing gap between education and training programmes, while integrating the 21st century professional skills. The contents of a comprehensive education and training programme shall be proposed within a knowledge triangle encompassing academia, the industry and relevant authority or regulatory institutions, so all interested parties’ “voices” will be considered. Besides raising awareness for the educational and training challenges ahead, more effective teaching methods are suggested in order to meet the needs, particularly supporting double loop learning, together with a pragmatic proposal for a realistic programme at master’s level. The proposed programme is based on the EU MarLEM project, which aims towards the development of the 21st century maritime industry professional, focusing on logistics, engineering and management contents.
{"title":"Future of maritime education and training","authors":"Pedro Manuel Geada Borda de Água, Armindo Dias da Silva Frias, M. Carrasqueira, J. Daniel","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century endeavour bring new challenges for the maritime industry. The challenges facing the professionals within the industry are multifaceted and complex due to globalization, cross-cultural interrelationships, and technological change that are permeating the maritime industry. The aim of this article is to contribute to better understanding the problem of developing the future maritime industry professional, filling the existing gap between education and training programmes, while integrating the 21st century professional skills. The contents of a comprehensive education and training programme shall be proposed within a knowledge triangle encompassing academia, the industry and relevant authority or regulatory institutions, so all interested parties’ “voices” will be considered. Besides raising awareness for the educational and training challenges ahead, more effective teaching methods are suggested in order to meet the needs, particularly supporting double loop learning, together with a pragmatic proposal for a realistic programme at master’s level. The proposed programme is based on the EU MarLEM project, which aims towards the development of the 21st century maritime industry professional, focusing on logistics, engineering and management contents.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beaches are natural resources that substantially enrich the tourist offer. They are an extremely valuable resource, with economic, recreational, and health significance. Beaches are a place for socializing, sports and enjoying (sun, sea, and sand tourism product). Because of their different roles, especially urban and hotels/resorts beaches, they are exposed to various and numerous negative impacts caused by natural changes and human activity. Beaches should not be just an object for commercial use, as their meaning for people is much wider. This research focuses on managing and protecting beaches that require social responsibility due to their determining role in the national economies. The guidelines for effective management primarily refer the necessity of developing intellectual resources, the coordination between institutions, ensuring pro-activity and being holistic oriented in managing beaches. Scientists and professionals need to recognize their importance and take action to preserve this valuable asset for future generations. In that sense, the purpose of this research is to analyse the legal regulation and to highlight the differences and similarities between two countries, Croatia and Portugal, which due to their physical geography, climate and tourism activity, are based mainly on beach-related activities.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of managing beaches as a recreational resource in Croatia and Portugal","authors":"M. Kovačić, L. Silveira, Srđan Kerčević","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Beaches are natural resources that substantially enrich the tourist offer. They are an extremely valuable resource, with economic, recreational, and health significance. Beaches are a place for socializing, sports and enjoying (sun, sea, and sand tourism product). Because of their different roles, especially urban and hotels/resorts beaches, they are exposed to various and numerous negative impacts caused by natural changes and human activity. Beaches should not be just an object for commercial use, as their meaning for people is much wider. This research focuses on managing and protecting beaches that require social responsibility due to their determining role in the national economies. The guidelines for effective management primarily refer the necessity of developing intellectual resources, the coordination between institutions, ensuring pro-activity and being holistic oriented in managing beaches. Scientists and professionals need to recognize their importance and take action to preserve this valuable asset for future generations. In that sense, the purpose of this research is to analyse the legal regulation and to highlight the differences and similarities between two countries, Croatia and Portugal, which due to their physical geography, climate and tourism activity, are based mainly on beach-related activities.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouhsene Fri, K. Douaioui, Nabil Lamii, C. Mabrouki, E. Semma
This work intends to integrate artificial neural network (ANN) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) in a single framework to evaluate the performance of operations in the container terminal. The proposed framework is based on three steps. In the first step, a proposed identify the performance measures objectives and the indicators affecting the system. In the second step, the efficiency scores of the system are computed by using the Charnes Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model (oriented inputs). In the last step, the Moth Search Algorithm (MSA) is employed as a new method for training the Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) to determine the efficiency scores. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework, two container terminals of Tangier and Casablanca are adopted to evaluate the performance.
{"title":"A hybrid framework for evaluating the performance of port container terminal operations","authors":"Mouhsene Fri, K. Douaioui, Nabil Lamii, C. Mabrouki, E. Semma","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This work intends to integrate artificial neural network (ANN) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) in a single framework to evaluate the performance of operations in the container terminal. The proposed framework is based on three steps. In the first step, a proposed identify the performance measures objectives and the indicators affecting the system. In the second step, the efficiency scores of the system are computed by using the Charnes Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model (oriented inputs). In the last step, the Moth Search Algorithm (MSA) is employed as a new method for training the Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) to determine the efficiency scores. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework, two container terminals of Tangier and Casablanca are adopted to evaluate the performance.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses Ordinance on handling dangerous goods, the conditions and method of transport in maritime traffic, loading and unloading of dangerous goods, bulk and other cargo in ports and the method of preventing the spreading of oil spills in ports especially in the segment of the definition of dangerous goods, the supporting documents accompanying the handling of dangerous goods as well as supervision of the application of protective and safety measures. The author also discusses the terminological inconsistencies of important conceptual definitions while highlighting possible solutions. The paper also researches the role of the professional service, i.e., the qualified person who supervises handling dangerous goods in ports and who as such, is considered as the responsible person. The possible duality of the legal regulation of handling dangerous goods with regard to the Act on Transport of Dangerous Goods is also being researched. The last part highlights the contribution of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the achievements of the Republic of Croatia in establishing a system for the exchange of data on dangerous goods. In conclusion, the author gives an assessment of the compliance of the Croatian legal norm on the handling dangerous goods with international and EU solutions and makes appropriate proposals.
{"title":"Some issues about legal regulation regarding handling dangerous goods in maritime traffic","authors":"Biserka Rukavina","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses Ordinance on handling dangerous goods, the conditions and method of transport in maritime traffic, loading and unloading of dangerous goods, bulk and other cargo in ports and the method of preventing the spreading of oil spills in ports especially in the segment of the definition of dangerous goods, the supporting documents accompanying the handling of dangerous goods as well as supervision of the application of protective and safety measures. The author also discusses the terminological inconsistencies of important conceptual definitions while highlighting possible solutions. The paper also researches the role of the professional service, i.e., the qualified person who supervises handling dangerous goods in ports and who as such, is considered as the responsible person. The possible duality of the legal regulation of handling dangerous goods with regard to the Act on Transport of Dangerous Goods is also being researched. The last part highlights the contribution of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the achievements of the Republic of Croatia in establishing a system for the exchange of data on dangerous goods. In conclusion, the author gives an assessment of the compliance of the Croatian legal norm on the handling dangerous goods with international and EU solutions and makes appropriate proposals.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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