The modern approach to growth analysis and development of enterprises includes the analysis of defined business models progressively. One of the essential factors of any business model is the cost structure, mostly intended to analyse and define better the processes of transferring value to the customer, maintain customer relationship and generate revenue. An analysis of the costs incurred in these processes should facilitate the effective definition of key resources, key activities and key partnerships. Modern theory distinguishes two types of business models from a cost perspective: a cost-driven model and a value-driven model. The cost-driven model is focused on minimizing costs wherever possible and such an approach has the propensity to create and maintain the lowest possible cost structure using low-cost value propositions. The value-driven model is focused on value creation and superior value propositions. The aim of this research, by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach, is to create models for analysing the impact of cost structure on sustainable development and business survival with respect to selected financial indicators. Based on clustering methods, model creation is preceded by a search of the link between the business performance indicators and parameters that increase or decrease a particular cost component. The sample for creation of the model is based on financial data of five maritime Croatian companies obtained through four business years. Thus, by analysis of the companies’ business operations based on such created models it is possible to define the limits, namely the degrees of increase or decrease of a particular type of cost at which companies achieve sound business growth and development. Consequently, the management of a company is enabled to form effective business strategies. Such strategies in modern context imply innovation in business, new technological processes, efficient stock management, and improved relationships with customers and suppliers.
{"title":"Utilisation of ANFIS in analysing impact of cost structure on Croatian maritime companies development","authors":"S. Valcic","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The modern approach to growth analysis and development of enterprises includes the analysis of defined business models progressively. One of the essential factors of any business model is the cost structure, mostly intended to analyse and define better the processes of transferring value to the customer, maintain customer relationship and generate revenue. An analysis of the costs incurred in these processes should facilitate the effective definition of key resources, key activities and key partnerships.\u0000Modern theory distinguishes two types of business models from a cost perspective: a cost-driven model and a value-driven model. The cost-driven model is focused on minimizing costs wherever possible and such an approach has the propensity to create and maintain the lowest possible cost structure using low-cost value propositions. The value-driven model is focused on value creation and superior value propositions.\u0000The aim of this research, by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach, is to create models for analysing the impact of cost structure on sustainable development and business survival with respect to selected financial indicators. Based on clustering methods, model creation is preceded by a search of the link between the business performance indicators and parameters that increase or decrease a particular cost component. The sample for creation of the model is based on financial data of five maritime Croatian companies obtained through four business years.\u0000Thus, by analysis of the companies’ business operations based on such created models it is possible to define the limits, namely the degrees of increase or decrease of a particular type of cost at which companies achieve sound business growth and development. Consequently, the management of a company is enabled to form effective business strategies. Such strategies in modern context imply innovation in business, new technological processes, efficient stock management, and improved relationships with customers and suppliers.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The competency characteristics of managers affect decisions that identifying the strategies in an organization. Similarly, the strategies for sustainability issues are also related to the managers’ competency on sustainability. Thus, for better sustainability performance, the managers are expected to possess competencies in this direction. In this context, this study is aimed to evaluate the operations managers’ competencies in terms of environmental sustainability in ports, which have huge effects on the physical and biological environment. For this purpose, one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to evaluate the priority weights of 15 competencies. Within a framework of container ports/terminals, the findings of this study show that “management skill”, “emergency procedures”, and “safety management” are the most primary competencies of port operations manager (POM) in terms of port environmental sustainability performance (PESP). The model used in this study can contribute to human resourcing and personnel training processes of ports.
{"title":"Evaluating Port Operation Managers’ Competencies Related to the Port Environmental Sustainability Performance","authors":"Ö. Tezcan, Barış Kuleyin","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The competency characteristics of managers affect decisions that identifying the strategies in an organization. Similarly, the strategies for sustainability issues are also related to the managers’ competency on sustainability. Thus, for better sustainability performance, the managers are expected to possess competencies in this direction. In this context, this study is aimed to evaluate the operations managers’ competencies in terms of environmental sustainability in ports, which have huge effects on the physical and biological environment. For this purpose, one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to evaluate the priority weights of 15 competencies. Within a framework of container ports/terminals, the findings of this study show that “management skill”, “emergency procedures”, and “safety management” are the most primary competencies of port operations manager (POM) in terms of port environmental sustainability performance (PESP). The model used in this study can contribute to human resourcing and personnel training processes of ports.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coastal bathing water, as a common good, is an economic resource of public health interest. Predictive models of coastal bathing water contamination are needed for timely prevention of pollution, warning of bathers, and activation of municipal services and utilities in case of contingencies, as well as institutional mechanism designs for common good management purposes. The goal of this research is to identify the variables that would improve predictive models of coastal bathing water bacterial contamination. The microbiological quality of coastal bathing water is affected by many variables. This research is an analysis of the following determinants: precipitation amount, seawater temperature and salinity, as well as few indicators of anthropogenic pressure on the environment such as registered population, registered tourist overnight stays and the amount of generated municipal waste, all possibly directly or indirectly affecting the bathing water quality in 17 coastal municipalities in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The analysis showed that rainfall, as an instrumental confounder variable, influences salinity and seawater temperature by increasing groundwater discharge and bringing contamination i.e. increasing enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations in coastal bathing water. Population as the conjectured independent variable, representing the anthropogenic cause of pollution, was once again falsified as a statistically significant determinant. For further research, longer-term sampling (preferably year-round) at micro-locations of comparable hydrogeological characteristics is recommended.
{"title":"Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting coastal bathing water quality","authors":"D. Mance, D. Mance, Darija Vukić Lušić","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal bathing water, as a common good, is an economic resource of public health interest. Predictive models of coastal bathing water contamination are needed for timely prevention of pollution, warning of bathers, and activation of municipal services and utilities in case of contingencies, as well as institutional mechanism designs for common good management purposes. The goal of this research is to identify the variables that would improve predictive models of coastal bathing water bacterial contamination. The microbiological quality of coastal bathing water is affected by many variables. This research is an analysis of the following determinants: precipitation amount, seawater temperature and salinity, as well as few indicators of anthropogenic pressure on the environment such as registered population, registered tourist overnight stays and the amount of generated municipal waste, all possibly directly or indirectly affecting the bathing water quality in 17 coastal municipalities in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The analysis showed that rainfall, as an instrumental confounder variable, influences salinity and seawater temperature by increasing groundwater discharge and bringing contamination i.e. increasing enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations in coastal bathing water. Population as the conjectured independent variable, representing the anthropogenic cause of pollution, was once again falsified as a statistically significant determinant. For further research, longer-term sampling (preferably year-round) at micro-locations of comparable hydrogeological characteristics is recommended.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, merchant shipping is facing a new challenge in the context of COVID-19. The ships at sea may find themselves in need of immediate medical assistance relating to the crewmembers and/or passengers due to COVID-19. Besides, there is a problem with the change of ship crews in due time and their repatriation. Under international custom, coastal States keep their ports open for merchant shipping but may require the ship’s master to take appropriate action to prevent a threat of danger. In cases of failure or urgency, the coastal State can exercise its authority in taking responsive action appropriate to the threat. The article analyzes the main issue - how reasonable are the actions of states that close their ports to foreign vessels in the light of COVID-19. In this paper, the practice of foreign and Russian ports in the context of the COVID-19 is assessed.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the freedom of the merchant ship’s access to foreign ports","authors":"V. Gutsuliak","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, merchant shipping is facing a new challenge in the context of COVID-19. The ships at sea may find themselves in need of immediate medical assistance relating to the crewmembers and/or passengers due to COVID-19. Besides, there is a problem with the change of ship crews in due time and their repatriation. Under international custom, coastal States keep their ports open for merchant shipping but may require the ship’s master to take appropriate action to prevent a threat of danger. In cases of failure or urgency, the coastal State can exercise its authority in taking responsive action appropriate to the threat. The article analyzes the main issue - how reasonable are the actions of states that close their ports to foreign vessels in the light of COVID-19. In this paper, the practice of foreign and Russian ports in the context of the COVID-19 is assessed.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with a very topical issue of environmental suitability of complex transport chains. Overseas transport chains in finished vehicle logistics (FVL) consist of a series of transport routes in which they successively combine rail, road and sea transport. It is necessary to know the input parameters and their impact on the operation of FVL, especially with the aim of evaluating the air pollutants produced and the energy efficiency (EE) achieved. The article gives a systematic approach in defining input parameters and their evaluation for efficient green transport chain planning. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated on an ongoing FVL of the export flow of luxury vehicles from Europe to Asian markets. Transport chains from four production sites in Central Europe to two loading ports in Koper and Bremerhaven, and in maritime RO-RO transport to four Asian unloading ports are analyzed. The results of the study show the need for more comprehensive planning of export FVL, including environmental assessment at the planning stage. Significant savings in energy consumption and reduction in GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions can be achieved by shifting cargo flows to the southern transportation route. The article enriches the current research on sustainable operation of FVL and provides applied results for infrastructural adaptation of the southern transport route.
{"title":"An approach to greener overseas transport chain planning in FVL","authors":"B. Beškovnik","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with a very topical issue of environmental suitability of complex transport chains. Overseas transport chains in finished vehicle logistics (FVL) consist of a series of transport routes in which they successively combine rail, road and sea transport. It is necessary to know the input parameters and their impact on the operation of FVL, especially with the aim of evaluating the air pollutants produced and the energy efficiency (EE) achieved. The article gives a systematic approach in defining input parameters and their evaluation for efficient green transport chain planning. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated on an ongoing FVL of the export flow of luxury vehicles from Europe to Asian markets. Transport chains from four production sites in Central Europe to two loading ports in Koper and Bremerhaven, and in maritime RO-RO transport to four Asian unloading ports are analyzed. The results of the study show the need for more comprehensive planning of export FVL, including environmental assessment at the planning stage. Significant savings in energy consumption and reduction in GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions can be achieved by shifting cargo flows to the southern transportation route. The article enriches the current research on sustainable operation of FVL and provides applied results for infrastructural adaptation of the southern transport route.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":"182 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41275269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on global trade in 2020. The interruption of the supply chains due to various restrictions influenced the rapid drop in the transport demand. In the last decade, the global containerized trade has noted the growth of approximately 55,5%, with an average pace of growth of about 5% yearly. Container shipping, as one of the industries vulnerable to economic shocks, has noted a significant drop in trade. The role of maritime container terminals as an integrator and facilitator of global trade in the global supply chains is undisputed. Therefore, the role of services provided by the maritime container terminals has grown in importance. This situation generates the necessity to adapt to these circumstances in a way that expresses the need of improving the service quality, as one of the key aspects of competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibility to verify the relation between COVID-19 impacts on maritime container transport and maritime container terminal service quality. Based on the findings the suggested actions for service quality improvement are proposed.
{"title":"Maritime container terminal service quality in the face of COVID-19 outbreak","authors":"Jedrzej Charlampowicz","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had a serious impact on global trade in 2020. The interruption of the supply chains due to various restrictions influenced the rapid drop in the transport demand. In the last decade, the global containerized trade has noted the growth of approximately 55,5%, with an average pace of growth of about 5% yearly. Container shipping, as one of the industries vulnerable to economic shocks, has noted a significant drop in trade. The role of maritime container terminals as an integrator and facilitator of global trade in the global supply chains is undisputed. Therefore, the role of services provided by the maritime container terminals has grown in importance. This situation generates the necessity to adapt to these circumstances in a way that expresses the need of improving the service quality, as one of the key aspects of competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibility to verify the relation between COVID-19 impacts on maritime container transport and maritime container terminal service quality. Based on the findings the suggested actions for service quality improvement are proposed.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety of passengers on ships is usually investigated based on data available from post-accident reports, experimental research and/or numerical modelling of emergencies. As for the numerical modelling, ship passenger evacuation falls within a greater set of pedestrian evacuation research in which extended reality (XR) technology is playing important role lately. However, XR still strives to find its place in the modelling of ship passenger evacuation. This paper brings review of literature published on the topic of XR in pedestrian evacuation with special focus on the use of these technologies (e.g. virtual reality, augmented reality) in shipping industry. Findings are put in the context of IMO’s guidelines for evacuation analysis and prospect for use of XR for ship passenger evacuation simulation are presented.
{"title":"Prospects for use of extended reality technology for ship passenger evacuation simulation","authors":"G. Vukelić, Goran Vizentin, V. Frančić","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Safety of passengers on ships is usually investigated based on data available from post-accident reports, experimental research and/or numerical modelling of emergencies. As for the numerical modelling, ship passenger evacuation falls within a greater set of pedestrian evacuation research in which extended reality (XR) technology is playing important role lately. However, XR still strives to find its place in the modelling of ship passenger evacuation. This paper brings review of literature published on the topic of XR in pedestrian evacuation with special focus on the use of these technologies (e.g. virtual reality, augmented reality) in shipping industry. Findings are put in the context of IMO’s guidelines for evacuation analysis and prospect for use of XR for ship passenger evacuation simulation are presented.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47201488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A company service’s higher quality is indicated by its service performance’s effectiveness and efficiency. This can increase customers’ satisfaction, thus leads to the increase of company income. This research objective was to know the effects of 5 dimensions constructing service quality, including the effects of service quality on customers’ satisfaction in freight forwarder industry. Current research collected data through purposive sampling, by distributing questionnaire to 86 customers continued by data processing by measuring the gap and tested statistically using SmartPLS program, priority scale mapping using Importance Performance Analysis, and improvement using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The first findings obtained from this research was analysis result using IPA discovering 10 indicators which require improvement in which 7 indicators were found the same through GAP measurement. The second finding was the biggest component which needs improvement in freight forwarder service in Indonesia, which is reliability dimension. Therefore, concerns need to be given to these matters so that more accurate and reliable service can be provided.
{"title":"Analysis of customer satisfaction in freight forwarder industry using Servqual, IPA and FMEA methods","authors":"Nurwahyudi Nurwahyudi, E. Rimawan","doi":"10.31217/p.35.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"A company service’s higher quality is indicated by its service performance’s effectiveness and efficiency. This can increase customers’ satisfaction, thus leads to the increase of company income. This research objective was to know the effects of 5 dimensions constructing service quality, including the effects of service quality on customers’ satisfaction in freight forwarder industry. Current research collected data through purposive sampling, by distributing questionnaire to 86 customers continued by data processing by measuring the gap and tested statistically using SmartPLS program, priority scale mapping using Importance Performance Analysis, and improvement using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The first findings obtained from this research was analysis result using IPA discovering 10 indicators which require improvement in which 7 indicators were found the same through GAP measurement. The second finding was the biggest component which needs improvement in freight forwarder service in Indonesia, which is reliability dimension. Therefore, concerns need to be given to these matters so that more accurate and reliable service can be provided.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47120855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gundić, Srđan Vujčić, Lovro Maglić, D. Ivanisevic
STCW Convention has defined competences needed for jobs onboard, methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation. Every MET institution has to include minimal standards, prescribed by STCW Convention, in programmes for seafarers they have been carrying out. Apart from the obligatory STCW regulations, every institution carrying out STCW Convention based programme can include IMO Model Courses in the programme as well. In STCW Convention, competences and methods for their demonstration as well as criteria for their evaluation have been divided on the basis of ship’s departments. The paper is about standards that refer to deck department. Methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention, and the ones defined by IMO Model Courses were compared. They depend on well-defined learning outcomes. In order to determine whether learning outcomes, defined by both, STCW Convention and IMO Model Courses, are in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy, a lexical analysis for STCW A-II/1, column 2, A-II/2, column 2, Model Course 7.01 – Part C and Model Course 7.03 – Part C was done. Software Wordsmith 7.0, produced and delivered by Lexical Analysis Software and Oxford University press, was used in the research. The results of the research show that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation have not been written clearly enough. It was found out that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention are not in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy and commonly used methods and criteria. On the other hand, they are defined precisely in IMO Model Courses. Furthermore, there still exists a problem of IMO Model Courses being non-mandatory.
{"title":"Methods for demonstrating a competence and criteria for evaluating a competence in STCW Convention","authors":"A. Gundić, Srđan Vujčić, Lovro Maglić, D. Ivanisevic","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"STCW Convention has defined competences needed for jobs onboard, methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation. Every MET institution has to include minimal standards, prescribed by STCW Convention, in programmes for seafarers they have been carrying out. Apart from the obligatory STCW regulations, every institution carrying out STCW Convention based programme can include IMO Model Courses in the programme as well. In STCW Convention, competences and methods for their demonstration as well as criteria for their evaluation have been divided on the basis of ship’s departments. The paper is about standards that refer to deck department. Methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention, and the ones defined by IMO Model Courses were compared. They depend on well-defined learning outcomes. In order to determine whether learning outcomes, defined by both, STCW Convention and IMO Model Courses, are in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy, a lexical analysis for STCW A-II/1, column 2, A-II/2, column 2, Model Course 7.01 – Part C and Model Course 7.03 – Part C was done. Software Wordsmith 7.0, produced and delivered by Lexical Analysis Software and Oxford University press, was used in the research. The results of the research show that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation have not been written clearly enough. It was found out that methods for demonstrating competences and criteria for their evaluation defined by STCW Convention are not in accordance with Bloom’s Taxonomy and commonly used methods and criteria. On the other hand, they are defined precisely in IMO Model Courses. Furthermore, there still exists a problem of IMO Model Courses being non-mandatory.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – This article discusses a type of activity, level of consumption, and cruise ship tourists’ satisfaction in a destination to understand the perspectives of cruise tourism in the city. Design/Methodology – The research was conducted during 2018 by personal interviews or website questionnaires among 163 cruise tourists in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. The survey included 15 questions that were categorized into five thematic units. The data were processed by descriptive statistics. Findings – According to a slight increase in travelers’ consumption but also their overall satisfaction, the results suggest an increase in destination attractiveness. The economic results are still at a modest level. A set of measures has been proposed to improve tourism services in the destination. Originality of the research – Given those cruise companies are permanently on the lookout for attractive destinations, it is up to cities to attract cruise ships to their ports. It is necessary to assess and check the tourists’ experience of a cruise destination permanently so that the offerings of port city can be adjusted to the changing demands of passengers. Limiting factors associated with cruising point to caution in assessing the future of cruise tourism, especially in a city where this kind of business is just beginning.
{"title":"Perspectives of cruise tourism in the City of Rijeka","authors":"Alen Jugović","doi":"10.31217/p.34.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This article discusses a type of activity, level of consumption, and cruise ship tourists’ satisfaction in a destination to understand the perspectives of cruise tourism in the city. Design/Methodology – The research was conducted during 2018 by personal interviews or website questionnaires among 163 cruise tourists in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. The survey included 15 questions that were categorized into five thematic units. The data were processed by descriptive statistics. Findings – According to a slight increase in travelers’ consumption but also their overall satisfaction, the results suggest an increase in destination attractiveness. The economic results are still at a modest level. A set of measures has been proposed to improve tourism services in the destination. Originality of the research – Given those cruise companies are permanently on the lookout for attractive destinations, it is up to cities to attract cruise ships to their ports. It is necessary to assess and check the tourists’ experience of a cruise destination permanently so that the offerings of port city can be adjusted to the changing demands of passengers. Limiting factors associated with cruising point to caution in assessing the future of cruise tourism, especially in a city where this kind of business is just beginning.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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