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Port State Control (PSC) inspections on container ships 港口国监管局对集装箱船的检查
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31217/p.36.1.7
Nina Kostović, R. Ivce, Vinko Pavic
The paper presents and processes data on inspections of the individual Memoranda (regions) and compares the overall number of ship detention cases. Also, the paper identifies the differences in various regions in the same period as well as their causes and consequences. Container traffic plays a key role in the international trade. Therefore, the research is based on a comparison of the inspection statistics (in general) and the ship detentions share with the total number of inspections and detentions of the container vessels for each region and the same period.The data have been collected from the annual reports of the individual Memoranda (regions), covering a five-year period, from 2015 to 2019. The results of the research have pointed to partially successful attempts to harmonize and standardize the inspection procedures, as well as to the problem of the non-existent uniformed inspection system.
该文件介绍并处理了对个别备忘录(地区)的检查数据,并比较了船舶扣留案件的总数。此外,本文还指出了同一时期不同地区的差异及其原因和后果。集装箱运输在国际贸易中起着关键作用。因此,这项研究是基于对检查统计数据(一般情况下)和船舶扣留占每个地区和同一时期集装箱船舶检查和扣留总数的比较。数据收集自各个备忘录(地区)的年度报告,涵盖2015年至2019年的五年期。研究结果表明,协调和标准化检查程序的尝试取得了部分成功,还指出了不存在统一检查制度的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemics trends in E-commerce 电子商贸的流行趋势
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31217/p.36.1.4
Dejan Miljenović, Bono Beriša
Drop shipping represents a delivery business model based on e-commerce logistics, which is very relevant in the global pandemic crisis. In this model, buyers order products and services directly from the manufacturer over the Internet through the intermediary of a drop shipper who ensures the easiest and fastest delivery. Drop shipper is a type of e-commerce entrepreneur that offers goods using online logistics infrastructure to ensure direct physical delivery from the manufacturer to the retailer or customer. This includes drop shipping as a business model to Industry 4.0 (i.e. the digital economy). This paper elaborates how a particular e-commerce model affects the development and improvement of global supply chains. Aim of this paper is to research how entrepreneur can lower its costs along drop shipping supply chain by managing inventory ratios or cost of stock. This enables drop shipping to greatly facilitate market access for cash-strapped entrepreneurs. We also conducted a simulation of optimized drop shipping process to show that there is a constant adaptability for entrepreneurs using drop shipping, especially among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The timeliness of drop shipping is that it has facilitated as a global delivery solution in relation to the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Moreover, drop shipping is based on a Activity-Based Costing (ABC model) whose quantitative efficiency has been proven by scientific analysis and research results. Finally, the legal aspects of drop shipping are given importance in the situation of COVID-19 which had a crucial impact on international trade in 2020, especially in predicting short-term trade trends. Due to this within this paper we also examined the effects of the ˝coronavirus˝ on global e-commerce. Global drop shipping data ensures qualitative predictions considering pandemic environment, social distancing issues and internet trade curves which are more than useful in today’s changing business conditions.
Drop shipping是一种基于电子商务物流的配送模式,在全球大流行病危机中具有重要意义。在这种模式下,买家通过互联网直接从制造商那里订购产品和服务,通过托运人的中介,确保最简单和最快的交付。Drop托运人是一种电子商务企业家,使用在线物流基础设施提供商品,以确保从制造商到零售商或客户的直接实物交付。这包括将航运作为工业4.0(即数字经济)的商业模式。本文阐述了一种特定的电子商务模式如何影响全球供应链的发展和完善。本文的目的是研究企业家如何通过管理库存比率或库存成本来降低其在下降运输供应链上的成本。这使得空运能够极大地便利资金短缺的企业家进入市场。我们还对优化后的配送过程进行了模拟,以表明使用配送的企业家具有恒定的适应性,特别是在中小型企业(SMEs)中。空投运输的及时性在于,它作为一种与冠状病毒病大流行(COVID-19)相关的全球运输解决方案提供了便利。此外,drop shipping是基于作业成本核算(ABC)模型,其量化效率已被科学的分析和研究结果所证明。最后,在2019冠状病毒病对2020年国际贸易产生重大影响的情况下,特别是在预测短期贸易趋势方面,空投运输的法律方面受到重视。因此,在本文中,我们还研究了“冠状病毒”对全球电子商务的影响。考虑到流行病环境、社会距离问题和互联网贸易曲线,全球下降航运数据确保了定性预测,这些预测在当今不断变化的商业条件下非常有用。
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引用次数: 5
A slim based approach for human error probability of steel scrap cargo operations as a critical process in the maritime sector 作为海事部门关键过程的废钢货物操作的人为错误概率的一种基于瘦基的方法
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.31217/p.36.1.3
Gizem Kayisoglu, F. Bolat
The transportation of steel scrap cargoes in global trade has been increasing over the years. According to the researches, the demand of steel scrap materials will be more than double in the late 21st century whereby forecasting of steel scrap production and so steel scrap cargo operations will also evenly rise in ports. Increasing steel scrap cargo operations will bring along several undesirable accidents and injuries. Investigations show that the most paramount reason for these incidents or accidents related with steel scrap cargo operations in maritime sector is human error. In this sense, it is aimed to identify human error probabilities (HEPs) for steel scrap cargo operation that is performed frequently in maritime sector, especially in bulk carrier vessels. In this study, Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM), which is one of the methods for Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), is used to determine HEPs in steel scrap cargo operations due to the limited data availability on this topic. Accordingly, the most common error modes that are determined via detailed literature review are ranked in accordance with HEP values. It is put forward which and how much error mode is affected from Performance Shaping Factor (PSF) such as education, supervision, environmental condition, equipment and tool condition, and experience mostly. According to the analysis results, “the falling piece of steel scrap on the deck during steel scrap loading or unloading operation” has the most probability occurrence. Consequently, it is understood that training and experience factors are critically important for preventing errors in steel scrap cargo operation in overall view. On the other hand, environmental condition, supervision, and equipment and tool condition factors include the prominent level of significance to bring down the probability of accruing of some specific errors. Accordingly, the proposed approach not only make a theory-based contribution to the maritime literature, but also to active contribution to the sector involving P&I Clubs, shipping companies, and classification societies toward focusing point for minimizing the accidents about steel scrap cargo operations.
近年来,废钢货物在全球贸易中的运输量一直在增加。根据研究,在21世纪后期,废钢材料的需求将增加一倍以上,因此废钢产量的预测和废钢货物作业也将在港口均匀增加。废钢货运量的增加会带来一些不良事故和伤害。调查表明,这些与海运部门废钢货物作业有关的事件或事故的最主要原因是人为失误。在这个意义上,它的目的是确定人为错误概率(HEPs)的废钢货物操作频繁执行在海事部门,特别是在散货船。在本研究中,成功可能性指数法(SLIM)是人类可靠性分析(HRA)的方法之一,由于该主题的数据有限,因此用于确定废钢货物操作中的HEPs。因此,通过详细的文献综述确定的最常见的误差模式根据HEP值进行排序。提出了教育、监督、环境条件、设备和工具条件、经验等因素对误差模式的影响。根据分析结果,“在装卸废钢作业中,废钢落在甲板上”的发生概率最大。因此,总的来说,培训和经验因素对于防止废钢货物操作中的错误是至关重要的。另一方面,环境条件、监督、设备工具条件等因素的显著性水平显著,降低了某些特定误差产生的概率。因此,所提出的方法不仅对海事文献做出了理论贡献,而且对包括保赔协会、航运公司和船级社在内的行业为最大限度地减少废钢货物作业事故的焦点做出了积极贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomous ships in maritime education model course 7.01 海事教育模式课程中的自主船舶7.01
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.20
B. Belev, A. Penev, Đani Mohović, Ana Perić Hadžić
The fourth industrial revolution is already a fact. It is manifested in the emerging automation of many processes in shipping, which until recently have been highly dependent on the competence of the people who manage them. The analysis of navigational accidents invariably touches the human factor and involves it in the reasons for their occurrence. The statistics are discouraging and the lack of competence of seafarers is always present in the reports of the investigating authorities. The idea of creating and implementing autonomous ships is cited as a lifeline to overcome the shortcomings that disturb the industry due to the human factor. A few authors in their publications point out many unresolved issues, one of which is related to the education and competence of service personnel. The existing International Convention for Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers does not cover unmanned ships. The mandatory and recommended competencies in it are addressed to the people on board. Some maritime educational institutions have introduced the concept of “autonomous ship” in their curricula, such as Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna and Faculty of Maritime Study, Split. There are probably others who think ahead, but this approach is not enough because unmanned ships are already a fact in the maritime industry. This article aims at exploring the possibilities for supplementing the curricula of maritime training institutions with appropriate subjects for the new realities in shipping.
第四次工业革命已经成为事实。这体现在航运业许多流程的自动化,直到最近,这些流程还高度依赖于管理人员的能力。对航行事故的分析总是涉及人为因素,并将其纳入事故发生的原因中。统计数字令人沮丧,调查当局的报告中总是出现海员缺乏能力的情况。创建和实施自主船舶的想法被认为是克服由于人为因素而困扰该行业的缺点的生命线。一些作者在其出版物中指出了许多尚未解决的问题,其中一个问题与服务人员的教育和能力有关。现行的《海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》不包括无人驾驶船舶。其中的强制性和推荐性能力是针对船上人员的。一些海事教育机构在其课程中引入了“自主船舶”的概念,如瓦尔纳的尼古拉·瓦普萨罗夫海军学院和斯普利特的海事研究学院。可能还有其他人提前考虑,但这种方法还不够,因为无人驾驶船舶已经成为海事行业的一个事实。本文旨在探讨为海事培训机构的课程补充适合航运新现实的适当科目的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of port workers’ general awareness of dangerous cargo transport 港口工人危险货物运输一般意识评估
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.5
Özge Eski, Leyla Tavacioglu
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code training is mandatory for all shore-side personnel involved in the handling and transport of dangerous cargoes by sea. This study aims to measure and evaluate the port workers’ dangerous cargo transport general awareness level. For this purpose, the “Dangerous Cargo Transport General Awareness Questionnaire” was developed and applied to trained 100 port workers face-to-face. The questionnaire was proven to be valid and reliable by content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability analyses. Four factors were determined as a result of Explanatory Factor Analysis. Discriminant analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test and One Way ANOVA test. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between factors. Simple linear regression analysis was used for modeling the relationship between factors. SPSS 24.0 was utilized to conduct the analyses. According to analysis results, port workers’ dangerous cargo transport general awareness does not differ depending on age, position, and education. There is a weak positive or a moderate positive correlation between factors. Port workers have an average and above-average level of general awareness. It is highlighted that increasing this level is possible by increasing the frequency of dangerous cargo transport training. Suggestions are offered for more effective training.
所有从事海上危险货物装卸和运输的岸上人员都必须接受《国际海运危险货物规则》的培训。本研究旨在对港口工人危险货物运输一般意识水平进行测量与评价。为此目的,编制了“危险货物运输一般认识调查表”,并对100名港口工人进行了面对面培训。通过内容效度、结构效度、内部一致性信度和重测信度分析,验证问卷的效度和信度。通过解释因子分析确定了四个影响因素。判别分析采用学生t检验和单因素方差分析检验。采用Pearson相关分析确定各因素之间的关系。采用简单线性回归分析对各因素之间的关系进行建模。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行分析。分析结果表明,港口工人危险货物运输一般意识不因年龄、岗位、教育程度的不同而存在差异。各因素之间呈弱正相关或中度正相关。港口工人的一般意识水平一般或高于平均水平。强调指出,可以通过增加危险货物运输培训的频率来提高这一水平。为更有效的培训提供建议。
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引用次数: 2
Analysing the prospect of the maritime common information sharing environment’s implementation and feasibility in Montenegro 分析了黑山海上公共信息共享环境实施的前景和可行性
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.8
A. Mihailovic, N. Kapidani, E. Kočan, David Merino Delgado, J. Räsänen
This paper outlines an extensive analysis of the case of Montenegro’s maritime surveillance system becoming integrated within the European Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE). Threats to secure maritime borders across Europe are ever-present and regularly demand coordinated efforts between the member states to tackle and prevent them, e.g. illegal immigration across the Mediterranean. Administration for Maritime Safety and Port Management (AMSPM) in Montenegro is a member of the ANDROMEDA EU project that seeks to facilitate deployments and demonstrations of CISE trials across the European regions, towards their endorsement readiness. AMSPM is now at the forefront of assessing and deploying the CISE components in Montenegro. It thus appropriately evaluates the operational aspects, observes the CISE implementations in some European states, formulates the impact for other national stakeholders, as well as the very prospect of the resulting augmented maritime surveillance in the country. This substantiates the content of this paper as the feasibility of the CISE deployment in Montenegro, supported by a snapshot of the cost-benefit analysis. We aspire to offer novel perspectives and insights that could be a universally useful experience to different CISE implementation initiatives, especially for countries or regions of similar smaller sizes and coastal area.
本文概述了对黑山海事监视系统融入欧洲共同信息共享环境(CISE)的案例的广泛分析。对欧洲海上边界安全的威胁一直存在,并经常要求成员国之间协调努力,以应对和防止这些威胁,例如跨地中海的非法移民。黑山海事安全和港口管理局(AMSPM)是ANDROMEDA欧盟项目的成员,该项目旨在促进CISE试验在欧洲地区的部署和演示,以实现其认可准备。AMSPM目前处于评估和部署黑山CISE组件的前沿。因此,它适当地评估了操作方面,观察了CISE在一些欧洲国家的实施情况,制定了对其他国家利益相关者的影响,以及由此增强该国海上监视的前景。这证实了本文的内容,即在黑山部署CISE的可行性,并得到了成本效益分析的快照支持。我们渴望为不同的CISE实施举措提供新颖的视角和见解,这些视角和见解可能是普遍有用的经验,特别是对于规模和沿海地区相似的国家或地区。
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引用次数: 5
The presence and danger of microplastics in the oceans 海洋中微塑料的存在和危险
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.4
Amalija Margeta, Đani Šabalja, M. Đorđević
Since the environmental pollution by microplastics is a relatively new area of research, the main problem is the lack of appropriate rules, regulations and parameters globally. Therefore, the sources of primary and secondary microplastics particles vary from source to source, and due to this the difference in the division of microplastic particles by size arises too. Moreover, various techniques and technologies are used when testing seawater and sediment as well. Ultimately, with different qualities of the obtained results, it leads to difficult and/or inadequate comparison. Furthermore, the research has been mainly conducted on smaller marine organisms, which needs to be extended to other larger organisms as well as to the human population to create a complete image of the negative effects of contamination of the marine food chain and the marine environment with microplastic particles in general.
由于微塑料污染环境是一个相对较新的研究领域,主要问题是全球缺乏适当的规则、法规和参数。因此,初级和次级微塑料颗粒的来源因来源而异,因此微塑料颗粒按尺寸划分的差异也出现了。此外,在测试海水和沉积物时也使用了各种技术和技术。最终,由于获得的结果质量不同,导致比较困难和/或不充分。此外,这项研究主要是针对较小的海洋生物进行的,需要将其扩展到其他较大的生物以及人类群体,以全面了解海洋食物链和海洋环境被微塑料颗粒污染的负面影响。
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引用次数: 3
Performance assessment of major European ports 欧洲主要港口业绩评估
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.19
Claudio Quintano, Paolo Mazzocchi, A. Rocca
In the recent literature, the strategic relevance of ports has improved, and this paper provides a comparative analysis of 24 European ports. The port performance has been evaluated considering data envelopment analysis and Shephard’s distance function. This latter approach offers an alternative method to address a significant restraint of the standard Stochastic Frontier when the model needs to consider multiple outputs. From a policy point of view, the conclusion could offer valuable insights to support policy measures targeted to expand port efficiency. The findings obtained from the analysis reveal that several contextual indicators must be included in benchmark analysis.
在最近的文献中,港口的战略相关性得到了改善,本文对24个欧洲港口进行了比较分析。结合数据包络分析和Shephard距离函数对端口性能进行了评价。当模型需要考虑多个输出时,后一种方法提供了一种替代方法来解决标准随机前沿的重要约束。从政策的角度来看,该结论可以为支持有针对性地提高港口效率的政策措施提供有价值的见解。从分析中获得的发现表明,在基准分析中必须包含几个上下文指标。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative performance analysis of the marina and charter service industries in Croatia 克罗地亚码头和租船服务业的比较绩效分析
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.14
T. Luković, Damir Piplica, D. Hruška
Marina and charter industry represent the two basic segments of nautical tourism sector, one of the key elements of tourism development in the countries of the Mediterranean circle. With the advent of ever more ambiguous business environment driven by global health hazards, the emergence of next technological revolution and global competition, insight into the antecedents of competitiveness of companies in the nautical tourism sector in an important topic for organizations who want to survive and grow. The goal of this paper is comparison of the fundamental features of these two interconnected industries. The marina industry, observed through the financial indicators, shows attractiveness and stability. Regardless of the marina category, the success of its operations proved to be stable even in crisis market conditions. On the other hand, the charter industry, that complements the value proposition of the marina industry, shows lower level of robustness in times of crisis. The contribution of the paper is twofold. Firstly, for the purpose of the comparison of these two industries we present their basic indicators, and argue that the dynamic connection of the charter and marina industries opens possibilities to achieve higher level of competitiveness in both businesses. Also, since the available data on both industries is scarce, the paper introduces a system of data estimates, as well as system of experiential forecasting which can be used in different markets where similar limitations can be observed.
码头和租船业代表了航海旅游部门的两个基本部分,是地中海圈国家旅游业发展的关键要素之一。随着全球健康危害驱动的商业环境越来越模糊,下一次技术革命和全球竞争的出现,深入了解航海旅游部门公司竞争力的前因后果是想要生存和发展的组织的一个重要主题。本文的目的是比较这两个互联产业的基本特征。通过财务指标观察,码头行业显示出吸引力和稳定性。无论码头类别如何,即使在危机的市场条件下,其运营的成功也证明是稳定的。另一方面,作为码头行业价值主张补充的租船行业,在危机时期表现出较低的稳健性。这篇论文的贡献是双重的。首先,为了对这两个行业进行比较,我们提出了它们的基本指标,并认为租船和码头行业的动态联系为这两个行业实现更高水平的竞争力提供了可能性。此外,由于这两个行业的可用数据都是稀缺的,本文介绍了一个数据估计系统,以及经验预测系统,可以在不同的市场中使用,在那里可以观察到类似的局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Operational failure assessment of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) in harsh offshore environments 海上恶劣环境下遥控潜水器(ROV)操作失效评估
IF 0.6 Q4 TRANSPORTATION Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31217/p.35.2.10
S. Nitonye, Sidum Adumene, C. U. Orji, Anietie Effiong Udo
For an effective integrity assessment of marine robotic in offshore environments, the elements’ failure characteristics need to be understood. A structured probabilistic methodology is proposed for the operational failure assessment (OFA) characteristics of ROV. The first step is to assess the likely failure mode of the ROV system and its support systems. This captures the interaction and failure induced events during operation. The identified potential failure modes are further developed into logical connectivity based on the cause-effect relationship. The logical framework is modeled using the fault tree analysis technique to predict the ROV operational failure probability in an uncertain harsh environment. The fault tree analysis captured the logical relationship between the primary, intermediate, and top events probability. The importance measure criteria were adopted to identify the most probable events, links, and their importance on the failure propagation. The model was demonstrated with an ROV for deep arctic water subsea operations. The result identified the control system, communication linkages, human factor, among others, as most critical in the ROV operational failure. The methodology’s application provides core information on the Mean time between failure (MTBF) of the ROV system that could aid integrity management and provides a guide on early remedial action against total failure.
为了有效地评估海洋环境中海洋机器人的完整性,需要了解元件的失效特征。提出了一种用于ROV作业失效评估(OFA)特征的结构化概率方法。第一步是评估ROV系统及其支持系统的可能失效模式。这捕获了操作期间的交互和故障引起的事件。将识别出的潜在失效模式进一步发展为基于因果关系的逻辑连接。采用故障树分析技术对逻辑框架进行建模,预测ROV在不确定恶劣环境下的操作失效概率。故障树分析捕获主事件、中间事件和顶级事件概率之间的逻辑关系。采用重要性度量准则来识别最可能发生的事件、环节及其对故障传播的重要性。该模型在北极深水水下作业的ROV中进行了验证。结果表明,控制系统、通信连接、人为因素等是造成ROV操作故障的最关键因素。该方法的应用提供了ROV系统平均故障间隔时间(MTBF)的核心信息,有助于完整性管理,并为全面故障的早期补救措施提供指导。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research
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