Due to the intensity of marina activities and global climate change, marinas are facing the challenge of sustainability. Therefore, the concept of “green port” has now become a requirement. In practice, the term “green port” describes the activities of all stakeholders involved in the port business towards a sustainable development of the port. This paper aims to provide an insight into the current application of sustainability principles and the concept of “green port” in Croatian marinas. Therefore, the concept of “green port” is described. Furthermore, the framework (regulations, policies, international and national certificates and programs) for sustainable activities in Croatian marinas are analyzed. The main part of the paper is the analysis of sustainable activities, i.e. practices in Croatian marinas related to eco-spatial design, standardization and awarding system, energy transition, sustainable waste, water and air systems. Therefore, positive sustainable practices in selected Croatian marinas and aspects that need improvement are identified.
{"title":"Sustainable activities in Croatian marinas – towards the “green port” concept","authors":"Tanja Poletan Jugović, Adrijana Agatic, D. Gračan, Senka Šekularac – Ivošević","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the intensity of marina activities and global climate change, marinas are facing the challenge of sustainability. Therefore, the concept of “green port” has now become a requirement. In practice, the term “green port” describes the activities of all stakeholders involved in the port business towards a sustainable development of the port. This paper aims to provide an insight into the current application of sustainability principles and the concept of “green port” in Croatian marinas. Therefore, the concept of “green port” is described. Furthermore, the framework (regulations, policies, international and national certificates and programs) for sustainable activities in Croatian marinas are analyzed. The main part of the paper is the analysis of sustainable activities, i.e. practices in Croatian marinas related to eco-spatial design, standardization and awarding system, energy transition, sustainable waste, water and air systems. Therefore, positive sustainable practices in selected Croatian marinas and aspects that need improvement are identified.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reflects upon the concept of social innovation and its role in islands’ energy transition. As isolated energy systems, islands typically depend on energy imports from the mainland and mostly use fossil fuels for electricity, heating, and transport, which are significant sources of carbon emissions. At the same time, islands have an abundance of locally available renewable energy sources (RES) at their disposal, which makes them ideal test-beds for energy transition, or the technology-based switch of the energy system, from fossil-based to renewable energy. However, new RES technologies must be incorporated into society and, thus, to enable successful decarbonisation, technological innovations must be coupled with social innovations. Different authors stress that energy transitions are not strictly technical but socio-technical since they are also comprised of policies, politics and other artefacts, not just technological. Nevertheless, the role of social innovation in local energy transitions is still under-studied, and this paper aimed to contribute to this lack of literature, focusing on the local energy transitions of islands. By combining theoretical and empirical research, this paper aims to explore the role of social innovation in energy transition and analyse whether social innovation can be considered a success factor in the energy transition process of the case-study island, the small Croatian island of Unije.
{"title":"The social perspective on small islands’ energy transitions","authors":"Lea Perinić, M. Kovačić, L. Silveira","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reflects upon the concept of social innovation and its role in islands’ energy transition. As isolated energy systems, islands typically depend on energy imports from the mainland and mostly use fossil fuels for electricity, heating, and transport, which are significant sources of carbon emissions. At the same time, islands have an abundance of locally available renewable energy sources (RES) at their disposal, which makes them ideal test-beds for energy transition, or the technology-based switch of the energy system, from fossil-based to renewable energy. However, new RES technologies must be incorporated into society and, thus, to enable successful decarbonisation, technological innovations must be coupled with social innovations. Different authors stress that energy transitions are not strictly technical but socio-technical since they are also comprised of policies, politics and other artefacts, not just technological. Nevertheless, the role of social innovation in local energy transitions is still under-studied, and this paper aimed to contribute to this lack of literature, focusing on the local energy transitions of islands.\u0000By combining theoretical and empirical research, this paper aims to explore the role of social innovation in energy transition and analyse whether social innovation can be considered a success factor in the energy transition process of the case-study island, the small Croatian island of Unije.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Blažina, R. Ivce, Đani Mohović, R. Mohovic
Shipping containers are known as a crucial equipment for global trade. Most of their lifespan containers are spending empty, being in process of repositioning or sitting in a yard. Increasing trade imbalances globally set up empty container logistics as one of the main concerns in container shipping industry. In line with that issue, this paper will analyse the roots of empty container imbalance and port congestion, emphasizing the importance of proper empty container management and challanges which appear along the way. Results of the research show that there is room for improvement while dealing with management of empty containers which primarly implies a cognition of the imbalance problem and long-term predictions as well as mutual cooperation of all parties involved. Furthermore, new solutions and higher level of digitalization will be required to succesully and efficiently handle today’s challanging situations. Reducing empty container transport to a minimum is the key point, where foldable containers and container interchange between carriers can greatly contribute. Efficiency of empty container management must be reflected in increased environmental sustainability throughout the shipping process.
{"title":"Analysis of empty container management","authors":"Antonio Blažina, R. Ivce, Đani Mohović, R. Mohovic","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Shipping containers are known as a crucial equipment for global trade. Most of their lifespan containers are spending empty, being in process of repositioning or sitting in a yard. Increasing trade imbalances globally set up empty container logistics as one of the main concerns in container shipping industry. In line with that issue, this paper will analyse the roots of empty container imbalance and port congestion, emphasizing the importance of proper empty container management and challanges which appear along the way. Results of the research show that there is room for improvement while dealing with management of empty containers which primarly implies a cognition of the imbalance problem and long-term predictions as well as mutual cooperation of all parties involved. Furthermore, new solutions and higher level of digitalization will be required to succesully and efficiently handle today’s challanging situations. Reducing empty container transport to a minimum is the key point, where foldable containers and container interchange between carriers can greatly contribute. Efficiency of empty container management must be reflected in increased environmental sustainability throughout the shipping process.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49575941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hazards that particularly affect local coastal communities require education that is conducive to the development within planetary boundaries. The paper analyses the features of education for resilience and sustainability based on good practice and the principles stipulated in strategic documents on sustainable development issued by international organizations and professional associations. In developing the curricula for strengthening resilience, focus should be placed on deeper learning about local knowledge, on stimulating local sustainability, systems thinking, integrating teaching about the environment and responsible citizenship into all school subjects. To achieve the objectives proposed it is necessary to enhance whole-institution approach and bridge the divide between the subjects in humanities and STEM areas by providing courses which afford insights into connections between various disciplines required for perceiving local and global issues and the solutions thereto, and to implement citizen science. Resilience thinking should be embedded in planning and strategic environmental assessment procedures for a wide range of themes and activities affecting coastal area environment and its communities.
{"title":"Coastal risks and resilience learning","authors":"Lidija Runko Luttenberger, N. Mandić","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The hazards that particularly affect local coastal communities require education that is conducive to the development within planetary boundaries. The paper analyses the features of education for resilience and sustainability based on good practice and the principles stipulated in strategic documents on sustainable development issued by international organizations and professional associations. In developing the curricula for strengthening resilience, focus should be placed on deeper learning about local knowledge, on stimulating local sustainability, systems thinking, integrating teaching about the environment and responsible citizenship into all school subjects. To achieve the objectives proposed it is necessary to enhance whole-institution approach and bridge the divide between the subjects in humanities and STEM areas by providing courses which afford insights into connections between various disciplines required for perceiving local and global issues and the solutions thereto, and to implement citizen science. Resilience thinking should be embedded in planning and strategic environmental assessment procedures for a wide range of themes and activities affecting coastal area environment and its communities.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47356208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the environmental footprint within a designated area is determined by an inventory of air pollutants (including toxic and greenhouse gases) emissions generated. The designated area of concern is the port of Dubrovnik, a well-known cruise ship destination, where a major source of pollutant emissions is the diesel engines of the ships operating in the port. This research was undertaken for the port of Dubrovnik in connection with the development of the national strategy and the need for determining the inventory of air pollutants. It was conducted for the last pre – COVID- 19 year, 2019. In this paper, after a short introduction, the basic data of the port of Dubrovnik and the marine traffic (predominantly cruisers) in 2019 are provided, obtained from publicly available data. Next, the emission estimate methodology based on a bottom-up approach is described. The inventory analysis was undertaken from the port boundary to the PWD (pier/wharf/dock) and back. The basic equations for evaluation during cruising, maneuvering, and hoteling are given along with the corresponding data. The aggregated results are presented in the form of tables and column charts. These results show that the generation of CO2 highly dominates. Regarding the pollution analyzed NOx dominates. The results of this study could be of interest for later studies on environmental pollution in the region of Dubrovnik-Neretva County and the Croatian coast.
{"title":"Emission footprint of 2019 cruise traffic in the port of Dubrovnik","authors":"Dražen Damić, Radoslav Radonja","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the environmental footprint within a designated area is determined by an inventory of air pollutants (including toxic and greenhouse gases) emissions generated. The designated area of concern is the port of Dubrovnik, a well-known cruise ship destination, where a major source of pollutant emissions is the diesel engines of the ships operating in the port. This research was undertaken for the port of Dubrovnik in connection with the development of the national strategy and the need for determining the inventory of air pollutants. It was conducted for the last pre – COVID- 19 year, 2019. In this paper, after a short introduction, the basic data of the port of Dubrovnik and the marine traffic (predominantly cruisers) in 2019 are provided, obtained from publicly available data. Next, the emission estimate methodology based on a bottom-up approach is described. The inventory analysis was undertaken from the port boundary to the PWD (pier/wharf/dock) and back. The basic equations for evaluation during cruising, maneuvering, and hoteling are given along with the corresponding data. The aggregated results are presented in the form of tables and column charts. These results show that the generation of CO2 highly dominates. Regarding the pollution analyzed NOx dominates. The results of this study could be of interest for later studies on environmental pollution in the region of Dubrovnik-Neretva County and the Croatian coast.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46509487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enhancement of world maritime shipping leads to increasing of the time required for transit passage and impossibility of old locks in Panama Canal to serve the newest vessel’s generation. Many states in east and south-eastern part of the country, as Florida, Georgia, Virginia and South Carolina, are becoming attractive for business. They have made various investments and improvements in regional transport infrastructure to dominate over freight traffic in the region, such as dredging of port entrances and port basins, expansion of container terminals, and improving inland transport connections to the port. The goal of this article is to study how the design and construction of new set of locks on the Panama Canal affects to the global trade and further to the multimodal chains, transport infrastructure and ports along the East American Coast.
{"title":"Reflection of expanded Panama Canal to supply chains and port infrastructure in North America","authors":"Valentina Grancharova","doi":"10.31217/p.36.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The enhancement of world maritime shipping leads to increasing of the time required for transit passage and impossibility of old locks in Panama Canal to serve the newest vessel’s generation. Many states in east and south-eastern part of the country, as Florida, Georgia, Virginia and South Carolina, are becoming attractive for business. They have made various investments and improvements in regional transport infrastructure to dominate over freight traffic in the region, such as dredging of port entrances and port basins, expansion of container terminals, and improving inland transport connections to the port. The goal of this article is to study how the design and construction of new set of locks on the Panama Canal affects to the global trade and further to the multimodal chains, transport infrastructure and ports along the East American Coast.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49134432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viktor Dragičević, Marin Levak, A. Turk, I. Lorencin
Compliance with modern environmental norms and regulations is an increasingly important requirement in the shipbuilding process of ship design and construction. Related to the ship production process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitric oxides and particulate matter are the main emissions of harmful gases in the shipyard. This paper analyzes air emissions from the ship production process in a shipyard. Air emissions are quantified from either in-situ measurements from emission sources, or by materials that are used in the shipbuilding process, and the acquired data from those measurements is calculated as yearly emissions. Emission quantities of VOCs, nitric oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulates are analyzed regarding possible reduction techniques considering efficiency and investment costs for using these methods. In conclusion, the best available and feasible emission reduction methods are suggested, and a suggestion for achieving the goal of a net zero emission shipyard.
{"title":"Ship production processes air emissions analysis","authors":"Viktor Dragičević, Marin Levak, A. Turk, I. Lorencin","doi":"10.31217/p.36.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with modern environmental norms and regulations is an increasingly important requirement in the shipbuilding process of ship design and construction. Related to the ship production process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitric oxides and particulate matter are the main emissions of harmful gases in the shipyard. This paper analyzes air emissions from the ship production process in a shipyard. Air emissions are quantified from either in-situ measurements from emission sources, or by materials that are used in the shipbuilding process, and the acquired data from those measurements is calculated as yearly emissions. Emission quantities of VOCs, nitric oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulates are analyzed regarding possible reduction techniques considering efficiency and investment costs for using these methods. In conclusion, the best available and feasible emission reduction methods are suggested, and a suggestion for achieving the goal of a net zero emission shipyard.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bagiyo Suwasono, Nuhman Usman, Edi Jadmiko, Ahmad Najid
As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has a concentrated deposit of salt in Java and Madura Island. Furthermore, the total demand for the mineral in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 3.9, 4, and 4.2 million tons, respectively. This study was carried out in 4 stages, namely identification of raw materials, crystallization, mechanical, and re-crystallization. The salt crystallization and purification process is beneficial to the aquaculture, fishery, and health sectors. The results showed that the raw materials obtained from the coastal areas of East Java and Bali Island have an average NaCl interval estimation range of 80.31% to 92.37%, which indicates that they are suitable for salt production. The product obtained from the processes have the potential to initiate diversification of business development in the country with an estimation range of 95.38% to 97.25%.
{"title":"Simple processing technology for the production of consumption salt in Indonesia","authors":"Bagiyo Suwasono, Nuhman Usman, Edi Jadmiko, Ahmad Najid","doi":"10.31217/p.36.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has a concentrated deposit of salt in Java and Madura Island. Furthermore, the total demand for the mineral in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 3.9, 4, and 4.2 million tons, respectively. This study was carried out in 4 stages, namely identification of raw materials, crystallization, mechanical, and re-crystallization. The salt crystallization and purification process is beneficial to the aquaculture, fishery, and health sectors. The results showed that the raw materials obtained from the coastal areas of East Java and Bali Island have an average NaCl interval estimation range of 80.31% to 92.37%, which indicates that they are suitable for salt production. The product obtained from the processes have the potential to initiate diversification of business development in the country with an estimation range of 95.38% to 97.25%.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kovtunenko, Liudmyla Cherniavska, O. Mitchuk, Y. Zahorodnia, Nataliia Tiapkina, V. Kostiuk
The sphere of sea tourism has massive potential for development; however, it requires the development of recommendations for effective organization. The primary research method is journalistic research, which allows for analysis of the subject of research from different angles and the use of additional data; in particular, the study results were based on official statistics, publications in reputable publishing houses, and the authors’ surveys and observations. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for the effective organization of maritime tourism. To achieve the goal, the authors analyzed the leading indicators of world statistics of sea tourism (on the example of cruises), identified the main trends and made forecasts that showed the study’s relevance. The authors also thoroughly conducted an analytical analysis of the subject of the study. They analyzed the global sea cruise industry market statistics, the prospects for the sea tourism market, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cruise industry. The authors conducted a survey and analyzed the reasons and factors influencing the choice in favour of sea tourism. The study made it possible to propose a mechanism for the effective organization of sea tourism in the country, which was tested on the example of the Odessa region and proved to be effective.
{"title":"Improving the organization of maritime tourism","authors":"Y. Kovtunenko, Liudmyla Cherniavska, O. Mitchuk, Y. Zahorodnia, Nataliia Tiapkina, V. Kostiuk","doi":"10.31217/p.36.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The sphere of sea tourism has massive potential for development; however, it requires the development of recommendations for effective organization. The primary research method is journalistic research, which allows for analysis of the subject of research from different angles and the use of additional data; in particular, the study results were based on official statistics, publications in reputable publishing houses, and the authors’ surveys and observations. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for the effective organization of maritime tourism. To achieve the goal, the authors analyzed the leading indicators of world statistics of sea tourism (on the example of cruises), identified the main trends and made forecasts that showed the study’s relevance. The authors also thoroughly conducted an analytical analysis of the subject of the study. They analyzed the global sea cruise industry market statistics, the prospects for the sea tourism market, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cruise industry. The authors conducted a survey and analyzed the reasons and factors influencing the choice in favour of sea tourism. The study made it possible to propose a mechanism for the effective organization of sea tourism in the country, which was tested on the example of the Odessa region and proved to be effective.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decades, the international practice has indicated that maritime disputes among coastal states have erupted as a result of direct infringements of maritime jurisdiction and rights of one coastal state towards another. These maritime disputes involve many aggravated issues and problems reflecting often conflicts of international nature which have to be tackled and given an appropriate resolution to avoid a possible escalation of a maritime conflict or crisis. The most problematic and dangerous cases related to these maritime conflicts are the maritime zones’ delimitation among coastal states which as their mechanism of sovereignty may utilize their armed forces to resolve the relevant disputes, considered very sensitive and paramount matters of national interests. The maritime dispute between Albania and Great Britain in the Corfu Channel incident is considered an aggravated interstate conflict where the armed forces of both coastal states confronted each other with lethal and extreme use of force. To avoid such a dangerous confrontation of maritime interests which can have dire consequences for international or regional peace and stability, the international organization such as the United Nations has adopted legal instruments for the resolution of maritime disputes through peaceful mechanisms and legal approaches such as international tribunals, international maritime conventions as well as diplomatic channels and political negotiations. It is the main objective of this article to examine these legal approaches and instruments to identify the legislative advantages and legal issues which may influence possible future maritime disputes among states.
{"title":"Legal instruments of the Law of the Sea related to the peaceful resolution of maritime disputes","authors":"Ermal Xhelilaj","doi":"10.31217/p.36.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decades, the international practice has indicated that maritime disputes among coastal states have erupted as a result of direct infringements of maritime jurisdiction and rights of one coastal state towards another. These maritime disputes involve many aggravated issues and problems reflecting often conflicts of international nature which have to be tackled and given an appropriate resolution to avoid a possible escalation of a maritime conflict or crisis. The most problematic and dangerous cases related to these maritime conflicts are the maritime zones’ delimitation among coastal states which as their mechanism of sovereignty may utilize their armed forces to resolve the relevant disputes, considered very sensitive and paramount matters of national interests. The maritime dispute between Albania and Great Britain in the Corfu Channel incident is considered an aggravated interstate conflict where the armed forces of both coastal states confronted each other with lethal and extreme use of force. To avoid such a dangerous confrontation of maritime interests which can have dire consequences for international or regional peace and stability, the international organization such as the United Nations has adopted legal instruments for the resolution of maritime disputes through peaceful mechanisms and legal approaches such as international tribunals, international maritime conventions as well as diplomatic channels and political negotiations. It is the main objective of this article to examine these legal approaches and instruments to identify the legislative advantages and legal issues which may influence possible future maritime disputes among states.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49239498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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