This paper focuses on CAD (computer-aided design) technology, one of the key fields under CIMS (computer-integrated manufacturing system) subject topic in the automation area, and discloses the Chinese Government policy's critical role in technological innovations. In addition, this paper analyses the nature of these high-tech firms created by academic researchers, and the key factors that lead to their successful evolution. It is based on the author's long-term business experiences, interviews and surveys from an influential group of corporate and academic leaders of Chinese CAD researches. This paper concludes that CAD innovations in China featured with government policy-intervened, university-industry collaborated. The study provides some new observations for debates and discussions to high-tech policy-makers in China and abroad and can benefit business managers seeking to understand the CAD environment in China. It also provides a foundation for further technology policy and innovation management research in China.
{"title":"Government high-tech policy and its impact: a case of CAD technology in China","authors":"J. Wen, S. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on CAD (computer-aided design) technology, one of the key fields under CIMS (computer-integrated manufacturing system) subject topic in the automation area, and discloses the Chinese Government policy's critical role in technological innovations. In addition, this paper analyses the nature of these high-tech firms created by academic researchers, and the key factors that lead to their successful evolution. It is based on the author's long-term business experiences, interviews and surveys from an influential group of corporate and academic leaders of Chinese CAD researches. This paper concludes that CAD innovations in China featured with government policy-intervened, university-industry collaborated. The study provides some new observations for debates and discussions to high-tech policy-makers in China and abroad and can benefit business managers seeking to understand the CAD environment in China. It also provides a foundation for further technology policy and innovation management research in China.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117036978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper makes the case that the linguistic discipline of pragmatics is useful in developing the next generation of knowledge management applications, especially in professional disciplines such as legal services, health care, and education. The four classes of knowledge-based software to be considered-agents, browsers, indexes (ontologies), and user models-are assessed by applying basic concepts from pragmatics to identify critical issues of context, meaning and location that affect usability and utility. This paper considers issues of common interest to software developers and practicing linguists or ethnographers, such as (a) feature density and preference determination in user modeling; (b) contextualization in high-performance and iterative DB queries; (c) social agency as related to such programming languages as KQML; and (d) disambiguation of meaning with natural language ontologies in large corpora. Three points are asserted and defended: first, current interfaces, databases, and query software have not achieved their full potential for capturing and storing information, and rendering it useful for practical tasks. Second, this failing originates in a reductionist view of language. A richer, context-bound analytical framework is required, such as that offered by pragmatics. Third, combined with the practical methods of ethnography and discourse analysis, a pragmatics-based perspective can support creation of the next generation of computer interfaces and databases, as well as advanced search and navigation tools.
{"title":"Knowledge management in the professional services: lessons from functional linguistics","authors":"R. Morris","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes the case that the linguistic discipline of pragmatics is useful in developing the next generation of knowledge management applications, especially in professional disciplines such as legal services, health care, and education. The four classes of knowledge-based software to be considered-agents, browsers, indexes (ontologies), and user models-are assessed by applying basic concepts from pragmatics to identify critical issues of context, meaning and location that affect usability and utility. This paper considers issues of common interest to software developers and practicing linguists or ethnographers, such as (a) feature density and preference determination in user modeling; (b) contextualization in high-performance and iterative DB queries; (c) social agency as related to such programming languages as KQML; and (d) disambiguation of meaning with natural language ontologies in large corpora. Three points are asserted and defended: first, current interfaces, databases, and query software have not achieved their full potential for capturing and storing information, and rendering it useful for practical tasks. Second, this failing originates in a reductionist view of language. A richer, context-bound analytical framework is required, such as that offered by pragmatics. Third, combined with the practical methods of ethnography and discourse analysis, a pragmatics-based perspective can support creation of the next generation of computer interfaces and databases, as well as advanced search and navigation tools.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114343987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses approaches to electronic commerce (EC) that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) use to interact with their suppliers. The paper is based on empirical work completed in a major OEMs supply chain with particular focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The work completed over the past three years highlights the importance of a flexible strategy when interacting with vendors and the need to describe the characteristics of the supply chain. Greater than one-half the value-added of manufactured goods are attributable to suppliers, and OEMs have increasingly focused their EC initiatives towards automating supplier management.
{"title":"Electronic commerce for manufacturing supply chains","authors":"R. Hira","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872505","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses approaches to electronic commerce (EC) that original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) use to interact with their suppliers. The paper is based on empirical work completed in a major OEMs supply chain with particular focus on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The work completed over the past three years highlights the importance of a flexible strategy when interacting with vendors and the need to describe the characteristics of the supply chain. Greater than one-half the value-added of manufactured goods are attributable to suppliers, and OEMs have increasingly focused their EC initiatives towards automating supplier management.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115791026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper illustrates how contract manufacturing is playing an increasingly important role in the telecommunications industry. Traditional telecommunications manufacturers need to concentrate on the activities which can bring the highest value to their customers, while they tend to subcontract other activities, especially if they do not have the needed core competencies. In fact, most telecommunications manufacturers are outsourcing some of their manufacturing activities to CMs (contract manufacturers), also called CEMS (contract electronic manufacturing services). GEMS manage a portfolio of plants located around the world using flexible, modular and reconfigurable assembly systems. Two case studies were undertaken in order to demystify the new and diversified role of CEMS in the telecommunications industry. The authors' findings have enabled them to develop a typology of outsourcing strategies for telecommunications manufacturers which correspond to the different roles of CEMS.
{"title":"Roles and strategies of contract manufacturers in the telecommunications industry","authors":"P. Hadaya, E. Lefebvre, Pierre-Majorique Léger","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872546","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates how contract manufacturing is playing an increasingly important role in the telecommunications industry. Traditional telecommunications manufacturers need to concentrate on the activities which can bring the highest value to their customers, while they tend to subcontract other activities, especially if they do not have the needed core competencies. In fact, most telecommunications manufacturers are outsourcing some of their manufacturing activities to CMs (contract manufacturers), also called CEMS (contract electronic manufacturing services). GEMS manage a portfolio of plants located around the world using flexible, modular and reconfigurable assembly systems. Two case studies were undertaken in order to demystify the new and diversified role of CEMS in the telecommunications industry. The authors' findings have enabled them to develop a typology of outsourcing strategies for telecommunications manufacturers which correspond to the different roles of CEMS.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133410536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet and World-Wide Web have transformed how we communicate and conduct business. Electronic support tools using the Internet have enhanced support providers' capabilities and at the same time enable users to become self-sufficient. Web-based support offers great opportunities for firms: (1) to reduce the cost of delivering support, (2) to improve the quality of support provided, and (3) to use technology as a key competitive differentiation in their support services. However, industry studies indicate that some firms are not satisfied with Web-based support systems, which in these cases has prevented Web-based systems from becoming the preferred medium for obtaining support. This paper is concerned with identifying the critical factors affecting the use of a Web-based self-support system at the Hewlett-Packard Company. Hewlett-Packard business customers have the ability to obtain a wide range of support services using HP's Web-based support system, the Electronic Support Center (ESC).
{"title":"Web-based self-support business system effectiveness","authors":"B. Dean, R. Kadambi","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872504","url":null,"abstract":"Internet and World-Wide Web have transformed how we communicate and conduct business. Electronic support tools using the Internet have enhanced support providers' capabilities and at the same time enable users to become self-sufficient. Web-based support offers great opportunities for firms: (1) to reduce the cost of delivering support, (2) to improve the quality of support provided, and (3) to use technology as a key competitive differentiation in their support services. However, industry studies indicate that some firms are not satisfied with Web-based support systems, which in these cases has prevented Web-based systems from becoming the preferred medium for obtaining support. This paper is concerned with identifying the critical factors affecting the use of a Web-based self-support system at the Hewlett-Packard Company. Hewlett-Packard business customers have the ability to obtain a wide range of support services using HP's Web-based support system, the Electronic Support Center (ESC).","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131301356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of technological capability enhancement in today's highly competitive and demanding business environment is well accepted. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the elements of acquisitive, operative, adaptive, innovative, supportive and marketing capabilities, all of which together constitute the technological capability of a firm. The proposed methodology comprises five steps: identification of value addition stages performed by a firm; determination of technological capabilities needed at these stages; development of indicators for assessing the identified technological capabilities; benchmarking the capabilities assessed with a state-of-the-art firm; and analysis of the reasons for the technological capability gap between the firm being studied and the state-of-art firm. Based on the former study in this field and considering the particulars of Chinese companies, this paper brings about a new theoretic model for technological capability assessment. The development of the indicators is illustrated using a firm from the information technology (IT) sector. Some suggestions are then made as to how the assessment exercise can be used for technological capability enhancement planning. Through the /spl beta/ test on the empirical study of three IT firms, the paper validates the function, usability and usefulness of the tool. Special attention is paid to the relationship between technological innovation and equipotential development, external and internal factors that can influence technological capability enhancement.
{"title":"Assessment of technological capability on IT firms","authors":"Chen Jin, Meng Fan, Xu Qingrui","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872517","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of technological capability enhancement in today's highly competitive and demanding business environment is well accepted. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the elements of acquisitive, operative, adaptive, innovative, supportive and marketing capabilities, all of which together constitute the technological capability of a firm. The proposed methodology comprises five steps: identification of value addition stages performed by a firm; determination of technological capabilities needed at these stages; development of indicators for assessing the identified technological capabilities; benchmarking the capabilities assessed with a state-of-the-art firm; and analysis of the reasons for the technological capability gap between the firm being studied and the state-of-art firm. Based on the former study in this field and considering the particulars of Chinese companies, this paper brings about a new theoretic model for technological capability assessment. The development of the indicators is illustrated using a firm from the information technology (IT) sector. Some suggestions are then made as to how the assessment exercise can be used for technological capability enhancement planning. Through the /spl beta/ test on the empirical study of three IT firms, the paper validates the function, usability and usefulness of the tool. Special attention is paid to the relationship between technological innovation and equipotential development, external and internal factors that can influence technological capability enhancement.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123269475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on a survey among the top R&D spending companies worldwide. First, it analyses the importance of current corporate technology strategies. Second, it looks at the instruments used to acquire the technologies and knowledge rated crucial for competitiveness. Third, aspects of the internationalisation of technology are investigated.
{"title":"Managing technology in the top R&D spending companies worldwide-results of a global survey","authors":"G. Reger, J. Edler, F. Meyer-Krahmer","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872501","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on a survey among the top R&D spending companies worldwide. First, it analyses the importance of current corporate technology strategies. Second, it looks at the instruments used to acquire the technologies and knowledge rated crucial for competitiveness. Third, aspects of the internationalisation of technology are investigated.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114842416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longitudinal data collected from twelve discontinuous innovation projects over 5 years in 10 large, mature firms reveal the challenges of managing the surprisingly difficult transition from R&D project to an operating unit. In these twelve projects a substantial "readiness gap" existed between the project teams and the receiving business units, leading us to propose the formation of a formal transition team as an organizational response for bridging this gap. The transition team and the organization's associated management structure must answer twelve critical questions before a project can be successfully transitioned. Based on an analysis of transition practices, we identify seven keys to improving the effectiveness of transition management.
{"title":"Managing the transition of a discontinuous innovation project to operational status","authors":"M. Rice, R. Leifer, G. O'Connor","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872570","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal data collected from twelve discontinuous innovation projects over 5 years in 10 large, mature firms reveal the challenges of managing the surprisingly difficult transition from R&D project to an operating unit. In these twelve projects a substantial \"readiness gap\" existed between the project teams and the receiving business units, leading us to propose the formation of a formal transition team as an organizational response for bridging this gap. The transition team and the organization's associated management structure must answer twelve critical questions before a project can be successfully transitioned. Based on an analysis of transition practices, we identify seven keys to improving the effectiveness of transition management.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122091496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If health care costs are to be reduced, the labor productivity of the US health care system must be increased. Regulations, both government and professionally imposed, have removed the economic incentives that traditionally drive productivity growth. Labor productivity growth can only be reached by increased competition among service providers that leads to replacement of many of those working in the health care field with low-cost technology, principally electrical and computer technology. In highly competitive systems, technology innovation increases productivity, increases quality and reduces both costs and charges. In weakly competitive systems, such as health care and education, technology innovation often increases quality, decreases costs, and increases charges. The path to productivity growth is first competition, then technology innovation. We propose the development of a national program managed by a national laboratory that includes both competition enhancement and technology innovation as its primary elements.
{"title":"A national laboratory for reforming health care costs","authors":"J. Gover, P. Huray","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872588","url":null,"abstract":"If health care costs are to be reduced, the labor productivity of the US health care system must be increased. Regulations, both government and professionally imposed, have removed the economic incentives that traditionally drive productivity growth. Labor productivity growth can only be reached by increased competition among service providers that leads to replacement of many of those working in the health care field with low-cost technology, principally electrical and computer technology. In highly competitive systems, technology innovation increases productivity, increases quality and reduces both costs and charges. In weakly competitive systems, such as health care and education, technology innovation often increases quality, decreases costs, and increases charges. The path to productivity growth is first competition, then technology innovation. We propose the development of a national program managed by a national laboratory that includes both competition enhancement and technology innovation as its primary elements.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125456424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the tremendous advance of technology and rapid growth of productivity in the US Engineering and Scientific Instrument Industry (SIC 3811). The existence and the effect of unmeasured input quality change in the official price index are explored. Semiconductors and electronics are identified as the major input components that contain substantial unmeasured input quality changes. A method that incorporates the total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the semiconductor and electronics industry into the cost structure of the instrument industry is used to adjust for the semiconductor prices. As expected, the productivity growth in the instrument industry is overestimated with the existence of unmeasured input quality improvement. (This effect might be smaller or even reversed if account is taken of quality change in the output of scientific instruments.) The results have strong implications for national science and technology policies: the semiconductor industry lies at the core of quality change and productivity advances in other industries as well, particularly in the computers and telecommunications equipment industries where the downstream effects have been measured.
{"title":"Technological advance and productivity growth in the US Engineering and Scientific Instrument Industry: adjustment for unmeasured performance change in semiconductor inputs","authors":"C. Fu, J. Norsworthy","doi":"10.1109/EMS.2000.872532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMS.2000.872532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the tremendous advance of technology and rapid growth of productivity in the US Engineering and Scientific Instrument Industry (SIC 3811). The existence and the effect of unmeasured input quality change in the official price index are explored. Semiconductors and electronics are identified as the major input components that contain substantial unmeasured input quality changes. A method that incorporates the total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the semiconductor and electronics industry into the cost structure of the instrument industry is used to adjust for the semiconductor prices. As expected, the productivity growth in the instrument industry is overestimated with the existence of unmeasured input quality improvement. (This effect might be smaller or even reversed if account is taken of quality change in the output of scientific instruments.) The results have strong implications for national science and technology policies: the semiconductor industry lies at the core of quality change and productivity advances in other industries as well, particularly in the computers and telecommunications equipment industries where the downstream effects have been measured.","PeriodicalId":440516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Engineering Management Society. EMS - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37139)","volume":"10 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116873248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：