Language assessment plays a pivotal role in evaluating learners’ language proficiency and informing educational practices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of international standards guiding the assessment of language proficiency in educational settings. Drawing upon established frameworks such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) proficiency guidelines, this review examines the key principles, methodologies, and criteria for assessing the efficacy of language assessment tools. It explores the importance of validity, reliability, authenticity, and practicality in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments. Furthermore, it discusses the significance of considering socio-cultural and contextual factors in ensuring the fairness and equity of language assessment practices. The review also highlights emerging trends and challenges in language assessment, including the integration of technology and the need for continuous professional development for assessors. By synthesizing international standards and best practices, this paper offers valuable insights for educators, assessment specialists, and policymakers striving to enhance the quality and effectiveness of language assessment in educational contexts.
{"title":"Assessing the Efficacy of Language Assessment Tools in Educational Settings","authors":"AKINKUOTU, Foluke ABIMBOLA PHD, FOWOWE, Sunday Simeon, ADEBANJO, Mopelola OMOWUMI PHD","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"Language assessment plays a pivotal role in evaluating learners’ language proficiency and informing educational practices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of international standards guiding the assessment of language proficiency in educational settings. Drawing upon established frameworks such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) proficiency guidelines, this review examines the key principles, methodologies, and criteria for assessing the efficacy of language assessment tools. It explores the importance of validity, reliability, authenticity, and practicality in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments. Furthermore, it discusses the significance of considering socio-cultural and contextual factors in ensuring the fairness and equity of language assessment practices. The review also highlights emerging trends and challenges in language assessment, including the integration of technology and the need for continuous professional development for assessors. By synthesizing international standards and best practices, this paper offers valuable insights for educators, assessment specialists, and policymakers striving to enhance the quality and effectiveness of language assessment in educational contexts.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although it is easier for people to understand each other and communicate in a fairly complete and standard “official” language, the distinctive culture of a region is in most cases reflected and conveyed by the language spoken by the local people. With the spread of Mandarin and the influence of education since the founding of New China, coupled with the negative effects of new media and the Internet, Guiyang accent is disappearing among young people. The author practiced Professor Seedhouse’s approach by transcribing and discursively analyzing a video of a family chatting and having a meal in the mountains of Guizhou. Mutual understanding in cross-cultural communities is not only achieved in educational contexts such as schools, but also in person-to-person interactions. Awareness of issues related to bilingualism is naturally raised in everyday life situations.
{"title":"Exploring the Interaction of Guiyangese Dialect and Mandarin in Daily Life through Transcription and Discourse Analysis","authors":"Xiaoduan Liu","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p109","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is easier for people to understand each other and communicate in a fairly complete and standard “official” language, the distinctive culture of a region is in most cases reflected and conveyed by the language spoken by the local people. With the spread of Mandarin and the influence of education since the founding of New China, coupled with the negative effects of new media and the Internet, Guiyang accent is disappearing among young people. The author practiced Professor Seedhouse’s approach by transcribing and discursively analyzing a video of a family chatting and having a meal in the mountains of Guizhou. Mutual understanding in cross-cultural communities is not only achieved in educational contexts such as schools, but also in person-to-person interactions. Awareness of issues related to bilingualism is naturally raised in everyday life situations.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essence of education is to develop people and develop humanity. No matter what kind of education, must follow this essential provisions. Vocational education for ethnic minorities is an important link in the education chain and plays an important role in improving the quality of ethnic minority members and adapting to economic and social needs. However, the emergence of common assimilation and marketization in the objectives and courses of ethnic vocational education has brought about the lack of ethnic and professional characte ristics in ethnic vocational education, which has caused the problems such as the failure of the trained talents to meet the needs of local economic and social development. The concept of “positional education” has brought a new Angle of thinking about this issue to ethnic vocational education. Ethnic vocational education must first be accurately positioned, and then it can seek development.
{"title":"The Direction of Ethnic Vocational Education under the Way of “Positional Education”","authors":"Heyan Wang","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p100","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of education is to develop people and develop humanity. No matter what kind of education, must follow this essential provisions. Vocational education for ethnic minorities is an important link in the education chain and plays an important role in improving the quality of ethnic minority members and adapting to economic and social needs. However, the emergence of common assimilation and marketization in the objectives and courses of ethnic vocational education has brought about the lack of ethnic and professional characte ristics in ethnic vocational education, which has caused the problems such as the failure of the trained talents to meet the needs of local economic and social development. The concept of “positional education” has brought a new Angle of thinking about this issue to ethnic vocational education. Ethnic vocational education must first be accurately positioned, and then it can seek development.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"36 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study attempts to investigate the status quo of Chinese English-as-foreign-language (EFL) university students’ willingness to communicate in a second language (L2WTC), i.e., in English, in class, and how these students with different levels of L2WTC differ in their achievement attributions. With a mixed-method approach, the study reveals that Chinese EFL university students exhibit a moderate level of L2WTC in English class, with girls demonstrating higher levels of L2WTC compared to their male counterparts. Furthermore, the greatest statistically significant differences are observed in three achievement attributions—namely effort, strategy, and teacher’s instruction—between students with high-level and low-level L2WTC. Notably, the achievement attribution of effort is proved to be positively related to L2WTC with the highest coefficient, while a negative path exists between the achievement attribution of language gift and L2WTC. Drawing from the findings, the pedagogical implication concerning reattribution training is provided.
{"title":"The Study of the Correlation between EFL University Students’ L2WTC in English Class and Achievement Attribution","authors":"Xiaolin Han","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p79","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to investigate the status quo of Chinese English-as-foreign-language (EFL) university students’ willingness to communicate in a second language (L2WTC), i.e., in English, in class, and how these students with different levels of L2WTC differ in their achievement attributions. With a mixed-method approach, the study reveals that Chinese EFL university students exhibit a moderate level of L2WTC in English class, with girls demonstrating higher levels of L2WTC compared to their male counterparts. Furthermore, the greatest statistically significant differences are observed in three achievement attributions—namely effort, strategy, and teacher’s instruction—between students with high-level and low-level L2WTC. Notably, the achievement attribution of effort is proved to be positively related to L2WTC with the highest coefficient, while a negative path exists between the achievement attribution of language gift and L2WTC. Drawing from the findings, the pedagogical implication concerning reattribution training is provided.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":" 978","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of social media and the updating of emoticons, people widely use emoticons to convey information and express emotions in instant messaging to achieve the purpose of communication. As a new research field, emoticons have attracted extensive attention of scholars in recent years. The previous studies mostly focus on motivation and influencing factors of emoticon usage from the perspective of communication. However, little research has been done on the study of linguistics. The author of this paper intends to explore the roles and pragmatic functions of emoticons in WeChat messaging through discourse analysis based on speech act theory. The study shows that emoticons compensate for the lack of information and eliminate ambiguity in online communication, and that different age groups have different understandings of emoticons. Hopefully the study on emoticons will help people systematically understand the roles and functions of emoticons, thus achieving interpersonal effective communication.
{"title":"Pragmatic Functions of Emoticons in WeChat Messaging","authors":"Jianing Tang","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p68","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of social media and the updating of emoticons, people widely use emoticons to convey information and express emotions in instant messaging to achieve the purpose of communication. As a new research field, emoticons have attracted extensive attention of scholars in recent years. The previous studies mostly focus on motivation and influencing factors of emoticon usage from the perspective of communication. However, little research has been done on the study of linguistics. The author of this paper intends to explore the roles and pragmatic functions of emoticons in WeChat messaging through discourse analysis based on speech act theory. The study shows that emoticons compensate for the lack of information and eliminate ambiguity in online communication, and that different age groups have different understandings of emoticons. Hopefully the study on emoticons will help people systematically understand the roles and functions of emoticons, thus achieving interpersonal effective communication.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":" 55","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, numerous references to the human body are intertwined with a rich array of rhetorical devices including personification, simile, metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. Metaphorical rhetoric is a hallmark of Shakespearean language, often used to depict sensory experiences, symbolize objects and emotions, and flesh out characters. However, due to cognitive disparities between Western and Chinese cultures, the same rhetorical themes may be expressed with different objects across cultures. As a result, translators must employ various strategies to bridge these gaps. This study aims to examine the cognitive differences underlying body-related rhetoric, particularly facial descriptions, in five different translations of Romeo and Juliet spanning different periods. The goal is to analyze the translation techniques and methodologies employed by translators to address these cultural disparities.
{"title":"The Translation of Body-part Rhetoric in Romeo and Juliet: Take the Example of Facial Terms","authors":"Qingtao Li","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p58","url":null,"abstract":"In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, numerous references to the human body are intertwined with a rich array of rhetorical devices including personification, simile, metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. Metaphorical rhetoric is a hallmark of Shakespearean language, often used to depict sensory experiences, symbolize objects and emotions, and flesh out characters. However, due to cognitive disparities between Western and Chinese cultures, the same rhetorical themes may be expressed with different objects across cultures. As a result, translators must employ various strategies to bridge these gaps. This study aims to examine the cognitive differences underlying body-related rhetoric, particularly facial descriptions, in five different translations of Romeo and Juliet spanning different periods. The goal is to analyze the translation techniques and methodologies employed by translators to address these cultural disparities.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Bell Jar, the only novel by American poet and writer Sylvia Plath, vividly portrays the marginalized experience of American women in the mid-20th century and depicts the struggles of female intellectuals in constructing their own identities.This paper, by using the concepts of flashback and juxtaposition in spatial narration theory, explores three key aspects: the physical spatial changes in the whole story, the interplay between psychological and physical spaces under flashbacks and juxtaposition, and the protagonist Esther’s resistance against the male-dominated society and her awakening of female consciousness in the bell jar. It analyzes how Esther’s psychological space evolves within the ever-shifting physical spaces, leading to her feelings of helplessness, despair, and madness. Furthermore, it examines how through her rebellious madness, Esther achieves her awakening of female consciousness, constructs her own identity as a female intellectual, and raises her voice in a male-dominated society oppressive at the time.
{"title":"Madness and Resistance under the Flashback and Juxtaposition—Spatial Narration in The Bell Jar","authors":"Kexin Li","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p48","url":null,"abstract":"The Bell Jar, the only novel by American poet and writer Sylvia Plath, vividly portrays the marginalized experience of American women in the mid-20th century and depicts the struggles of female intellectuals in constructing their own identities.This paper, by using the concepts of flashback and juxtaposition in spatial narration theory, explores three key aspects: the physical spatial changes in the whole story, the interplay between psychological and physical spaces under flashbacks and juxtaposition, and the protagonist Esther’s resistance against the male-dominated society and her awakening of female consciousness in the bell jar. It analyzes how Esther’s psychological space evolves within the ever-shifting physical spaces, leading to her feelings of helplessness, despair, and madness. Furthermore, it examines how through her rebellious madness, Esther achieves her awakening of female consciousness, constructs her own identity as a female intellectual, and raises her voice in a male-dominated society oppressive at the time.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"230 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online shopping has developed into a popular mode of consumption. Many e-commerce platforms offer customer feedback mechanisms, and customers can rate products after purchase. In addition to advice from retailers, reference opinions are also provided for potential consumers. Consumers can use reviews to interact with potential consumers. Therefore, from a linguistic perspective, this interactive process has an interpersonal meaning. This paper used engagement of appraisal theory to analyze and compare Chinese and English online shopping reviews concerning the engagement and its distribution. 100 Chinese online shopping comments and 100 English online shopping comments about the same type of electronic products were selected, then they were organised, categorised and analysed according to the theoretical framework. The conclusions are that Chinese and English consumers can change the level of discursive responsibility through engagement resources, thus expanding or narrowing the space of dialogue with potential consumers, and secondly English consumers tend to use accurate and clear intervening resources, while Chinese tend to use uncertain and vague engagement resources. From a cross-cultural perspective, this study can help Chinese and English potential consumers to identify evaluation resources, as well as suggestions for Chinese and English businesses on how to internationalize their products.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Online Shopping Reviews from the Engagement of Appraisal Theory—Take Taobao Electronic Products Online Shopping Reviews as Example","authors":"Qinyi Qi, Jing Jin","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p31","url":null,"abstract":"Online shopping has developed into a popular mode of consumption. Many e-commerce platforms offer customer feedback mechanisms, and customers can rate products after purchase. In addition to advice from retailers, reference opinions are also provided for potential consumers. Consumers can use reviews to interact with potential consumers. Therefore, from a linguistic perspective, this interactive process has an interpersonal meaning. This paper used engagement of appraisal theory to analyze and compare Chinese and English online shopping reviews concerning the engagement and its distribution. 100 Chinese online shopping comments and 100 English online shopping comments about the same type of electronic products were selected, then they were organised, categorised and analysed according to the theoretical framework. The conclusions are that Chinese and English consumers can change the level of discursive responsibility through engagement resources, thus expanding or narrowing the space of dialogue with potential consumers, and secondly English consumers tend to use accurate and clear intervening resources, while Chinese tend to use uncertain and vague engagement resources. From a cross-cultural perspective, this study can help Chinese and English potential consumers to identify evaluation resources, as well as suggestions for Chinese and English businesses on how to internationalize their products.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobility has received burgeoning attention in social science studies, and it is of great significance to the academic research to migrants’ dialects in China. Most research shows that individuals have a strong emotional attachment to their first language. However, in this study, from the perspective of ecology, semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experience and emotional attitudes of immigrants living in Huizhou city, Guangdong Province. Although immigrants take their native language as a symbol of their early life memories, other languages could also be a suitable medium for showing their inner world when they move to a new place and use another language. People’s positive or negative emotions towards their first or second languages depend on how they interact with their surroundings. Based on the results, this paper provides a deeper understanding of adult migrants’ language choices from an ecolinguistic perspective.
{"title":"An Ecolinguistic Perspective Study on Linguistic Resources Emotions of Migrants in Huizhou","authors":"Yuxuan Cai","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n2p24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n2p24","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility has received burgeoning attention in social science studies, and it is of great significance to the academic research to migrants’ dialects in China. Most research shows that individuals have a strong emotional attachment to their first language. However, in this study, from the perspective of ecology, semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experience and emotional attitudes of immigrants living in Huizhou city, Guangdong Province. Although immigrants take their native language as a symbol of their early life memories, other languages could also be a suitable medium for showing their inner world when they move to a new place and use another language. People’s positive or negative emotions towards their first or second languages depend on how they interact with their surroundings. Based on the results, this paper provides a deeper understanding of adult migrants’ language choices from an ecolinguistic perspective.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"24 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Lighthouse is an excellent contemporary novel that tells the family tragedies of two generations which involve numerous individuals and families. After being shortlisted for the 2012 Man Booker Prize, it has been noticed by many researchers and scholars from home and abroad. Starting from the perspective of ethical literary criticism, this paper intends to have a detailed analysis of the ethical issues existing in The Lighthouse through the method of close reading. This paper also attempts to have an insight into the moral and ethical problems in modern families, or the problems between contemporary people, trying to analyze the main characters’ self-developments of morality and the author’s ethical values from the discussion of the main characters’ ethical choices, the construction of ethical identities and the human and human relationship in this novel.
{"title":"Analysis of Alison Moore’s The Lighthouse from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism","authors":"Lijun Ren","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v5n1p155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n1p155","url":null,"abstract":"The Lighthouse is an excellent contemporary novel that tells the family tragedies of two generations which involve numerous individuals and families. After being shortlisted for the 2012 Man Booker Prize, it has been noticed by many researchers and scholars from home and abroad. Starting from the perspective of ethical literary criticism, this paper intends to have a detailed analysis of the ethical issues existing in The Lighthouse through the method of close reading. This paper also attempts to have an insight into the moral and ethical problems in modern families, or the problems between contemporary people, trying to analyze the main characters’ self-developments of morality and the author’s ethical values from the discussion of the main characters’ ethical choices, the construction of ethical identities and the human and human relationship in this novel.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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