As an essential part of news, English news headlines are especially important. This paper makes an analysis of metaphor translation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Combining cognitive metaphor theory, the author deals with cognitive features that characterized by the people’s life experience and cognitive perception. Then, the translatability of metaphor is discussed in English news headlines in order to demonstrate that metaphorical translation is complicated for the cultural differences. Sometimes a faithful translation may be at the cost of losing metaphorical meaning. Then, effective metaphor translation methods are offered. They are literal translation, free translation and the change of vehicles, all of which involves the interpretation of similarity and/or difference of two languages. By using these methods appropriately, translators will be saved out of awkward translation adversity. With all the work above done, it will be easier for English news translators to translate more appropriately and for people to have a better understanding of the English used in this field. Accurate translation will definitely promote the spread of news and strengthen its timeliness.
{"title":"On Metaphor Translation in English News Headlines from a Cognitive Linguistics Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n2p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n2p21","url":null,"abstract":"As an essential part of news, English news headlines are especially important. This paper makes an analysis of metaphor translation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Combining cognitive metaphor theory, the author deals with cognitive features that characterized by the people’s life experience and cognitive perception. Then, the translatability of metaphor is discussed in English news headlines in order to demonstrate that metaphorical translation is complicated for the cultural differences. Sometimes a faithful translation may be at the cost of losing metaphorical meaning. Then, effective metaphor translation methods are offered. They are literal translation, free translation and the change of vehicles, all of which involves the interpretation of similarity and/or difference of two languages. By using these methods appropriately, translators will be saved out of awkward translation adversity. With all the work above done, it will be easier for English news translators to translate more appropriately and for people to have a better understanding of the English used in this field. Accurate translation will definitely promote the spread of news and strengthen its timeliness.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116508562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Egan’s Pulitzer-prize-winning novel A Visit from the Goon Squad conceives of time as a brutalizing force which ravages characters who wonder where time went. The novel calls attention to readers’ own experience of time passing. Order, duration, frequency; time passed and time regained; time’s forward march and memory’s backward loops: these are the recurring preoccupations of this novel. However, most academic researches focus on the author’s interviews, thematic analysis, and the novel’s postmodernist characteristics etc. Based on Gérard Genette’s theory of the narrative time, this article studies how Egan demonstrates the theme of the “passage of time” in her writing through a deliberate arrangement of the narrative time.
詹妮弗·伊根(Jennifer Egan)的普利策奖获奖小说《暴徒来访》(A Visit from the Goon Squad)将时间想象成一种残酷的力量，它蹂躏着那些不知道时间去了哪里的人物。这部小说唤起读者对时间流逝的亲身体验。顺序、持续时间、频率;时间过去了，时间又回来了;时间的向前行进和记忆的向后循环:这些是这部小说反复出现的关注点。然而，学术界的研究大多集中在作者访谈、主题分析、小说的后现代主义特征等方面。本文以格姆萨尔德·热内特的叙事时间理论为基础，研究伊根是如何通过对叙事时间的刻意安排来表现“时间流逝”这一主题的。
{"title":"Devouring Time: A Study of the Narrative Time in Jennifer Egan’s A Visit from the Goon Squad","authors":"Ling-chi Wang","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n2p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n2p11","url":null,"abstract":"Jennifer Egan’s Pulitzer-prize-winning novel A Visit from the Goon Squad conceives of time as a brutalizing force which ravages characters who wonder where time went. The novel calls attention to readers’ own experience of time passing. Order, duration, frequency; time passed and time regained; time’s forward march and memory’s backward loops: these are the recurring preoccupations of this novel. However, most academic researches focus on the author’s interviews, thematic analysis, and the novel’s postmodernist characteristics etc. Based on Gérard Genette’s theory of the narrative time, this article studies how Egan demonstrates the theme of the “passage of time” in her writing through a deliberate arrangement of the narrative time.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114580139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To raise the authors’ awareness of using the moves and move models in abstract writing, this study compares the frequency, type, and significant difference of moves and move models in 100 abstracts written in English by Chinese scholars and 100 abstracts written by international scholars in 10 prestigious international journals in the field of linguistics. The adapted Hyland’s five-move model was used as research framework, Corpus and statistic software SPSS were used as research instruments. The comparisons report that Chinese scholars tend to use introduction, result, and conclusion moves. International scholars are inclined to use purpose, method, result, and conclusion moves. The results also indicate that the four-move model is the most prevalent in the two groups. Chinese scholars used the two-move model more than the English authors whereas used the five-move model less than the international authors. The findings are intended to provide referential value for the writing and teaching of English for academic purposes.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Move Analysis in Chinese and International Research Article Abstracts","authors":"Haixu Li, Mei-ein Wang, Lehua Zhang","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"To raise the authors’ awareness of using the moves and move models in abstract writing, this study compares the frequency, type, and significant difference of moves and move models in 100 abstracts written in English by Chinese scholars and 100 abstracts written by international scholars in 10 prestigious international journals in the field of linguistics. The adapted Hyland’s five-move model was used as research framework, Corpus and statistic software SPSS were used as research instruments. The comparisons report that Chinese scholars tend to use introduction, result, and conclusion moves. International scholars are inclined to use purpose, method, result, and conclusion moves. The results also indicate that the four-move model is the most prevalent in the two groups. Chinese scholars used the two-move model more than the English authors whereas used the five-move model less than the international authors. The findings are intended to provide referential value for the writing and teaching of English for academic purposes.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130775903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction is usually encouraged by scholars and educationists for its many benefits that include intellectual growth of students, and promoting national development, amongst others. In some cases, however, it can lead to problems when not properly implemented. In preparing this policy brief, we built on our intimate knowledge of Tanzania and its language situation as both are teachers and citizens of the country. We also relied on internet research using search engines, particularly Google scholar using key terms like ‘Education Policy in Tanzania’, ‘Kiswahili in Tanzanian Education’, ‘Mother Tongue Influence in Schools’, ‘Language Policy in Tanzania’ and the like. In addition to this, we made extensive use of the University of Sussex library services. This is the case of Tanzania where Kiswahili is primarily used as the medium of instruction in primary schools with English as a subject of study. However, at the secondary school level, there is usually an abrupt change as students are formerly taught in English, with informal use of Kiswahili. This policy brief reviews the language of instruction in Tanzania highlighting problems of secondary school students due to the switch to English in secondary schools. It advocates for continuous use of Kiswahili formally up to university level without neglecting English but allowing it to be offered as a subject. The study concluded that there is an obvious problem of the language of instruction in Tanzania that is leading to several issues in the educational sector. A determined and deliberate step in adopting either English or Kiswahili as a continuous language of instruction with proper implementation will lead to overcoming most of these obstacles. Moreover the study recommended that Kiswahili should be used as a medium of instruction throughout the educational process of students, right up to tertiary institution, especially in private schools. This will give them continuity in learning as opposed to having to learn new terms in a language they are not competent in. Relatedly, learning in Kiswahili which is a mother tongue to most of the students will enhance their learning.
{"title":"Emphasizing Kiswahili as a Medium of Instruction for Effective Education Output in Tanzania","authors":"Catherine David Hiza, M. J. Paschal","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n1p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n1p31","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction is usually encouraged by scholars and educationists for its many benefits that include intellectual growth of students, and promoting national development, amongst others. In some cases, however, it can lead to problems when not properly implemented. In preparing this policy brief, we built on our intimate knowledge of Tanzania and its language situation as both are teachers and citizens of the country. We also relied on internet research using search engines, particularly Google scholar using key terms like ‘Education Policy in Tanzania’, ‘Kiswahili in Tanzanian Education’, ‘Mother Tongue Influence in Schools’, ‘Language Policy in Tanzania’ and the like. In addition to this, we made extensive use of the University of Sussex library services. This is the case of Tanzania where Kiswahili is primarily used as the medium of instruction in primary schools with English as a subject of study. However, at the secondary school level, there is usually an abrupt change as students are formerly taught in English, with informal use of Kiswahili. This policy brief reviews the language of instruction in Tanzania highlighting problems of secondary school students due to the switch to English in secondary schools. It advocates for continuous use of Kiswahili formally up to university level without neglecting English but allowing it to be offered as a subject. The study concluded that there is an obvious problem of the language of instruction in Tanzania that is leading to several issues in the educational sector. A determined and deliberate step in adopting either English or Kiswahili as a continuous language of instruction with proper implementation will lead to overcoming most of these obstacles. Moreover the study recommended that Kiswahili should be used as a medium of instruction throughout the educational process of students, right up to tertiary institution, especially in private schools. This will give them continuity in learning as opposed to having to learn new terms in a language they are not competent in. Relatedly, learning in Kiswahili which is a mother tongue to most of the students will enhance their learning.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"615 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123205561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ultimate goal of this paper is to show how similar except and except for are in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). A point to note is that except and except for exhibit the same pattern in six genres, whereas they show a different pattern in two genres. What this suggests is that except is 75% the same as except for in the genre analysis of the COCA. A further point to note is that except and except for exhibit the lowest similarity in the fiction genre, whereas they reveal the highest similarity in the spoken genre. The COCA clearly shows that except people is the most preferable one among Americans, followed by except death, except Mr, and except water, in that order. The COCA further shows that except for people (45 tokens) is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by except for Mr, except for cases, and except for things, in that order. Finally, this paper argues that 21.95% of 41 nouns are the collocations of both except and except for. This amounts to saying that except is 21.95% the same as except for in the analysis of 41 collocations.
本文的最终目的是展示当代美国英语语料库中except和except for的相似程度。需要注意的是，except和except for在六种类型中表现出相同的模式，而它们在两种类型中表现出不同的模式。这表明，在COCA的体裁分析中，except和except有75%是相同的。需要进一步注意的一点是，except和except for在小说类型中表现出最低的相似性，而它们在口语类型中表现出最高的相似性。COCA清楚地表明，美国人最喜欢“除了人”，其次是“除了死”、“除了先生”和“除了水”。COCA进一步显示，除了for people(45个代币)是美国人最喜欢的代币，其次是except for Mr, except for cases和except for things，按照这个顺序。最后，本文认为41个名词中有21.95%是except和except for的搭配。这相当于说，在41种搭配的分析中，except与except的比例是21.95%。
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Except and Except for in the COCA","authors":"Namkil Kang","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n1p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n1p21","url":null,"abstract":"The ultimate goal of this paper is to show how similar except and except for are in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). A point to note is that except and except for exhibit the same pattern in six genres, whereas they show a different pattern in two genres. What this suggests is that except is 75% the same as except for in the genre analysis of the COCA. A further point to note is that except and except for exhibit the lowest similarity in the fiction genre, whereas they reveal the highest similarity in the spoken genre. The COCA clearly shows that except people is the most preferable one among Americans, followed by except death, except Mr, and except water, in that order. The COCA further shows that except for people (45 tokens) is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by except for Mr, except for cases, and except for things, in that order. Finally, this paper argues that 21.95% of 41 nouns are the collocations of both except and except for. This amounts to saying that except is 21.95% the same as except for in the analysis of 41 collocations.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130725329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As science and technology gains steam, relationships or contradictions with human species and between humans and other groups are increasingly of vital importance. And with a seemingly chaotic new world created by modern science, Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is an essential piece of work to analyze humans’ living condition during a post-humanistic world. Therefore, based on Haraway’s cyborg theory, this study intends to have a discussion on the realization of cyborg space in Oryx and Crake from the perspective of ambiguous boundary between males and females, humans and animals, and nature and human civilization, so as to advocate a space or society of high hybridity and ambiguity, free from superiority, prejudice or dualism.
随着科学技术的发展，人类之间以及人类与其他群体之间的关系或矛盾变得越来越重要。在现代科学创造的看似混乱的新世界中，玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《羚羊与秧鸡》是一部分析后人文世界中人类生存状况的重要作品。因此，本研究拟以Haraway的半机械人理论为基础，从男性与女性、人类与动物、自然与人类文明的模糊边界出发，探讨在Oryx and Crake中半机械人空间的实现，倡导一种高度混杂性和模糊性的空间或社会，不存在优越感、偏见和二元论。
{"title":"Cyborg Space in Oryx and Crake","authors":"Chen Zhu","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n1p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n1p14","url":null,"abstract":"As science and technology gains steam, relationships or contradictions with human species and between humans and other groups are increasingly of vital importance. And with a seemingly chaotic new world created by modern science, Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is an essential piece of work to analyze humans’ living condition during a post-humanistic world. Therefore, based on Haraway’s cyborg theory, this study intends to have a discussion on the realization of cyborg space in Oryx and Crake from the perspective of ambiguous boundary between males and females, humans and animals, and nature and human civilization, so as to advocate a space or society of high hybridity and ambiguity, free from superiority, prejudice or dualism.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129532223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mapudungun is one of the heritages that defines the identity of the Mapuche people. Their survival over time is mainly due to the re-ethnification processes that have occurred in the last decade. However, it is necessary to follow the strategies briefly developed in this work, in order to maintain its validity and revitalization in the Chilean sociocultural context. A maintenance program for this indigenous language must have the proper state support to become a healthy and self-sufficient language. All this will allow the continuation of the way of life of its users, as well as the faithful reflection of their culture within the multicultural world.
{"title":"Mapudungun, Interculturality and Inclusiveness in the Chilean Educational System","authors":"J. Salum Tomé, PhD.","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v4n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v4n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Mapudungun is one of the heritages that defines the identity of the Mapuche people. Their survival over time is mainly due to the re-ethnification processes that have occurred in the last decade. However, it is necessary to follow the strategies briefly developed in this work, in order to maintain its validity and revitalization in the Chilean sociocultural context. A maintenance program for this indigenous language must have the proper state support to become a healthy and self-sufficient language. All this will allow the continuation of the way of life of its users, as well as the faithful reflection of their culture within the multicultural world.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Notwithstanding close critical attention has been paid to the essential victimization of the intellectual women and non-intellectual women who have been tossed and tortured in their unbearable lives and experiences in the increasing interpretation of the female characterization of this novel The Bell Jar (1963), inadequate critical concern has been shown to reveal the distorted power mechanism and power institutionalism implied in the contextualization of the gloomy social and cultural disciplines effective in the despotic disturbance and interference of the actions and thoughts of most intellectual women and non-intellectual women in 1950s in American society and American culture as indicated in the very ingenuous and insightful production of this novel extremely valuable for the adequate clarification of the executive essence of those hegemonic and demonic disciplines. For the sake of the ideological and epistemological essence of this disciplinary confinement and enslavement engendered in the vicious and malicious disciplines implemented in the entire society where Sylvia Plath has lived, this paper aims to uncover the quite malicious distortion of Foucauldian panopticism implemented in the formation and reformation of the power mechanism and power institutionalism implemented to persecute intellectual women and non-intellectual women as what has been insinuated into the ideological and epistemological veins of this novel according to the surveillance, inspection, and, supervision of this Foucauldian panopticism to have a good access to the true reasons of the suicidal tragedies and tragic traumas of Esther Greenhood who has been caught in the fatal threat of this power mechanism and power institutionalism witnessed in the ideological and epistemological stupefaction and sterilization of those intellectual women and non-intellectual women whose efforts have turned out to be futile when their entire lives and lots have been captured by the demonic dominator or governor of American society and American culture at that time.
{"title":"Unravelling the Distorted Foucauldian Panopticism Epitomized in the Suicidal Tortures of Esther Greenhood in The Bell Jar","authors":"Luo Jun, Li Jun","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v3n4p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v3n4p58","url":null,"abstract":"Notwithstanding close critical attention has been paid to the essential victimization of the intellectual women and non-intellectual women who have been tossed and tortured in their unbearable lives and experiences in the increasing interpretation of the female characterization of this novel The Bell Jar (1963), inadequate critical concern has been shown to reveal the distorted power mechanism and power institutionalism implied in the contextualization of the gloomy social and cultural disciplines effective in the despotic disturbance and interference of the actions and thoughts of most intellectual women and non-intellectual women in 1950s in American society and American culture as indicated in the very ingenuous and insightful production of this novel extremely valuable for the adequate clarification of the executive essence of those hegemonic and demonic disciplines. For the sake of the ideological and epistemological essence of this disciplinary confinement and enslavement engendered in the vicious and malicious disciplines implemented in the entire society where Sylvia Plath has lived, this paper aims to uncover the quite malicious distortion of Foucauldian panopticism implemented in the formation and reformation of the power mechanism and power institutionalism implemented to persecute intellectual women and non-intellectual women as what has been insinuated into the ideological and epistemological veins of this novel according to the surveillance, inspection, and, supervision of this Foucauldian panopticism to have a good access to the true reasons of the suicidal tragedies and tragic traumas of Esther Greenhood who has been caught in the fatal threat of this power mechanism and power institutionalism witnessed in the ideological and epistemological stupefaction and sterilization of those intellectual women and non-intellectual women whose efforts have turned out to be futile when their entire lives and lots have been captured by the demonic dominator or governor of American society and American culture at that time.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133146447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the Maritime Bureau and Seafarers Policy Division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism have been working to promote gender equality in the seafarer industry. Moreover, in 2017, the “Committee on the Promotion of Female Seafarers’ Activities from a Female Experts’ Perspective” was launched to discuss the issue. I participated in this committee as one of three academic experts. The committee has reported that the percentage of female seafarers in the Japanese shipping industry is only 2%, and less than 10% of shipping companies have shown a positive attitude toward the employment of female seafarers, indicating that the employment of female seafarers is not being promoted. The purpose of this study is to train female students in maritime colleges to be able to work as seafarers with leadership skills in the future using “masculinity” as a keyword.
{"title":"Educating Future Female Seafarers in the Maritime College from the Perspective of Masculinity","authors":"Yoriko Ishida","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v3n4p51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v3n4p51","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Maritime Bureau and Seafarers Policy Division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism have been working to promote gender equality in the seafarer industry. Moreover, in 2017, the “Committee on the Promotion of Female Seafarers’ Activities from a Female Experts’ Perspective” was launched to discuss the issue. I participated in this committee as one of three academic experts. The committee has reported that the percentage of female seafarers in the Japanese shipping industry is only 2%, and less than 10% of shipping companies have shown a positive attitude toward the employment of female seafarers, indicating that the employment of female seafarers is not being promoted. The purpose of this study is to train female students in maritime colleges to be able to work as seafarers with leadership skills in the future using “masculinity” as a keyword.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123907852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of language service industry and artificial intelligence technology, machine translation plays a more prominent role in the translation industry. Human-computer interaction translation greatly improves the speed and quality of translation, and pre-translation editing and post-translation editing are two important links and manifestations in human-computer interaction collaborative translation. On the basis of summarizing machine translation problems, this paper proposes translation strategies including replacing well-translated terms in advance, rewriting, addition, omission, and shift via pre-editing and post-editing, which greatly improves the quality of machine translation.
{"title":"On the Translation Strategies of Human-computer Interaction Based on Machine Translation","authors":"Qin Fangfang, Xiang Xiaomei","doi":"10.22158/elsr.v3n4p43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v3n4p43","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of language service industry and artificial intelligence technology, machine translation plays a more prominent role in the translation industry. Human-computer interaction translation greatly improves the speed and quality of translation, and pre-translation editing and post-translation editing are two important links and manifestations in human-computer interaction collaborative translation. On the basis of summarizing machine translation problems, this paper proposes translation strategies including replacing well-translated terms in advance, rewriting, addition, omission, and shift via pre-editing and post-editing, which greatly improves the quality of machine translation.","PeriodicalId":440676,"journal":{"name":"Education, Language and Sociology Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129121486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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