Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670502
Pınar Aykaç
ABSTRACT The debates over contemporary restoration practices in Turkey have become heated in recent years especially after the reopening of the Hagia Sophias in İznik and Trabzon as mosques. Iconic Byzantine churches that functioned as mosques in the Ottoman period, these monuments had been functioning as museums for decades following the museumification of Istanbul’s famous Hagia Sophia. Meanwhile, Hagia Sophia in Vize has already been reopened as a mosque without receiving much attention. The repeated statements of Turkish authorities expressing their wish to see Istanbul’s famous Hagia Sophia function as a mosque raise further concerns. While Turkish authorities try to justify these transformations through the ownership rights of pious endowments and religious freedom, the multi-layered identity of these monuments and their symbolic associations for different groups are commonly ignored. This paper focuses on the recent transformations of four Hagia Sophias in Turkey, which are regarded as ideological battlegrounds by Turkish authorities. Challenging the most symbolic achievements of the secular Republic, the concept of “restoration” is not only used as an instrument to glorify the Ottoman pasts of these monuments but also suppress their Byzantine and Republican pasts. This paper aims to open up a debate on how to intervene in the past, as well as its limits and effects, through the recent histories of four Hagia Sophias.
{"title":"Contesting the Byzantine Past: Four Hagia Sophias as Ideological Battlegrounds of Architectural Conservation in Turkey","authors":"Pınar Aykaç","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The debates over contemporary restoration practices in Turkey have become heated in recent years especially after the reopening of the Hagia Sophias in İznik and Trabzon as mosques. Iconic Byzantine churches that functioned as mosques in the Ottoman period, these monuments had been functioning as museums for decades following the museumification of Istanbul’s famous Hagia Sophia. Meanwhile, Hagia Sophia in Vize has already been reopened as a mosque without receiving much attention. The repeated statements of Turkish authorities expressing their wish to see Istanbul’s famous Hagia Sophia function as a mosque raise further concerns. While Turkish authorities try to justify these transformations through the ownership rights of pious endowments and religious freedom, the multi-layered identity of these monuments and their symbolic associations for different groups are commonly ignored. This paper focuses on the recent transformations of four Hagia Sophias in Turkey, which are regarded as ideological battlegrounds by Turkish authorities. Challenging the most symbolic achievements of the secular Republic, the concept of “restoration” is not only used as an instrument to glorify the Ottoman pasts of these monuments but also suppress their Byzantine and Republican pasts. This paper aims to open up a debate on how to intervene in the past, as well as its limits and effects, through the recent histories of four Hagia Sophias.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"151 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46154982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1583805
Naimeh Rezaei, Mahsa Rasouli, Bahareh Azhdari
ABSTRACT In the early 2000s, a wave of restoration and reuse of historic buildings began in some of Iran’s tourist cities. The aim of these reuse projects, performed by both the private and public sectors, is to transform these buildings into places for tourist, catering, cultural and residential use. A similar trend started in Tehran a few years ago, with the historic buildings mostly located on the central streets or in old neighborhoods being transformed into cafés, galleries, and cultural centers, etc. However, due to the newness of this issue, little research has been conducted on the effects of these changes on the adjacent urban fabric and the lives of local residents. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effects of the adaptive reuse of three historic buildings from the viewpoint of local residents. These buildings are located in different parts of the Oudladjan neighborhood in the historical center of Tehran. Data about the selected cases were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews. A total of 40 individuals were interviewed. In addition to the residents, seven in-depth interviews were conducted with experts from the Heritage Organisation, municipality, and with academics. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this qualitative study show that these reuses have not had any significant positive effect on the life of residents or the regeneration of the neighborhood. The most important reasons for this are: the adoption of a non-participatory, top-down approach, disregarding the needs and priorities of the local citizens, and disregarding the existing context by the authorities.
{"title":"The Attitude of the Local Community to the Impact of Building Reuse: Three Cases in an Old Neighborhood of Tehran","authors":"Naimeh Rezaei, Mahsa Rasouli, Bahareh Azhdari","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1583805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1583805","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the early 2000s, a wave of restoration and reuse of historic buildings began in some of Iran’s tourist cities. The aim of these reuse projects, performed by both the private and public sectors, is to transform these buildings into places for tourist, catering, cultural and residential use. A similar trend started in Tehran a few years ago, with the historic buildings mostly located on the central streets or in old neighborhoods being transformed into cafés, galleries, and cultural centers, etc. However, due to the newness of this issue, little research has been conducted on the effects of these changes on the adjacent urban fabric and the lives of local residents. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effects of the adaptive reuse of three historic buildings from the viewpoint of local residents. These buildings are located in different parts of the Oudladjan neighborhood in the historical center of Tehran. Data about the selected cases were collected through observations and semi-structured interviews. A total of 40 individuals were interviewed. In addition to the residents, seven in-depth interviews were conducted with experts from the Heritage Organisation, municipality, and with academics. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this qualitative study show that these reuses have not had any significant positive effect on the life of residents or the regeneration of the neighborhood. The most important reasons for this are: the adoption of a non-participatory, top-down approach, disregarding the needs and priorities of the local citizens, and disregarding the existing context by the authorities.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"105 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1583805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45493268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1584440
B. Newsom
We Come for Good is an engaging book focused on the diverse and nuanced operations of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) at the Seminole Tribe of Florida. Emerging from a session at the...
{"title":"We come for good: archaeology and tribal historic preservation at the Seminole tribe of Florida","authors":"B. Newsom","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1584440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1584440","url":null,"abstract":"We Come for Good is an engaging book focused on the diverse and nuanced operations of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) at the Seminole Tribe of Florida. Emerging from a session at the...","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"181 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1584440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44139608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670534
Rodrigo Delso, A. Amann, Federico Soriano
ABSTRACT The Valley of the Fallen is the largest fascist monument constructed during Franco's regime. It comprises the largest Civil War cemetery; the corpses of Franco and Primo de Rivera; the tallest Christian cross in the world; a basilica carved out in the mountain; a Benedictine monastery and a 1000 hectares man-made forest. While the Valley’s symbolic conflict in contemporary Spain has been studied extensively, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the monument’s architecture and landscape, and the intentions of its creators. This article shows how every material object in the Valley was created to reinforce the narrative of the “new order.” The location, in the middle of the “royal route,” links Franco’s rule to the history of the Spanish Empire. The structure, calculated to last more than 1000 years, comprises a timeless architecture able to outlive the regime. The carved basilica, filled with thousands of corpses, introduces eternal time. These elements are just some examples of how the promoters of the Valley of the Fallen used time as a design tool in the creation of a site that acts as a totalitarian micro-cosmos of the regime’s ideology. Current debates about the resignification of the Valley and other recent-past monuments could benefit from understanding how the different temporal layers introduced during its creation play an active role in the monument’s meaning over time. Ultimately, the article shows how time could be used to create absolutist designs where their symbolic transformation needs to come together with a material one.
{"title":"Time, Architecture and Domination: The Valley of the Fallen","authors":"Rodrigo Delso, A. Amann, Federico Soriano","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670534","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Valley of the Fallen is the largest fascist monument constructed during Franco's regime. It comprises the largest Civil War cemetery; the corpses of Franco and Primo de Rivera; the tallest Christian cross in the world; a basilica carved out in the mountain; a Benedictine monastery and a 1000 hectares man-made forest. While the Valley’s symbolic conflict in contemporary Spain has been studied extensively, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the monument’s architecture and landscape, and the intentions of its creators. This article shows how every material object in the Valley was created to reinforce the narrative of the “new order.” The location, in the middle of the “royal route,” links Franco’s rule to the history of the Spanish Empire. The structure, calculated to last more than 1000 years, comprises a timeless architecture able to outlive the regime. The carved basilica, filled with thousands of corpses, introduces eternal time. These elements are just some examples of how the promoters of the Valley of the Fallen used time as a design tool in the creation of a site that acts as a totalitarian micro-cosmos of the regime’s ideology. Current debates about the resignification of the Valley and other recent-past monuments could benefit from understanding how the different temporal layers introduced during its creation play an active role in the monument’s meaning over time. Ultimately, the article shows how time could be used to create absolutist designs where their symbolic transformation needs to come together with a material one.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"126 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1670534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032x.2018.1501224
Michael Turner
{"title":"Topographies of memories – a new poetics of commemoration","authors":"Michael Turner","doi":"10.1080/2159032x.2018.1501224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032x.2018.1501224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"76 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032x.2018.1501224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47759052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1576428
I. Eliasson, I. Knez, S. Fredholm
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of cultural ecosystem services in heritage planning by examining daily working processes at the municipal and county planning levels. The focus was on the cultural ecosystem service dimensions of cultural heritage, place identity, and aesthetic and existential values. Cultural ecosystem service dimensions are currently inadequately represented in research and application of the ecosystem service concept. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with public officials with formal assignments directly related to heritage planning. The results show that cultural ecosystem services are indeed considered in the planning processes, even though the respondents did not actually use the ecosystem service approach. Despite institutional and methodological constraints, respondents were found to aim for a broad planning approach involving dimensions of the landscape such as historic time depth, human use of the landscape, place identity, landscape views, and a strong integration between culture and nature. Thus, the results indicate a potential for integration of cultural ecosystem service dimensions into the ecosystem service approach by utilizing existing knowledge and practices within heritage planning at the local and regional levels.
{"title":"Heritage Planning in Practice and the Role of Cultural Ecosystem Services","authors":"I. Eliasson, I. Knez, S. Fredholm","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1576428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1576428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of cultural ecosystem services in heritage planning by examining daily working processes at the municipal and county planning levels. The focus was on the cultural ecosystem service dimensions of cultural heritage, place identity, and aesthetic and existential values. Cultural ecosystem service dimensions are currently inadequately represented in research and application of the ecosystem service concept. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with public officials with formal assignments directly related to heritage planning. The results show that cultural ecosystem services are indeed considered in the planning processes, even though the respondents did not actually use the ecosystem service approach. Despite institutional and methodological constraints, respondents were found to aim for a broad planning approach involving dimensions of the landscape such as historic time depth, human use of the landscape, place identity, landscape views, and a strong integration between culture and nature. Thus, the results indicate a potential for integration of cultural ecosystem service dimensions into the ecosystem service approach by utilizing existing knowledge and practices within heritage planning at the local and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"44 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1576428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48842584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2018.1553425
Ragnhild Skogheim, V. Simon, Lei Gao, Annegreth Dietze-Schirdewahn
ABSTRACT This article examines local residents’ identity with historic landscapes through the case study of the Austrått landscape in Norway, where cultural and natural heritage are under pressure from increasing local development. In order to understand what the place means to local residents, i.e., how local residents perceive the landscape and how they attach themselves to the landscape, the theory of place identity was applied, which has two dimensions: identity with the place and identity of the place. Local residents were approached by interviewing local farm owners, and by holding a workshop with local interest groups. The findings indicate that local residents have a good understanding of what constitute the qualities and values of the historic landscape; they have a deep attachment to the place, mainly through activities and frequent use, and they expressed a wish to have balance between preserving the past and developing the future. The conclusion argues that, when overseeing a historic landscape that also has a close relationship with local residents, it is crucial to involve these people at all stages of the process, from knowledge generation and evaluation to planning and management. Having local residents actively involved can help ensure the lasting integrity of the qualities and values of historic landscapes, and sustain local residents’ identity with the place.
{"title":"Place Identity with a Historic Landscape – An Interview-Based Case Study of Local Residents’ Relationship with the Austrått Landscape in Norway","authors":"Ragnhild Skogheim, V. Simon, Lei Gao, Annegreth Dietze-Schirdewahn","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2018.1553425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2018.1553425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines local residents’ identity with historic landscapes through the case study of the Austrått landscape in Norway, where cultural and natural heritage are under pressure from increasing local development. In order to understand what the place means to local residents, i.e., how local residents perceive the landscape and how they attach themselves to the landscape, the theory of place identity was applied, which has two dimensions: identity with the place and identity of the place. Local residents were approached by interviewing local farm owners, and by holding a workshop with local interest groups. The findings indicate that local residents have a good understanding of what constitute the qualities and values of the historic landscape; they have a deep attachment to the place, mainly through activities and frequent use, and they expressed a wish to have balance between preserving the past and developing the future. The conclusion argues that, when overseeing a historic landscape that also has a close relationship with local residents, it is crucial to involve these people at all stages of the process, from knowledge generation and evaluation to planning and management. Having local residents actively involved can help ensure the lasting integrity of the qualities and values of historic landscapes, and sustain local residents’ identity with the place.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2018.1553425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44460322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1567047
V. Joseph
“Sir, why did you shoot me?” asked the unarmed Black Miami-based behavioral therapist to the white police officer (Rabin 2016). Prior to the officer firing his gun, the therapist, while lying in a supine position on the street with arms outstretched over his head, called out to the officer that he was on duty, attempting to deal with a problematic group home resident. After this urgent and ultimately fruitless effort to prevent what he – and any Black man in a tense encounter with law enforcement – would suspect was a probable outcome, the therapist reported that the officer gave a seemingly honest and deceptively profound answer: “I don’t know.” I considered this 2016 incident as I read Joyce E. King and Ellen E. Swartz’s Heritage Knowledge in the Curriculum: Retrieving an African Episteme, an edited volume of chapters written by King or Swartz, except for the co-authored introduction and a chapter by King and Hassimi O. Maïga. [Also included are the forward by Gloria Gladson-Billings and the “afterword” by Vera L. Nobles and Wade W. Nobles]. In the telling episode described above, the therapist consciously understood what the officer did not, which is that the United States’ racial epistemology instructs that an unarmed and indisputably innocent Black man is not protected from the threat or the reality of police violence. While there is no proof of any racist intent on the part of the officer, it is true that this country confers differential benefit and harm on a raced population. Racism orders and shapes institutions, assumptions, beliefs, biases and actions – even ones of which the subject(s) may have no knowledge, including the white police officer cited above. Suppose there existed another system of knowledge in which the therapist and the officer had a different understanding of what was happening on that Miami street? King et al., offer a skillful description and explication of the African heritage knowledge that the PK-12 curriculum distorted, buried or destroyed to devastating effect for all students, but particularly Black students. For the authors, restoring and “re-membering” African epistemology refers not only to their reclamation of African heritage knowledge but the offering up of historical and social counternarratives that provide educational liberation for children, even those who not Black. This volume reveals and elevates African heritage knowledge as a foundation for an imagining of a K-12 curriculum which is
{"title":"Heritage Knowledge in the Curriculum: Retrieving an African Episteme","authors":"V. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1567047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1567047","url":null,"abstract":"“Sir, why did you shoot me?” asked the unarmed Black Miami-based behavioral therapist to the white police officer (Rabin 2016). Prior to the officer firing his gun, the therapist, while lying in a supine position on the street with arms outstretched over his head, called out to the officer that he was on duty, attempting to deal with a problematic group home resident. After this urgent and ultimately fruitless effort to prevent what he – and any Black man in a tense encounter with law enforcement – would suspect was a probable outcome, the therapist reported that the officer gave a seemingly honest and deceptively profound answer: “I don’t know.” I considered this 2016 incident as I read Joyce E. King and Ellen E. Swartz’s Heritage Knowledge in the Curriculum: Retrieving an African Episteme, an edited volume of chapters written by King or Swartz, except for the co-authored introduction and a chapter by King and Hassimi O. Maïga. [Also included are the forward by Gloria Gladson-Billings and the “afterword” by Vera L. Nobles and Wade W. Nobles]. In the telling episode described above, the therapist consciously understood what the officer did not, which is that the United States’ racial epistemology instructs that an unarmed and indisputably innocent Black man is not protected from the threat or the reality of police violence. While there is no proof of any racist intent on the part of the officer, it is true that this country confers differential benefit and harm on a raced population. Racism orders and shapes institutions, assumptions, beliefs, biases and actions – even ones of which the subject(s) may have no knowledge, including the white police officer cited above. Suppose there existed another system of knowledge in which the therapist and the officer had a different understanding of what was happening on that Miami street? King et al., offer a skillful description and explication of the African heritage knowledge that the PK-12 curriculum distorted, buried or destroyed to devastating effect for all students, but particularly Black students. For the authors, restoring and “re-membering” African epistemology refers not only to their reclamation of African heritage knowledge but the offering up of historical and social counternarratives that provide educational liberation for children, even those who not Black. This volume reveals and elevates African heritage knowledge as a foundation for an imagining of a K-12 curriculum which is","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"70 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2019.1631616
Steve Brown
ABSTRACT The Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes that took place at La Petite Pierre, France, in October 1992 was a pivotal or key moment in global heritage practice. The meeting is highly regarded by heritage practitioners for having fashioned a document defining cultural landscapes in relation to Article 1 of the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Six weeks later the document was adopted at the 16th meeting of the World Heritage Committee. This paper traces how the La Petite Pierre meeting was the culmination of two intersecting historical trajectories: the first a narrative concerning the complex deliberations of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee between 1984 and 1992; and the second a lesser-known story linked to the work of a small, determined group of networked individuals allied via the ICOMOS UK Landscape Working Group established in 1990. Drawing on oral testimony and archival sources, the leading role of selected Working Group members in the construction of the report on cultural landscapes prepared at La Petite Pierre is examined. In addition, the concepts and terminology used to define categories of cultural landscape are explored to illustrate both novel and conservative aspects of the work of the meeting. The paper concludes with the suggestion that these categories, which have been retained unchanged in UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines from 1992, warrant review and amendment.
{"title":"World Heritage and Cultural Landscapes: An Account of the 1992 La Petite Pierre Meeting","authors":"Steve Brown","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2019.1631616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1631616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes that took place at La Petite Pierre, France, in October 1992 was a pivotal or key moment in global heritage practice. The meeting is highly regarded by heritage practitioners for having fashioned a document defining cultural landscapes in relation to Article 1 of the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Six weeks later the document was adopted at the 16th meeting of the World Heritage Committee. This paper traces how the La Petite Pierre meeting was the culmination of two intersecting historical trajectories: the first a narrative concerning the complex deliberations of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee between 1984 and 1992; and the second a lesser-known story linked to the work of a small, determined group of networked individuals allied via the ICOMOS UK Landscape Working Group established in 1990. Drawing on oral testimony and archival sources, the leading role of selected Working Group members in the construction of the report on cultural landscapes prepared at La Petite Pierre is examined. In addition, the concepts and terminology used to define categories of cultural landscape are explored to illustrate both novel and conservative aspects of the work of the meeting. The paper concludes with the suggestion that these categories, which have been retained unchanged in UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines from 1992, warrant review and amendment.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"19 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2019.1631616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42133090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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