Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1934639
Naimeh Rezaei, Gelareh Alborzi, Leila Alilou
ABSTRACT After a long period of decline and deterioration, conservation efforts over the last two decades, influenced by global trends, are revitalizing some of the historic centers in Iranian cities. In a country-wide first, old abandoned houses in the historic core of Kashan have gradually become attractive to private investors and transformed into tourist spaces, generally boutique hotels. This paper investigates the impacts of these private investments on the surrounding neighborhoods by analyzing the attitudes and perceptions of local community members toward these transformations. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 35 participants including residents, shopkeepers and local visitors, in 2018–2019. The findings of this study illustrate the positive attitude of local people towards conservation and adaptive reuse projects, although some residents noted problems resulting from the implementation of these projects. The results indicated that it is necessary for urban authorities to take measures to mitigate the impacts of the tourism gentrification process and to maintain the neighborhood’s long-term residents.
{"title":"Transformation of Historic Neighborhoods: How Tourism Is Changing the Historic Center of Kashan, Iran","authors":"Naimeh Rezaei, Gelareh Alborzi, Leila Alilou","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1934639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1934639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After a long period of decline and deterioration, conservation efforts over the last two decades, influenced by global trends, are revitalizing some of the historic centers in Iranian cities. In a country-wide first, old abandoned houses in the historic core of Kashan have gradually become attractive to private investors and transformed into tourist spaces, generally boutique hotels. This paper investigates the impacts of these private investments on the surrounding neighborhoods by analyzing the attitudes and perceptions of local community members toward these transformations. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 35 participants including residents, shopkeepers and local visitors, in 2018–2019. The findings of this study illustrate the positive attitude of local people towards conservation and adaptive reuse projects, although some residents noted problems resulting from the implementation of these projects. The results indicated that it is necessary for urban authorities to take measures to mitigate the impacts of the tourism gentrification process and to maintain the neighborhood’s long-term residents.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"6 3","pages":"176 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1934639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41300218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1909416
Alberto Frigerio
ABSTRACT The statues of Stalin can be inscribed in the controversial category of contested cultural heritage: they are simultaneously important resources of historical memory that celebrate the “man who defeated Nazism” as well as inconvenient symbols of a totalitarian leader who executed millions of people. In post-Soviet countries these statues have received drastically diverse treatments: a few have been preserved in situ, many have been toppled down, some have been removed from public accession, while others have been relocated in parks and museums. Still, identifying and enforcing an appropriate method of management for these statues remains a thorny issue. By critically analysing the cases of Asht (Tajikistan), Gori (Georgia), and Grūtas Park (Lithuania), this article provides some preliminary reflections on the complex dilemmas associated with the management of contested cultural heritage.
{"title":"The Fate of Statues of Stalin in post-Soviet Countries: Some Critical Reflections on the Management of Contested Cultural Heritage","authors":"Alberto Frigerio","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1909416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1909416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The statues of Stalin can be inscribed in the controversial category of contested cultural heritage: they are simultaneously important resources of historical memory that celebrate the “man who defeated Nazism” as well as inconvenient symbols of a totalitarian leader who executed millions of people. In post-Soviet countries these statues have received drastically diverse treatments: a few have been preserved in situ, many have been toppled down, some have been removed from public accession, while others have been relocated in parks and museums. Still, identifying and enforcing an appropriate method of management for these statues remains a thorny issue. By critically analysing the cases of Asht (Tajikistan), Gori (Georgia), and Grūtas Park (Lithuania), this article provides some preliminary reflections on the complex dilemmas associated with the management of contested cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"136 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1909416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1879355
A. Elshater
ABSTRACT This article investigates the predicament of the presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) near sites that have significant historical value. Particularly at the Aqueduct of Cairo, Egypt, established in AD 1176, this scene materializes as a result of facultative choices of IDPs or a group that decision-makers have forcibly displaced to save lives. The work advances development of a design-based approach to overcoming the predicament of this crucial relationship, following an argumentative review of heritage conservation policies in historical sites that host IDPs. To develop this approach, an ex post facto study of the site of the Aqueduct was conducted using two methods. The first is a qualitative approach, through interviews with experts who have participated in similar projects, to rank the design qualities of the proposed approach. The interview extended to 12 elderly people living on the site who described the urban changes. The second method is a cartography investigation, using morphological analysis to ground the precedence of design factors that reveal transformations made by diverse groups of citizens in five districts established in different periods, alongside this aqueduct. The results show the relevance of ranking these design factors, induced from theories such as place theory and the right to heritage. The case study demonstrates that users’ participation in the decision-making process should increase. The conclusion articulates the spatial configuration of historical monuments in their context, with a deep awareness of procedures, agents, and beneficiaries.
{"title":"The Predicament of Post-Displacement Amidst Historical Sites: A Design-based Correlation Between People and Place","authors":"A. Elshater","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1879355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1879355","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the predicament of the presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) near sites that have significant historical value. Particularly at the Aqueduct of Cairo, Egypt, established in AD 1176, this scene materializes as a result of facultative choices of IDPs or a group that decision-makers have forcibly displaced to save lives. The work advances development of a design-based approach to overcoming the predicament of this crucial relationship, following an argumentative review of heritage conservation policies in historical sites that host IDPs. To develop this approach, an ex post facto study of the site of the Aqueduct was conducted using two methods. The first is a qualitative approach, through interviews with experts who have participated in similar projects, to rank the design qualities of the proposed approach. The interview extended to 12 elderly people living on the site who described the urban changes. The second method is a cartography investigation, using morphological analysis to ground the precedence of design factors that reveal transformations made by diverse groups of citizens in five districts established in different periods, alongside this aqueduct. The results show the relevance of ranking these design factors, induced from theories such as place theory and the right to heritage. The case study demonstrates that users’ participation in the decision-making process should increase. The conclusion articulates the spatial configuration of historical monuments in their context, with a deep awareness of procedures, agents, and beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"85 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1879355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49359371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2020.1826686
Edmund Edwards McKinnon
Candi Singosari adalah salah satu situs peninggalan dari Kerajaan Singosari di Jawa Timur. Warisan kerajaan klasik inilah yang mendorong saya dan keluarga untuk mengunjunginya pada 2012. Lalu pada 2017, kami berkesempatan mengunjungi museum Volkenkunde di Leiden, Belanda. Menariknya, objek yang pertama menyambut kami di sayap koleksi Indonesia adalah beberapa arca dari candi Singosari, seperti arca Ganesha, Bhairava, dan Durga yang sedang melawan iblis. Saat itu kami bertanya-tanya, bagaimana objek-objek ini hadir di museum di Belanda, sedangkan situs candi dimana arca-arca ini berasal terletak di Jawa Timur. Jadi siapa yang sebenarnya berhak memiliki objek-objek peninggalan ini? Ketika itu kami menduga hal ini ada kaitannya dengan penjajahan Belanda, tetapi kami tidak yakin bagaimana prosesnya. Tiga tahun setelah itu, saya akhirnya memahami apa yang terjadi dengan objek-objek Candi Singosari melalui buku luar biasa yang ditulis oleh Marieke Bloembergen dan Martijn Eickhoff – The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia: A Cultural History
{"title":"The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia: a cultural history (Asian Connections)","authors":"Edmund Edwards McKinnon","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2020.1826686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2020.1826686","url":null,"abstract":"Candi Singosari adalah salah satu situs peninggalan dari Kerajaan Singosari di Jawa Timur. Warisan kerajaan klasik inilah yang mendorong saya dan keluarga untuk mengunjunginya pada 2012. Lalu pada 2017, kami berkesempatan mengunjungi museum Volkenkunde di Leiden, Belanda. Menariknya, objek yang pertama menyambut kami di sayap koleksi Indonesia adalah beberapa arca dari candi Singosari, seperti arca Ganesha, Bhairava, dan Durga yang sedang melawan iblis. Saat itu kami bertanya-tanya, bagaimana objek-objek ini hadir di museum di Belanda, sedangkan situs candi dimana arca-arca ini berasal terletak di Jawa Timur. Jadi siapa yang sebenarnya berhak memiliki objek-objek peninggalan ini? Ketika itu kami menduga hal ini ada kaitannya dengan penjajahan Belanda, tetapi kami tidak yakin bagaimana prosesnya. Tiga tahun setelah itu, saya akhirnya memahami apa yang terjadi dengan objek-objek Candi Singosari melalui buku luar biasa yang ditulis oleh Marieke Bloembergen dan Martijn Eickhoff – The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia: A Cultural History","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"212 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2020.1826686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1883950
M. Alivizatou
ABSTRACT The paper draws on debates about digital heritage and further examines the implications in terms of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. Taking i-Treasures, an EU-funded FP7 collaborative research project, as a case in point, it investigates ways in which new information and communication technologies have been used to serve heritage documentation and learning. The main argument unfolds along the themes of inventories, virtual learning and community participation. First, the paper looks at the concept of inventorying by examining digital repositories of cultural expressions and how they ascribe meaning and value to intangible heritage. It then explores how documentation recordings and data are used in virtual learning environments and create online engagements with heritage expressions. The third part examines how digital technologies inform relations between communities and intangible heritage. What are the implications in terms of access and participation to the heritage experience and how does this affect the uses and meanings of intangible heritage by (local and virtual) practicing communities and heritage professionals? By focusing on the i-Treasures web platform, the paper aims to raise questions about how intangible heritage is defined and performed digitally and how this relates to issues of participation in the safeguarding process.
{"title":"Digital Intangible Heritage: Inventories, Virtual Learning and Participation","authors":"M. Alivizatou","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1883950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1883950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper draws on debates about digital heritage and further examines the implications in terms of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. Taking i-Treasures, an EU-funded FP7 collaborative research project, as a case in point, it investigates ways in which new information and communication technologies have been used to serve heritage documentation and learning. The main argument unfolds along the themes of inventories, virtual learning and community participation. First, the paper looks at the concept of inventorying by examining digital repositories of cultural expressions and how they ascribe meaning and value to intangible heritage. It then explores how documentation recordings and data are used in virtual learning environments and create online engagements with heritage expressions. The third part examines how digital technologies inform relations between communities and intangible heritage. What are the implications in terms of access and participation to the heritage experience and how does this affect the uses and meanings of intangible heritage by (local and virtual) practicing communities and heritage professionals? By focusing on the i-Treasures web platform, the paper aims to raise questions about how intangible heritage is defined and performed digitally and how this relates to issues of participation in the safeguarding process.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"116 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1883950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2020.1805191
J. Mataga
What immediately catches one's attention on picking up this book is its title – Managing Heritage in Africa. Its second part asks – Who cares? The question, provocative and apt, immediately prompts...
{"title":"Managing Heritage in Africa","authors":"J. Mataga","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2020.1805191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2020.1805191","url":null,"abstract":"What immediately catches one's attention on picking up this book is its title – Managing Heritage in Africa. Its second part asks – Who cares? The question, provocative and apt, immediately prompts...","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"208 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2020.1805191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032x.2020.1731188
Shawn P. Lambert
Public Engagement and Education: Developing and Fostering Stewardship for an Archaeological Future is a welcome addition to the literature concerning public/community archaeology within the United ...
公众参与和教育：发展和培养对考古未来的管理是对美国公共/社区考古文献的一个受欢迎的补充。。。
{"title":"Public engagement and education: developing and fostering stewardship for an archaeological future","authors":"Shawn P. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/2159032x.2020.1731188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032x.2020.1731188","url":null,"abstract":"Public Engagement and Education: Developing and Fostering Stewardship for an Archaeological Future is a welcome addition to the literature concerning public/community archaeology within the United ...","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"78 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032x.2020.1731188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032x.2020.1715578
Rachel Tough
{"title":"Mobilizing Heritage: Anthropological Practice and Transnational Prospects","authors":"Rachel Tough","doi":"10.1080/2159032x.2020.1715578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032x.2020.1715578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"76 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032x.2020.1715578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878989
Najmeh H. Viki, Howayda Al-Harithy
ABSTRACT Scholars have argued that the annex of several villages has formed the current urban fabric of the metropolis of Tehran since becoming the capital in 1785. Three primary historic nuclei of Ray, the city center, and Tajrish have chronologically configured the growth and urbanization pattern of the city. The historic nuclei are the main identity generators and constitute the urban narrative of the metropolis of Tehran. In the process of the urbanization of Tehran, three political power shifts have affected the cultural heritage layers of the historic nuclei. The governing states have transformed Tehran village into a metropolis and in the process eradicated the rich layers of cultural heritage. The transformation of the village of Tehran to the metropolis has not been critically examined from a cultural heritage perspective. This paper investigates the urbanization process of the metropolis of Tehran through three historic nuclei as sites of cultural heritage and examines how cultural heritage was interpreted by the state and implemented into the different urban planning and policy-making practices.
{"title":"Urbanization Through a Cultural Heritage Lens: The Case of Tehran (1785–2017)","authors":"Najmeh H. Viki, Howayda Al-Harithy","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars have argued that the annex of several villages has formed the current urban fabric of the metropolis of Tehran since becoming the capital in 1785. Three primary historic nuclei of Ray, the city center, and Tajrish have chronologically configured the growth and urbanization pattern of the city. The historic nuclei are the main identity generators and constitute the urban narrative of the metropolis of Tehran. In the process of the urbanization of Tehran, three political power shifts have affected the cultural heritage layers of the historic nuclei. The governing states have transformed Tehran village into a metropolis and in the process eradicated the rich layers of cultural heritage. The transformation of the village of Tehran to the metropolis has not been critically examined from a cultural heritage perspective. This paper investigates the urbanization process of the metropolis of Tehran through three historic nuclei as sites of cultural heritage and examines how cultural heritage was interpreted by the state and implemented into the different urban planning and policy-making practices.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"57 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878990
B. Bucher, A. Kolbitsch
ABSTRACT Built heritage forms a vital part of many cities’ building stock. It consists of historic buildings that are conserved for future generations because they are attributed with value. Despite this ascribed value, the conservation of heritage in an urban setting can create conflict with a city’s demands to develop. This paper first reviews the understanding of value within the heritage discourse and discusses extrinsic and intrinsic definitions. Then, using Vienna as an example, a Qualitative Content Analysis of texts from the disciplines of conservation, the law, building standards and city planning was undertaken. These texts form the basis for the city’s heritage policy, but as they are not harmonized, potential areas of conflict can arise. The findings show that the most striking difference lies in the definition of value, which some texts either define as being intrinsic or extrinsic. This difference in definition in the fundamental marker of heritage and the lack of coordination between various agents involved was identified as the main source of tension in Vienna’s heritage policy making. A unified, extrinsic definition of value would aid the efficient management of built heritage within an urban setting and allow for suitable development and maintenance of a historic city center as a sustainable living space.
{"title":"Coming to Terms with Value: Heritage Policy in Vienna","authors":"B. Bucher, A. Kolbitsch","doi":"10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Built heritage forms a vital part of many cities’ building stock. It consists of historic buildings that are conserved for future generations because they are attributed with value. Despite this ascribed value, the conservation of heritage in an urban setting can create conflict with a city’s demands to develop. This paper first reviews the understanding of value within the heritage discourse and discusses extrinsic and intrinsic definitions. Then, using Vienna as an example, a Qualitative Content Analysis of texts from the disciplines of conservation, the law, building standards and city planning was undertaken. These texts form the basis for the city’s heritage policy, but as they are not harmonized, potential areas of conflict can arise. The findings show that the most striking difference lies in the definition of value, which some texts either define as being intrinsic or extrinsic. This difference in definition in the fundamental marker of heritage and the lack of coordination between various agents involved was identified as the main source of tension in Vienna’s heritage policy making. A unified, extrinsic definition of value would aid the efficient management of built heritage within an urban setting and allow for suitable development and maintenance of a historic city center as a sustainable living space.","PeriodicalId":44088,"journal":{"name":"Heritage and Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"41 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2159032X.2021.1878990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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