Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2022.2060577
J. Flora
ABSTRACT Human and muskox lives in Northeast Greenland are entangled in movement. These movements are mutual; sometimes humans move muskoxen, and other times muskoxen move humans. Showing how the movements are both spatial and conceptual, the article explores four human-muskox movements. “Arrivals and Disappearances” concerns the disappearance of humans and arrival of muskoxen in Northeast Greenland in the nineteenth century. “Expansion” looks at the human exploration and mapping of Northeast Greenland by way of muskoxen. “Extinction” explores translocations of muskoxen owed to the perceived movement of muskox close to extinction. Finally, “Intrusions” looks at the mutual intrusions of Inuit and muskoxen across a legislative remove in Ittoqqortoormiit. These four human-muskox movements show how Northeast Greenland is brought into view as a world of movement.
{"title":"Muskox movements: human-animal entanglements in Northeast Greenland","authors":"J. Flora","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2022.2060577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2022.2060577","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Human and muskox lives in Northeast Greenland are entangled in movement. These movements are mutual; sometimes humans move muskoxen, and other times muskoxen move humans. Showing how the movements are both spatial and conceptual, the article explores four human-muskox movements. “Arrivals and Disappearances” concerns the disappearance of humans and arrival of muskoxen in Northeast Greenland in the nineteenth century. “Expansion” looks at the human exploration and mapping of Northeast Greenland by way of muskoxen. “Extinction” explores translocations of muskoxen owed to the perceived movement of muskox close to extinction. Finally, “Intrusions” looks at the mutual intrusions of Inuit and muskoxen across a legislative remove in Ittoqqortoormiit. These four human-muskox movements show how Northeast Greenland is brought into view as a world of movement.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42620998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2022.2060579
K. Hastrup
ABSTRACT This article follows the trail of muskoxen over many millennia and continents, focussing on their relations to humans – as their hunters and their protectors, itinerant partners and boundary makers. The human-animal histories referred to in the title began when the Pleistocene era was replaced by the Holocene and continued until the present. The article is not “historical” in the sense of being governed by a strict timeline, but the argument unfolds through topics of different historical origins, tracing particular themes. It starts with “origins” and the early loss of genetic variation, proceeds to early modern naturalist “discovery” and naming, and then onwards to early twentieth-century political skirmishes over territories and hunting rights, and finally to recent activities of muskox hunting. The story closes with a reflection on the poetics of the Muskox World.
{"title":"The muskox world: human-animal histories in the Arctic","authors":"K. Hastrup","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2022.2060579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2022.2060579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article follows the trail of muskoxen over many millennia and continents, focussing on their relations to humans – as their hunters and their protectors, itinerant partners and boundary makers. The human-animal histories referred to in the title began when the Pleistocene era was replaced by the Holocene and continued until the present. The article is not “historical” in the sense of being governed by a strict timeline, but the argument unfolds through topics of different historical origins, tracing particular themes. It starts with “origins” and the early loss of genetic variation, proceeds to early modern naturalist “discovery” and naming, and then onwards to early twentieth-century political skirmishes over territories and hunting rights, and finally to recent activities of muskox hunting. The story closes with a reflection on the poetics of the Muskox World.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45032786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1980686
K. Istomin
ABSTRACT The macro-level explanations for the massive outflux of the population from the Russian Arctic after 1991 mostly do not account for local differences in out-migration rates. At the same time, these differences can be exceptionally large. This paper uses ethnographic methods to explain significant differences in the rates of population outflux between the cities of Vorkuta and Ukhta, Komi Republic, Russia, which exist despite the very similar history and current social and macroeconomic situation of the two cities. The study indicates differences in attitudes to migration and in-migration strategies among the inhabitants of the two cities. It is suggested that the presence of a large group of inhabitants with the same geographic origin and the same solidarity-promoting occupation in Vorkuta, but not in Ukhta, in the late Soviet period can partly explain this difference. The migration of the members of this group back towards the region of their origin created a migration network with certain cultural norms and expectations related to it; thus, a certain culture of migration emerged. The study points to the potentially significant role of social and cultural factors in shaping the patterns of recent migrations from the Russian Arctic.
{"title":"“Who would want to lay down into the permafrost?”: an attempt to explain differences in migration rates, strategies and attitudes in two Russian northern cities","authors":"K. Istomin","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1980686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1980686","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The macro-level explanations for the massive outflux of the population from the Russian Arctic after 1991 mostly do not account for local differences in out-migration rates. At the same time, these differences can be exceptionally large. This paper uses ethnographic methods to explain significant differences in the rates of population outflux between the cities of Vorkuta and Ukhta, Komi Republic, Russia, which exist despite the very similar history and current social and macroeconomic situation of the two cities. The study indicates differences in attitudes to migration and in-migration strategies among the inhabitants of the two cities. It is suggested that the presence of a large group of inhabitants with the same geographic origin and the same solidarity-promoting occupation in Vorkuta, but not in Ukhta, in the late Soviet period can partly explain this difference. The migration of the members of this group back towards the region of their origin created a migration network with certain cultural norms and expectations related to it; thus, a certain culture of migration emerged. The study points to the potentially significant role of social and cultural factors in shaping the patterns of recent migrations from the Russian Arctic.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45670772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1987079
S. Nikonov, M. V. Tolkachev
ABSTRACT We examine the problem of the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula, who were in the dual tax jurisdiction of Denmark and the Russian state in the sixteenth – early seventeenth centuries. The origin of double taxation is associated with the unestablished borders in the Far North of Europe: each country considered Finnmark and the Kola Peninsula as part of its sphere of influence. We conclude that the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula was started in the second half of the sixteenth century as a consequence of the escalation of the conflict between the two states. Denmark and Russia used taxation as a means of fighting for disputed territories. In the 1590s, Denmark drove out Russian tax collectors from Finnmark. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Russian state took similar measures, prohibiting Danish tax collectors from entering the territory of the Kola district. Nevertheless, the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula with Danish and Russian tax persisted even after the introduction of a ban on entry into the disputed lands. This measure was a compromise, hindering the development of a possible military conflict with the Danish kingdom.
{"title":"Between Denmark and Moscovia: the Kola Sámi in the border conflict of the second half of the sixteenth – first quarter of the seventeenth century","authors":"S. Nikonov, M. V. Tolkachev","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1987079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1987079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examine the problem of the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula, who were in the dual tax jurisdiction of Denmark and the Russian state in the sixteenth – early seventeenth centuries. The origin of double taxation is associated with the unestablished borders in the Far North of Europe: each country considered Finnmark and the Kola Peninsula as part of its sphere of influence. We conclude that the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula was started in the second half of the sixteenth century as a consequence of the escalation of the conflict between the two states. Denmark and Russia used taxation as a means of fighting for disputed territories. In the 1590s, Denmark drove out Russian tax collectors from Finnmark. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Russian state took similar measures, prohibiting Danish tax collectors from entering the territory of the Kola district. Nevertheless, the double taxation of the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula with Danish and Russian tax persisted even after the introduction of a ban on entry into the disputed lands. This measure was a compromise, hindering the development of a possible military conflict with the Danish kingdom.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44360868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1982547
Astri Dankertsen, Elisabeth Pettersen, J. Otterlei
ABSTRACT Security is an issue often raised when discussing the Arctic, a region where international relations and tensions between the great powers of the past and present often are taken-for-granted as the traditional scope of dialog. We have chosen to focus on youth in Arctic Norway, their perceived notion of security in their everyday lives, and how this influences their perceived possibilities for the future. We combine human security and ontological security perspectives with the concept of imagined horizons to grasp the discrepancy that we find between how the Arctic is defined from an international relations perspective, and the Arctic that youth in northern Norway understand in their everyday lives. We base the analysis on qualitative interviews with youth of various ethnic backgrounds in the Arctic town Alta in Norway, where we have interviewed them about security, cultural differences, climate change and environmental issues in the Arctic.
{"title":"“If we want to have a good future, we need to do something about it”. Youth, security and imagined horizons in the intercultural Arctic Norway","authors":"Astri Dankertsen, Elisabeth Pettersen, J. Otterlei","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1982547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1982547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Security is an issue often raised when discussing the Arctic, a region where international relations and tensions between the great powers of the past and present often are taken-for-granted as the traditional scope of dialog. We have chosen to focus on youth in Arctic Norway, their perceived notion of security in their everyday lives, and how this influences their perceived possibilities for the future. We combine human security and ontological security perspectives with the concept of imagined horizons to grasp the discrepancy that we find between how the Arctic is defined from an international relations perspective, and the Arctic that youth in northern Norway understand in their everyday lives. We base the analysis on qualitative interviews with youth of various ethnic backgrounds in the Arctic town Alta in Norway, where we have interviewed them about security, cultural differences, climate change and environmental issues in the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1972265
M. Næss, Guro Lovise Hole Fisktjønmo, Bård‐Jørgen Bårdsen
ABSTRACT The Sami siida has been described as an organizational institution tailored to meet the dynamic demands of reindeer herding. Historically, it has been characterized as a relatively small group based on kinship. It was formed around a core sibling group and distinguished by a norm of equality where herding partners were equals regardless of social status. Moreover, it was informally led by a wealthy and skilfull person whose authority was primarily related to herding. One of the critical aspects of the siida was flexibility: composition and size changed according to the season, and members were free to join and leave the groups as they saw fit. This comparative study of the current status of the siida system in the Northern and Southern parts of Norway shows that the main difference between the historical representation of the siida system and today concerns a loss of flexibility. Only two herders reported to have changed summer and winter siida since 2000. Furthermore, while the siida continues to be family-based, leadership is becoming more formal. Nevertheless, decision-making continues to be influenced by concerns of equality.
{"title":"The Sami cooperative herding group: the siida system from past to present","authors":"M. Næss, Guro Lovise Hole Fisktjønmo, Bård‐Jørgen Bårdsen","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1972265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1972265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The Sami siida has been described as an organizational institution tailored to meet the dynamic demands of reindeer herding. Historically, it has been characterized as a relatively small group based on kinship. It was formed around a core sibling group and distinguished by a norm of equality where herding partners were equals regardless of social status. Moreover, it was informally led by a wealthy and skilfull person whose authority was primarily related to herding. One of the critical aspects of the siida was flexibility: composition and size changed according to the season, and members were free to join and leave the groups as they saw fit. This comparative study of the current status of the siida system in the Northern and Southern parts of Norway shows that the main difference between the historical representation of the siida system and today concerns a loss of flexibility. Only two herders reported to have changed summer and winter siida since 2000. Furthermore, while the siida continues to be family-based, leadership is becoming more formal. Nevertheless, decision-making continues to be influenced by concerns of equality.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48407533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1911201
F. Hiss, Anna Loppacher
ABSTRACT Linguistic and cultural diversity in Northern Norwegian working life has increased dramatically in the twenty-first century. Based on a series of telephone interviews with company representatives, this article presents an overview of the new multilingual reality in many workplaces and analyzes how managers and administrators position their expectations and experiences of it. Participants’ responses suggest that many workplaces are linguistically segregated. Though most participants said their companies did not have explicit workplace language policies, they expressed clear perceptions of how things should be in their workplaces, and these were often in conflict with their descriptions of the status quo. We also show how multiple contextual conditions in and out of workplaces, both ideological and practical, informed participants’ accounts of multilingual practices in their workplaces. Static and normative ideological positions are challenged by employees’ language choices, practices, and developments on a societal level, particularly those of the labour market, which regulates companies’ access to workers. Our study reveals the need for applicable knowledge about multilingual practices and sociolinguistic relations in workplaces.
{"title":"“The working language is Norwegian. Not that this means anything, it seems”: when expectations meet the new multilingual reality","authors":"F. Hiss, Anna Loppacher","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1911201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Linguistic and cultural diversity in Northern Norwegian working life has increased dramatically in the twenty-first century. Based on a series of telephone interviews with company representatives, this article presents an overview of the new multilingual reality in many workplaces and analyzes how managers and administrators position their expectations and experiences of it. Participants’ responses suggest that many workplaces are linguistically segregated. Though most participants said their companies did not have explicit workplace language policies, they expressed clear perceptions of how things should be in their workplaces, and these were often in conflict with their descriptions of the status quo. We also show how multiple contextual conditions in and out of workplaces, both ideological and practical, informed participants’ accounts of multilingual practices in their workplaces. Static and normative ideological positions are challenged by employees’ language choices, practices, and developments on a societal level, particularly those of the labour market, which regulates companies’ access to workers. Our study reveals the need for applicable knowledge about multilingual practices and sociolinguistic relations in workplaces.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47774085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1911200
Anja Maria Pesch
ABSTRACT Translanguaging has become a popular concept in educational contexts. However, it has not been discussed much in the kindergarten context of Norway. Many studies on translanguaging have been carried out in specific bilingual classrooms. In kindergartens in Norway, Norwegian is usually the common and majority language whilst a growing number of children attending kindergarten are multilingual with diverse linguistic background, and kindergarten teachers often have limited knowledge in the children’s languages. The article elaborates on the concept of translanguaging from an educational and linguistic perspective. The concept of translanguaging is used as a theoretical lens to discuss kindergarten teachers’ pedagogical practice with multilingual children and parents, as well as discourses in the kindergarten curriculum. The subsequent discussion focuses on the challenges and possibilities that translanguaging brings in its encounter with the kindergarten context in Norway. Whilst translanguaging may bring important challenges on existing views on language and multilingualism and create heteroglossic linguistic spaces for communication with children and their parents, it also encounters boundaries in the complex communication reality in kindergartens in Norway.
{"title":"“They call me anneanne!” translanguaging as a theoretical and pedagogical challenge and opportunity in the kindergarten context in Norway","authors":"Anja Maria Pesch","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1911200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Translanguaging has become a popular concept in educational contexts. However, it has not been discussed much in the kindergarten context of Norway. Many studies on translanguaging have been carried out in specific bilingual classrooms. In kindergartens in Norway, Norwegian is usually the common and majority language whilst a growing number of children attending kindergarten are multilingual with diverse linguistic background, and kindergarten teachers often have limited knowledge in the children’s languages. The article elaborates on the concept of translanguaging from an educational and linguistic perspective. The concept of translanguaging is used as a theoretical lens to discuss kindergarten teachers’ pedagogical practice with multilingual children and parents, as well as discourses in the kindergarten curriculum. The subsequent discussion focuses on the challenges and possibilities that translanguaging brings in its encounter with the kindergarten context in Norway. Whilst translanguaging may bring important challenges on existing views on language and multilingualism and create heteroglossic linguistic spaces for communication with children and their parents, it also encounters boundaries in the complex communication reality in kindergartens in Norway.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48412675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1911209
Monica Sætermo, Hilde Sollid
ABSTRACT Today, in an era of increased mobility and migration, there is also increased in-migration within regions and countries. In the case of Norway, there is high tolerance for dialect use, and in this context, it is interesting to ask which kinds of sociolinguistic strategies in-migrants consider to be available given their current situation. This article explores the reported language attitudes from the point of view of people who have moved to Tromsø from other parts of Norway. The data is from a survey about (1) in-migrants’ attitudes towards various forms of dialect use, including dialect maintenance, shifts or changes, and (2) how the in-migrants perceive attitudes in Tromsø towards various forms of dialect use. The study shows that it is seen as ideal to maintain one’s initial dialect, rather than changing or shifting the dialect. However, most of the respondents reportedly changed their own initial dialect and changing or shifting the dialect is perceived as a tolerable sociolinguistic strategy to fit in and accommodate the new place. We also find that a common assumption is that people in Tromsø have positive attitudes towards other dialects, but it seems to matter where one comes from and which dialect one speaks.
{"title":"Reported language attitudes among Norwegian speaking in-migrants in Tromsø","authors":"Monica Sætermo, Hilde Sollid","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1911209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Today, in an era of increased mobility and migration, there is also increased in-migration within regions and countries. In the case of Norway, there is high tolerance for dialect use, and in this context, it is interesting to ask which kinds of sociolinguistic strategies in-migrants consider to be available given their current situation. This article explores the reported language attitudes from the point of view of people who have moved to Tromsø from other parts of Norway. The data is from a survey about (1) in-migrants’ attitudes towards various forms of dialect use, including dialect maintenance, shifts or changes, and (2) how the in-migrants perceive attitudes in Tromsø towards various forms of dialect use. The study shows that it is seen as ideal to maintain one’s initial dialect, rather than changing or shifting the dialect. However, most of the respondents reportedly changed their own initial dialect and changing or shifting the dialect is perceived as a tolerable sociolinguistic strategy to fit in and accommodate the new place. We also find that a common assumption is that people in Tromsø have positive attitudes towards other dialects, but it seems to matter where one comes from and which dialect one speaks.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2021.1911198
Leena Niiranen
ABSTRACT Language learners of Kven participated in informal learning settings using the Master Apprentice method, a method often used in language revitalization. The use of this method is studied in the light of sociocultural theory of language learning, which focuses on the relationship between collaborative learning and learner autonomy. The students of Kven improved their oral proficiency when using the language with the mentors in informal conversations. The informal learning setting increased learner autonomy among the participants because they exercised learner agency and used language learning strategies. Language learning takes place not only cognitively, but also emotionally. Anxiety can discourage learners from using language; self confidence influences the courage to speak. The MA method helped learners to master their negative feelings, and to lower anxiety. Positive feedback helped them take initiative for the use of the Kven language independently after first practising it with their mentor. However, beliefs about language learning seemed to guide the choice of learning activities. Practical activities, which are usually included in the use of the MA method, were not included, even though they would probably have influenced language learning in a positive way.
{"title":"Minority language learning in Kven through conversation","authors":"Leena Niiranen","doi":"10.1080/08003831.2021.1911198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911198","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Language learners of Kven participated in informal learning settings using the Master Apprentice method, a method often used in language revitalization. The use of this method is studied in the light of sociocultural theory of language learning, which focuses on the relationship between collaborative learning and learner autonomy. The students of Kven improved their oral proficiency when using the language with the mentors in informal conversations. The informal learning setting increased learner autonomy among the participants because they exercised learner agency and used language learning strategies. Language learning takes place not only cognitively, but also emotionally. Anxiety can discourage learners from using language; self confidence influences the courage to speak. The MA method helped learners to master their negative feelings, and to lower anxiety. Positive feedback helped them take initiative for the use of the Kven language independently after first practising it with their mentor. However, beliefs about language learning seemed to guide the choice of learning activities. Practical activities, which are usually included in the use of the MA method, were not included, even though they would probably have influenced language learning in a positive way.","PeriodicalId":44093,"journal":{"name":"Acta Borealia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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