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Review of: James C. Dobbins, Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons 评论:James C.Dobbins,《看佛:日本佛教偶像的宗教意义》
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.353-358
J. LeFebvre
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引用次数: 0
The Shintoization of Mazu in Tokugawa Japan 日本德川家康的妈祖神道化
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.225-246
Wai-ming Ng
Mazu was a Chinese sea goddess worshiped by fishermen, villagers, maritime merchants, and local officials in the Sinic world including Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the Ryūkyū Kingdom. In a sense, the Chinese cultural sphere was also the “sphere of Mazu belief.” Compared with China’s other neighboring nations, Japan settled at a deeper level of localization, turning Mazu into a Shinto deity, worshiping the Chinese goddess in the Shinto way, and enshrining her along with other Shinto deities. In the Tokugawa period, Mazu was worshiped by the Japanese as the manifestation of different Shinto deities. Based on Japanese primary sources, this study investigates the Shintoization of Mazu in Tokugawa Japan using Funadama belief among seafarers and shipbuilders, Noma Gongen belief in the Satsuma domain, and Ototachibanahime belief in the Mito domain as the main points of reference. Mazu was associated with Funadama, the Japanese protector god of seafarers, in different parts of Japan. In the Satsuma and Mito domains, Mazu belief differed tremendously from that in China in terms of religious titles, festival dates, forms of worship, and functions. This research aims to deepen our understanding of how Chinese folk religions were incorporated into the Shinto framework of Tokugawa Japan and the nature of the popularization of Chinese culture in Japan through the lens of localization.
妈祖是中国的海神,在包括日本、韩国、越南和琉球王国在内的中世,渔民、村民、海商和地方官员都崇拜它。从某种意义上说,中国的文化领域也是“妈祖信仰的领域”。与中国其他邻国相比,日本在更深层次的本土化上定居下来,将妈祖变成神道神,以神道的方式崇拜中国女神,并将她与其他神道神一起供奉。在德川家康时期,妈祖被日本人视为不同神道神的象征。本研究以日本的原始资料为基础,以航海者和造船者的丰岛信仰、萨摩地区的野宫根信仰和水户地区的太田町八段信仰为主要参考点,考察了德川家康马祖的神道化。在日本的不同地区,妈祖与日本海员的守护神丰达摩有联系。在萨摩和水户地区,妈祖信仰在宗教头衔、节日日期、崇拜形式和功能方面与中国有着巨大的不同。本研究旨在通过本土化的视角,加深我们对中国民间宗教如何融入德川家康日本神道教框架以及中国文化在日本普及的本质的理解。
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引用次数: 1
The Inaw of Ishikawa: Ainu Religious Implements in Japanese Shrines and Temples 石川的诞生:日本神社和寺庙中的阿伊努宗教工具
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.341-351
A. Morrow
In 2015, the researcher Imaishi Migiwa discovered a group of Ainu religious implements called inaw イナウ in Shinto shrines in two coastal villages in Ishikawa Prefecture, some thousand kilometers from Hokkaido. Upon close examination, these nine inaw were recognized to have been brought to Honshu by a similar process that brought twenty-four inaw to Engakuji 円覚寺, a Shingon Buddhist temple on the west coast of Aomori Prefecture. These inaw were collected from multiple locations across the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido over the period of 1868 to 1888 by Wajin 和人 (non-Ainu Japanese) merchants doing regular business with the Ainu. While this period is known for the seizure of Ainu lands by Japan and Russia and the imposition of Western-style colonialism, the inaw viewed as a group of artifacts paint a very different picture. Imaishi assembled a team of experts specializing in inaw, maritime trade, and Ainu-Wajin interaction, who together published a research report in 2019, Umi o watatta inau (Imaishi 2019). Its contributors describe every aspect of the process that brought these inaw to the island of Honshu, including Ainu ritual practices, the religious customs of Wajin merchants on the northern seas, and power Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 47/2: 341–351 © 2020 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture dx.doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.341-351
2015年,研究人员Imaishi Migiwa在距离北海道数千公里的石川县两个沿海村庄的神道教神社中发现了一组名为inaw的阿伊努人宗教工具。经过仔细的检查,这九只牛被认为是通过类似的过程被带到本州的,这24只牛被带到青森县西海岸的信教佛教寺庙恩歌寺。这些法律是从1868年至1888年期间在库页岛和北海道的多个地方收集的,由与阿伊努人定期做生意的和津人(非阿伊努人日本人)商人收集。虽然这一时期因日本和俄罗斯侵占阿伊努人的土地和强加西式殖民主义而闻名,但被视为一组文物的雕像描绘了一幅截然不同的画面。Imaishi组建了一个专门研究法律、海上贸易和阿伊努-瓦津互动的专家团队,他们在2019年共同发表了一份研究报告《Umi o watatta inau》(Imaishi 2019)。它的撰稿人描述了将这些法律带到本州岛的过程的各个方面,包括阿伊努人的仪式习俗,北方海上瓦津商人的宗教习俗,以及日本宗教研究杂志47/2:341-351©2020 Nanzan宗教与文化研究所dx.doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.341-351
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引用次数: 0
Review of: Takashi Miura, Agents of World Renewal: The Rise of Yonaoshi Gods in Japan 书评:三浦隆,《世界更新的代理人:日本与世之神的兴起》
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.2.2020.363-366
April D. Hughes
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引用次数: 0
Nenbutsu Orthodoxies in Medieval Japan 中世纪日本的经传正统
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.135-160
Aaron P. Proffitt
New approaches to Buddhist doctrine and practice flourished within and across diverse lineages and sub-lineages in early medieval Japan. The early-modern and modern sectarianization of Japanese Buddhism, however, has tended to obscure the complex ways that the very idea of orthodoxy functioned in this fluid medieval environment. In this article, I explore attempts to account for the diversity of views regarding] nenbutsu orthodoxy in trea- tises composed by scholars monks affiliated with Mt. Kōya and Mt. Hiei. In particular, this article contextualizes how these monks constructed the idea of an esoteric nenbutsu by drawing upon earlier taxonomies developed in the Tendai school as well as the East Asian esoteric Buddhist corpus. Ultimately, this study concludes that the esoteric nenbutsu was not the provenance of a particular school or sect, but rather served as a polemical construct designed to subsume the diversity of approaches to nenbutsu praxis as monks in diverse lineages competed with one another to define esoteric Buddhism in the early medieval context.
在中世纪早期的日本,佛教教义和实践的新方法在不同的世系和次世系中蓬勃发展。然而,日本佛教的早期现代和现代宗派主义化,往往掩盖了正统思想在这个流动的中世纪环境中发挥作用的复杂方式。在这篇文章中,我探讨了在与Kōya山和Hiei山有关的学者和僧侣所著的论著中,关于菩萨正统的不同观点的尝试。特别是,本文通过借鉴天台学派和东亚密传佛教语料库中发展起来的早期分类法,阐述了这些僧侣是如何构建密传neenbutsu概念的。最终,本研究得出结论,密教的nenbutsu并不是一个特定学派或教派的起源,而是作为一种争论性的结构,旨在将不同血统的僧侣相互竞争,以定义中世纪早期的密教背景下的密宗佛教,从而将nenbutsu实践的多样性纳入其中。
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引用次数: 1
Review of: Anna Andreeva, Assembling Shinto: Buddhist Approaches to Kami Worship in Medieval Japan 回顾:安娜·安德列娃,《聚集神道:中世纪日本神崇拜的佛教方法》
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.183-185
Or Porath
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引用次数: 0
The Doctrinal Origins of Embryology in the Shingon School 信安学派胚胎学的理论起源
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.85-102
T. Kameyama
In this article, I discuss the significance of embryological knowledge, such as the red and white drops and the five developmental stages of the embryo, in medieval Shingon esoteric Buddhism. Specifically, I examine the writings of Kakuban, an eminent Shingon Buddhist monk in early medieval Japan, and point out that, according to Kakuban, embryological knowledge was connected with the six elements, which were fundamental to Shingon conceptions of ontology. In other words, by constructing embryological theories, medieval Shingon monks such as Kakuban attempted to make a correlation between abstract and distant cosmologies and the life and death realities of their daily lives.
在这篇文章中,我讨论了胚胎学知识的意义,如红、白滴和胚胎的五个发育阶段,在中世纪的神功密教中。具体而言,我考察了日本中世纪早期的神功高僧Kakuban的著作,并指出,根据Kakuban,胚胎学知识与六要素有关,这六要素是神功本体论的基础。换句话说,通过构建胚胎学理论,像Kakuban这样的中世纪辛贡僧侣试图将抽象和遥远的宇宙学与他们日常生活的生死现实联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Buddhist Temple Networks in Medieval Japan: Daigoji, Mt. Kōya, and the Miwa Lineage 中世纪日本的佛教寺庙网络:大象寺,Kōya山和三和世系
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.11-41
A. Andreeva
The intellectual links between medieval esoteric temples and localized Shingon movements are still far from being well understood. Although a part of education at major monastic complexes such as Daigoji and Mt. Kōya, transmissions of esoteric theories were not uniform and varied depending on their recipients’ social status. A comparative reading of the Yugikyō transmissions imparted by the abbot Jikken of Kongōōin to his official disciple Dōhan and a lesser-known semi-itinerant priest, Rendōbō Hōkyō, from a local training hall at Mt. Miwa in Nara Prefecture shows that during the late twelfth to fourteenth centuries non-elite practitioners in medieval Japan, such as those associated with the local Miwa lineage, did not simply study the Yugikyō teachings but were actively involved in their dissemination. They used theories associated with this sutra as key parts of their own religious capital and transported them from large esoteric temples further afield to Japan’s countryside.
中世纪的密教寺庙和本土化的神功运动之间的智力联系仍然远未被充分理解。尽管这是Daigoji和Mt.Kōya等主要修道院建筑群的教育的一部分,但深奥理论的传播并不统一,而且根据接受者的社会地位而有所不同。对孔乙根住持在奈良县三和山的一个当地培训大厅向他的官方弟子Dōhan和一位鲜为人知的半流动牧师Rendō; bōHō,例如那些与当地Miwa血统有关的人,他们不仅研究Yugikyō的教义,而且积极参与其传播。他们将与这部佛经相关的理论作为自己宗教资本的关键部分,并将其从更远的大型密教寺庙运到日本农村。
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引用次数: 0
Editor's Introduction: Esoteric Traditions in Medieval Japan 编者简介:日本中世纪的密教传统
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.1-10
M. Mcmullen
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引用次数: 0
The Making of an Esoteric Deity: Sannō Discourse in the Keiran shūyōshū 一个神秘的神的制造:在凯兰山语shūyōshū
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.161-176
Yeonjoo Park
This study explores depictions of Sannō in the Keiran shūyōshū, a collection of orally transmitted teachings on Mt. Hiei compiled in the early fourteenth century. Originally a conglomeration of protective kami, Sannō rose in prominence to become the primary deity of the mountain and, by extension, the divine representation of the Tendai teachings. Based on the medieval hermeneutic of source-trace, Sannō was posited as the embodiment of Tendai esoteric doctrine. This article demonstrates that the Sannō deity of Mt. Hiei, as constructed in the Keiran, represents a concerted effort among Tendai scholastics in medieval Japan to specify an orthodox esoteric Buddhist tradition by associating the fundamental doctrines of their school and consolidating competing interpretations into the guise of a singular deity.
本研究探讨了十四世纪早期编撰的关于比平山的口头传播教义集《启兰shūyōshū》中对山的描述。山神最初是一群保护神的集合,后来逐渐崛起,成为这座山的主神,延伸开来,成为天台教义的神圣代表。基于中世纪的来源追溯解释学,山井被假定为天台神秘主义的化身。这篇文章表明,在《凯兰》中构建的平平山的山神,代表了中世纪日本天台学派的学者们共同努力,通过将他们学派的基本教义联系起来,并将相互竞争的解释整合到一个单一的神的幌子中,来指定一个正统的深奥佛教传统。
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引用次数: 1
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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES
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