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“Deviant Teachings”: The Tachikawa Lineage as a Moving Concept in Japanese Buddhism “离经叛道”:立川世系作为日本佛教中一个流动的概念
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.103-133
Gaétan Rappo
In modern studies of esoteric Buddhism in medieval Japan, the so-called Tachikawa lineage has played a central role in defining heretical or heterodox practice. Founded in the early twelfth century, this minor and local lineage of the Shingon school underwent a series of transformations, eventually becoming a model for all heresies in Japan. In medieval Japan, the term “Tachikawa” was irredeemably associated with explicit sexual practices, especially in the writings of the Mt. Kōya monk Yūkai and his successors. These polemical critiques of Tachikawa as a deviant lineage and teaching developed into a tradition of textual study that sought to establish an orthodoxy in the Shingon school. This critique was later applied beyond the Shingon sectarian context to instances of heresy in the Jōdo Shin school and, eventually, Christianity. This heresiological process gradually resulted in a multilayered, “moving concept” of Japanese heresy, which came to fruition during the nineteenth century with the introduction of the Western ideas of religion and heresy.
在中世纪日本对密宗的现代研究中,所谓的立川血统在定义异端或异端行为方面发挥了核心作用。新贡学派成立于12世纪初,这一次要的地方血统经历了一系列的转变,最终成为日本所有异端的典范。在中世纪的日本,“立川”一词与露骨的性行为有着不可挽回的联系,尤其是在高山僧Yúkai及其继任者的著作中。这些对立川作为一个离经叛道的谱系和教学的争论性批评发展成了一种考据学传统,试图在辛贡学派中建立正统。这一批评后来被应用于新教宗派背景之外的Jōdo Shin学派的异端实例,并最终应用于基督教。这一异端过程逐渐形成了日本异端的多层次“移动概念”,这一概念在19世纪随着西方宗教和异端思想的引入而实现。
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引用次数: 2
The Mountain as Mandala: Kūkai’s Founding of Mt. Kōya 山是曼陀罗:Kūkai山的建立Kōya
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.43-83
Ethan Bushelle
This article considers the sociocultural significance of Kūkai’s understanding of Mt. Kōya as a mandala. Locating the context for his formulation of this understanding in his efforts to found Mt. Kōya in the mid-Kōnin era (809–823), it seeks to elucidate its disclosive function. The interpretation is put forward that Kūkai’s mandalic understanding of the mountains disclosed the possibility of a disembedded form of Buddhist life, one in which the human agent is understood to exist outside the social world of the Heian court and the divine cosmos on which it was believed to be grounded. Particular attention is paid to the sociopolitical effects of this disclosure, suggesting specifically that it contributed to the differentiation of religious authority from political power in Japan. To elucidate this process, Kūkai’s founding of Mt. Kōya is situated in a genealogy of monks who founded mountain temples that operated relatively autonomously vis-à-vis the state. Kūkai’s erstwhile collaborator, Saichō, is given special consideration.
这篇文章考虑了凯凯将山理解为曼陀罗的社会文化意义。它定位了他在公元809年至823年中期努力发现山的过程中提出这一理解的背景,试图阐明其揭示功能。有人认为,开对山的曼陀罗理解揭示了佛教生活的一种无形形式的可能性,在这种形式中,人类代理人被理解为存在于平安宫廷的社会世界和被认为是其基础的神圣宇宙之外。特别关注这一披露的社会政治影响,特别表明它有助于日本宗教权威与政治权力的分化。为了阐明这一过程,Kúkai创建的山Kōya位于僧侣的家谱中,他们创建了相对于国家相对自主运作的山神庙。凯以前的合作者Saichō得到了特别的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Review of: Gaétan Rappo, Rhétoriques de l’hérésie dans le Japon médiéval et moderne: Le moine Monkan (1278–1357) et sa réputation posthume 评论:Gaétan Rappo,中世纪和现代日本异端修辞:僧侣Monkan(1278-1357)及其死后声誉
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.47.1.2020.177-182
S. Trenson
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引用次数: 0
Review of: Erica Baffelli and Ian Reader, Dynamism and the Ageing of a Japanese ‘New’ Religion: Transformations and the Founder 书评:Erica Baffelli和Ian Reader,日本“新”宗教的活力和老龄化:转型和创始人
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.323-325
I. Prohl
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引用次数: 0
Chōgen’s Vision of Tōdaiji’s Great Buddha as Both Mahāvairocana and Amitābha Chōgen对戴基大佛既是Mahāvairocana又是Amitābha的愿景
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.173-192
Evan Ingram
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引用次数: 1
Buddhist Networks: The Japanese Preparation for the World’s Parliament of Religions, 1892–1893 佛教网络:1892年至1893年日本为世界宗教大会所做的准备
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.247-275
Aihua Zheng
Aihua Zheng is Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of History at the University of Iowa. This article examines how the Japanese Buddhist delegates to the World’s Parliament of Religions in 1893 prepared in Japan for their task of representing Japanese Buddhism to the West. From the late 1880s to the early 1890s, the Japanese Buddhist community was connected through the popular press, print media, and private organizations, which facilitated their resource sharing. The national network empowered the Japanese to collaborate with Buddhists in South Asia and with supporters in the West and participated in their pan-Asian networking. Through these networks, a group of internationally minded Japanese Buddhists helped the delegates gain information and resources to prepare a version of Japanese Buddhism acceptable to most domestic sects. Moreover, the delegates decided to portray their faith as a Japanese-style Mahāyāna tradition in line with the Western view of Buddhism. Their popularity in Chicago contributed to the globalization and revival of Japanese Buddhism.
郑爱华是爱荷华大学宗教研究系和历史系的客座助理教授。本文考察了1893年参加世界宗教议会的日本佛教代表是如何在日本为他们向西方代表日本佛教的任务做准备的。从19世纪80年代末到19世纪90年代初,日本佛教界通过大众媒体、印刷媒体和私人组织建立了联系,这促进了他们的资源共享。国家网络使日本人能够与南亚的佛教徒和西方的支持者合作,并参与他们的泛亚网络。通过这些网络,一群具有国际思想的日本佛教徒帮助代表们获得信息和资源,准备一个大多数国内教派都能接受的日本佛教版本。此外,代表们决定将他们的信仰描绘成符合西方佛教观的日本式Mahāyāna传统。它们在芝加哥的流行为日本佛教的全球化和复兴做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
The Fall Peak, Professional Culture, and Document Production in Early Modern Haguro Shugendo 近代早期的夏峰、职业文化与文献制作
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.219-245
F. Clements
Frank Clements is Postdoctoral Research and Teaching Fellow in the Department of Asian Studies, University of British Columbia. This article investigates the significance of Fall Peak austerities in Haguro Shugendo to the professional culture of early modern Haguro shugenja with an emphasis on the centrality of document production. The family archives of the elite Sanada Shichirōzaemon household and those of the village shugenja they administered reveal that, while all Haguro shugenja relied on the Fall Peak to achieve membership in Haguro Shugendo, the experience and requirements of the Fall Peak varied greatly based on the status of the participant’s household. I argue that these stratified experiences were based in a professional culture of document production and preservation that helped to construct and maintain the hierarchies of Haguro’s community and organization. In light of the documentary activities of the Sanada and their village shugenja subordinates, the social and professional aspects of the early modern Fall Peak should be regarded as just as significant as its ritual and doctrinal elements.
弗兰克·克莱门茨,英属哥伦比亚大学亚洲研究系博士后研究和教学研究员。本文以文献制作为中心,探讨了羽黑书原道秋峰苦行对近代早期羽黑书原道专业文化的意义。真那达精英Shichirōzaemon家庭和他们管理的村书园会的家庭档案显示,虽然所有的hakuo书园会都依赖于Fall Peak来获得hakuo书园会的会员资格,但Fall Peak的经验和要求因参与者家庭的地位而有很大差异。我认为,这些分层的经历是基于一种专业的文件制作和保存文化,这种文化有助于构建和维持羽黑的社区和组织的等级制度。根据真那达人和他们的村书根子下属的纪录片活动,现代早期秋峰的社会和专业方面应该被视为与它的仪式和教义元素一样重要。
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引用次数: 2
Finding a Place for Jizō: A Study of Jizō Statuary in the Buddhist Temples of Sendai 为吉日找个地方:仙台佛寺吉日雕像研究
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.151-172
Alīse Eishō Donnere
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引用次数: 0
Review of: Duncan Ryūken Williams, American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War 评论:邓肯·赖肯·威廉姆斯,《美国经:第二次世界大战中的信仰与自由故事》
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.319-322
G. Tanabe
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引用次数: 0
Ōnamochi: The Great God who Created All Under Heaven Ōnamochi:创造天下万物的伟大上帝
IF 0.4 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.277-317
R. Torrance
Richard Torrance is Professor of Japanese in the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at Ohio State University. In the Izumo no kuni fudoki, the deity Ōnamochi no mikoto, most commonly known as Ōkuninushi no mikoto, is customarily referred to with the designation “The Great God who Created All Under Heaven.” This study, which is indebted to the research of Kanda Norishiro, examines what the title “The Great God who Created All Under Heaven” signifies. Eighth-century texts, primarily the Izumo no kuni fudoki but also the Kojiki, Nihon shoki, Manyōshū, and Harima no kuni fudoki, establish that Ōnamochi is a deity who attracted a number of divine characteristics over time. The geographical extent of “all under heaven” is first defined as embracing the entire terrestrial realm, not just Izumo. The heroic Ōnamochi, Ōnamochi the god of agriculture, Ōnamochi as the great lover, Onamochi’s transformation into a bird, and Ōnamochi as a god who guards the sea and welcomes deities from beyond the horizon are described. In conclusion, the continued vitality of the god in Izumo is examined.
理查德·托伦斯是俄亥俄州立大学东亚语言文学系的日语教授。在出云书中,神Ōnamochi no mikoto,通常被称为Ōkuninushi no mikoto,通常被称为“创造天下万物的伟大上帝”。本研究得益于神田纪弘的研究,对“创造天下万物的大神”这个题目的含义进行了考察。八世纪的文献,主要是出云书,日本书,Manyōshū和Harima no kuni fudoki,确立了Ōnamochi是一个神,随着时间的推移,他吸引了许多神圣的特征。“天下”的地理范围首先被定义为包括整个陆地领域,而不仅仅是出云。主人公是英勇的Ōnamochi、农业之神Ōnamochi、伟大的恋人Ōnamochi、变成鸟的小野口、守护大海、欢迎远方神灵的Ōnamochi。综上所述,出云神的持续生命力得到了检验。
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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES
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