Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.79-101
James Fujitani
James Fujitani is Associate Professor in the Department of Modern Languages at Azusa Pacific University. In 1555, just six years after arriving in Japan, missionaries from the Society of Jesus founded a small medical clinic in the city of Funai (modern-day Ōita). This was the first European hospital in all of East Asia, and historians have often regarded it as the beginning of a scientific revolution, a revolution which would eventually see the official adoption of Western medicine in Japan along with the marginalization of Eastern techniques. This article seeks an alternative perspective. It argues that there is some misunderstanding as to the nature of the Jesuit hospital. The historical sources in fact indicate that it was largely designed by, directed by, and staffed by the local Japanese Christians. Because of this, it functioned much like a Buddhist temple sanatorium. It had buildings of a similar architectural style, and its patients were treated in a similar way, receiving both Chinese medicine and Western surgery. The primary goal of the Jesuit hospital was not to introduce exotic medical techniques, but rather to offer appropriate social and spiritual support to the community.
James Fujitani是阿祖萨太平洋大学现代语言系副教授。1555年，在抵达日本仅六年后，耶稣会的传教士在伏乃市（现代的Ōita）建立了一家小型医疗诊所。这是整个东亚第一家欧洲医院，历史学家经常将其视为一场科学革命的开始，这场革命最终将导致日本正式采用西方医学，同时将东方技术边缘化。本文寻求另一种视角。它认为，对耶稣会医院的性质存在一些误解。事实上，历史资料表明，它主要由当地的日本基督徒设计、指导和配备人员。正因为如此，它的功能很像一个佛教寺庙疗养院。它的建筑风格相似，病人的治疗方式相似，既接受中医治疗，也接受西方手术。耶稣会医院的主要目标不是引进外来的医疗技术，而是为社区提供适当的社会和精神支持。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.140-144
Masato Kato
{"title":"Review of: Mitsutoshi Horii, The Category of ‘Religion’ in Contemporary Japan: Shūkyō and Temple Buddhism","authors":"Masato Kato","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.140-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.140-144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46574547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.336-339
Ethan Bushelle
{"title":"Review of: Edward R. Drott, Buddhism and the Transformation of Old Age in Medieval Japan","authors":"Ethan Bushelle","doi":"10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.336-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.46.2.2019.336-339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46905263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.31-51
Gwendolyn Gillson
Gwendolyn Gillson is Assistant Professor of Asian studies at Illinois College. Japanese Buddhism is often disparagingly called “funeral Buddhism” due to its supposed focus on death care. This is accompanied by a belief that contemporary Buddhism is spiritually bankrupt, merely carrying out meaningless rituals. However, the women in the Bukkyō josei no tsudoi and the nenbutsu meeting affiliated with the Jōdoshū, one of the sects of funeral Buddhism, reveal how contemporary Buddhist women actively work through ritual to create meaningful relationships with one another. Utilizing Catherine Bell’s concept of ritualization and Ronald Grimes’s concept of ritual phases, this ethnographic study shows how the different phases of the meetings work together to create both formal and informal ritual that is intentional, effective, and important to the women who perform it. These women illustrate the enduring dedication to traditional Buddhist ritual practices that they see as important for personal and spiritual growth.
{"title":"Traversing the Nenbutsu: The Power of Ritual in Contemporary Japanese Buddhism","authors":"Gwendolyn Gillson","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.31-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.46.1.2019.31-51","url":null,"abstract":"Gwendolyn Gillson is Assistant Professor of Asian studies at Illinois College. Japanese Buddhism is often disparagingly called “funeral Buddhism” due to its supposed focus on death care. This is accompanied by a belief that contemporary Buddhism is spiritually bankrupt, merely carrying out meaningless rituals. However, the women in the Bukkyō josei no tsudoi and the nenbutsu meeting affiliated with the Jōdoshū, one of the sects of funeral Buddhism, reveal how contemporary Buddhist women actively work through ritual to create meaningful relationships with one another. Utilizing Catherine Bell’s concept of ritualization and Ronald Grimes’s concept of ritual phases, this ethnographic study shows how the different phases of the meetings work together to create both formal and informal ritual that is intentional, effective, and important to the women who perform it. These women illustrate the enduring dedication to traditional Buddhist ritual practices that they see as important for personal and spiritual growth.","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67747092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.423-452
F. Gygi
This article looks at religious and semi-religious paraphernalia in everyday life from the perspective of disposal. Recent research in religious studies and anthropology has focused on the ways in which beliefs are performed through religious objects. But what happens to the object that is not performed? What notions of materiality do they bring into play? By using the notion of migawari (body substitution) and ethnographic vignettes, I argue that talismans and amulets become “believing substitutes” that allow for an externalization of belief altogether. They become problematic again at the point of disposal. In particular, in the case of dolls, where body substitution acquires a literal sense, questions of the relationship between dolls and their owners, and of their value and inalienability, add to the dolls’ ambiguity. Memorial rites for dolls instill a sense of closure for participants by appealing to orthopraxy rather than by addressing beliefs concerning dolls.
{"title":"Things that Believe: Talismans, Amulets, Dolls, and How to Get Rid of Them","authors":"F. Gygi","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.423-452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.423-452","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at religious and semi-religious paraphernalia in everyday life from the perspective of disposal. Recent research in religious studies and anthropology has focused on the ways in which beliefs are performed through religious objects. But what happens to the object that is not performed? What notions of materiality do they bring into play? By using the notion of migawari (body substitution) and ethnographic vignettes, I argue that talismans and amulets become “believing substitutes” that allow for an externalization of belief altogether. They become problematic again at the point of disposal. In particular, in the case of dolls, where body substitution acquires a literal sense, questions of the relationship between dolls and their owners, and of their value and inalienability, add to the dolls’ ambiguity. Memorial rites for dolls instill a sense of closure for participants by appealing to orthopraxy rather than by addressing beliefs concerning dolls.","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41705895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.269-307
S. Trenson
{"title":"Rice, Relics, and Jewels: The Network and Agency of Rice Grains in Medieval Japanese Esoteric Buddhism","authors":"S. Trenson","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.269-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.269-307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/jjrs.45.2.2018.460-463
Zuzana Kubovčáková
{"title":"Review of: Pamela D. Winfield and Steven Heine, eds., Zen and Material Culture","authors":"Zuzana Kubovčáková","doi":"10.18874/jjrs.45.2.2018.460-463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.45.2.2018.460-463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.453-457
Chihiro Saka
{"title":"Review of: Sherry D. Fowler, Accounts and Images of Six Kannon in Japan","authors":"Chihiro Saka","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.453-457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.453-457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44190385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.217-225
Caroline Hirasawa, B. Lomi
Caroline Hirasawa is Associate Professor of Japanese Art History at Waseda University, and Benedetta Lomi is Lecturer in East Asian Religions at the University of Bristol. A grain of rice is venerated as a Buddha relic during rainmaking rites. An ox gallstone, made into ointment, is given by a Buddhist monk to a midwife who spreads it on the genitals of a birthing empress. A used toy flute made of bamboo is dedicated to the deities of Miho Shrine in order to protect its former user. This special issue examines the relationship between materiality and the sacred by focusing on unassuming, familiar, unformed, or affordable objects—such as scraps of wood, grains of rice, and pieces of paper— that were invested with powerful meanings or cumulative effects. The articles assembled here explore the introduction and circulation of such objects through Japanese religious practice and imagination. Research on religious themes constantly refers to objects and materials. Iconography, implements, and ephemera play important parts in ritual and preaching, and objects serve as markers of faith and as protectors of the faithful. Birgit Meyer’s clarification is helpful here:
{"title":"Editors’ Introduction: Modest Materialities: The Social Lives and Afterlives of Sacred Things in Japan","authors":"Caroline Hirasawa, B. Lomi","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.217-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.217-225","url":null,"abstract":"Caroline Hirasawa is Associate Professor of Japanese Art History at Waseda University, and Benedetta Lomi is Lecturer in East Asian Religions at the University of Bristol. A grain of rice is venerated as a Buddha relic during rainmaking rites. An ox gallstone, made into ointment, is given by a Buddhist monk to a midwife who spreads it on the genitals of a birthing empress. A used toy flute made of bamboo is dedicated to the deities of Miho Shrine in order to protect its former user. This special issue examines the relationship between materiality and the sacred by focusing on unassuming, familiar, unformed, or affordable objects—such as scraps of wood, grains of rice, and pieces of paper— that were invested with powerful meanings or cumulative effects. The articles assembled here explore the introduction and circulation of such objects through Japanese religious practice and imagination. Research on religious themes constantly refers to objects and materials. Iconography, implements, and ephemera play important parts in ritual and preaching, and objects serve as markers of faith and as protectors of the faithful. Birgit Meyer’s clarification is helpful here:","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.341-390
Caroline Hirasawa
{"title":"The Materiality of a Promise: Interworldly Contracts in Medieval Buddhist Promotional Campaign Imagery","authors":"Caroline Hirasawa","doi":"10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.341-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/JJRS.45.2.2018.341-390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44102,"journal":{"name":"JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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