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2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV)最新文献

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Helicopter flight control using inverse optimal control and backstepping 基于逆最优控制和反演的直升机飞行控制
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485290
H. Teimoori, H. Pota, M. Garratt, M. K. Samal
This paper presents a hierarchical inner-outer loop-based scheme for flight control of a small unmanned helicopter in the presence of input time-delay. The controller is designed based on a two-time-scale separation architecture which includes a fast inner loop and a slow outer loop. The inner-loop (attitude controller) employs an inverse optimal control strategy, which circumvents the tedious task of numerically solving an online Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation to obtain the optimal controller. The designed controller is optimal with respect to a meaningful objective function which considers penalties for control input, angular position and angular velocity errors. The outer loop (position) controller uses the backstepping technique to control the position and keep the helicopter on track. Finally, computer simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical results and illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed control method.
针对存在输入时滞的小型无人直升机飞行控制问题,提出了一种基于分层内外环的飞行控制方案。该控制器采用双时间尺度分离结构,包括快速内环和慢速外环。内环(姿态控制器)采用逆最优控制策略,避免了繁琐的在线Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB)方程的数值求解。所设计的控制器在考虑了控制输入、角位置和角速度误差的惩罚后,具有一个有意义的目标函数。外环(位置)控制器使用后退技术来控制位置并保持直升机在轨道上。最后,通过计算机仿真验证了理论结果,并说明了所提控制方法的跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 13
Extending Bayesian RFS SLAM to multi-vehicle SLAM 将贝叶斯RFS SLAM扩展到多车SLAM
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485232
D. Moratuwage, B. Vo, Danwei W. Wang, Han Wang
In this paper we present a novel solution to the Multi-Vehicle SLAM (MVSLAM) problem by extending the random finite set (RFS) based SLAM filter framework using two recently developed multi-sensor information fusion approaches. Our solution is based on the modelling of the measurements and the landmark map as RFSs and factorizing the MVSLAM posterior into a product of the joint vehicle trajectories posterior and the landmark map posterior conditioned the vehicle trajectories. The joint vehicle trajectories posterior is propagated using a particle filter while the landmark map posterior conditioned on the vehicle trajectories is propagated using a Gaussian Mixture (GM) implementation of the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter.
本文采用两种最新发展的多传感器信息融合方法,对基于随机有限集(RFS)的SLAM滤波器框架进行扩展,提出了一种新的多车辆SLAM (MVSLAM)问题的解决方案。我们的解决方案是基于测量和地标地图作为rfs的建模,并将MVSLAM后验分解为联合车辆轨迹后验和后验车辆轨迹的地标地图的乘积。联合车辆轨迹后验使用粒子滤波器进行传播,而基于车辆轨迹的后验地标地图则使用概率假设密度(PHD)滤波器的高斯混合(GM)实现进行传播。
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引用次数: 15
An identification based indirect iterative learning control via data-driven approach 一种基于辨识的数据驱动间接迭代学习控制方法
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485418
R. Chi, Tao Su, S. Jin
In this paper, an iterative learning control approach is developed for a class of uncertainty nonlinear discrete-time systems based on the identification of the controlled system. At first, the linearized model of the nonlinear system is proposed. And then using the identification method, we present an indirect iterative learning control scheme for the controlled system. Analysis shows that the scheme can guarantee the system convergence under some conditions.
针对一类不确定非线性离散系统,提出了一种基于被控系统辨识的迭代学习控制方法。首先,建立了非线性系统的线性化模型。然后利用辨识方法,对被控系统提出了一种间接迭代学习控制方案。分析表明,该方案在一定条件下能够保证系统的收敛性。
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引用次数: 0
Neural-network-based cooperative adaptive identification of nonlinear systems 基于神经网络的非线性系统协同自适应辨识
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485135
Weisheng Chen, Shaoyong Hua, Wenlong Ren, Wenbo Hu
This paper considers the problem of cooperative adaptive identification for a class of nonlinear systems via neural networks. The proposed adaptive laws of neural network weights are distributed, and the interconnection topologies are established among identification models in order to share their data on-line. It is proved that if the interconnection topologies are undirected and connected, then all adaptive laws of neural network weights for the same system function can converge to a small neighborhood around their optimal values over a union of sets consisting of system trajectories. Thus, the learned system model has the better generalization capability. A simulation example are provided to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the algorithms proposed in this paper.
研究了一类非线性系统的神经网络协同自适应辨识问题。提出了神经网络权值自适应分布规律,建立了识别模型间的互连拓扑,实现了识别模型间数据的在线共享。证明了如果互连拓扑是无向连通的,那么同一系统函数的神经网络权值的所有自适应律在由系统轨迹组成的集的并集上可以收敛到其最优值周围的一个小邻域。因此,学习到的系统模型具有较好的泛化能力。通过仿真实例验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性。
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引用次数: 3
Recoverability of faulty discrete event systems 故障离散事件系统的可恢复性
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485168
Shaolong Shu, Wenhao Zong
Here we discussed recoverability of faulty discrete event systems. A faulty discrete event system includes the healthy dynamics and the faulty dynamics. In faulty modes, the performance of the system often degrades. Hence we need to execute some recovery actions to recover the performance of the system. Recovery actions may be renewing/repairing the faulty device or re-configuring the healthy devices. Generally recovery actions can be fired not for all the time, but for some time. They were modeled as a mapping from the state set of the faulty mode to a binary set in which 1 means recovery actions can be fired and 0 means recovery actions cannot be fired. Then we defined two types of recoverabilities: recoverability and weak recoverability. Recoverability means we periodically have chances to do recovery actions and weak recoverability means we have at least one chance to do recovery actions when the system has a fault. With observer technology, we proposed criteria to check these two types of recoverabilities.
本文讨论了故障离散事件系统的可恢复性问题。故障离散事件系统包括健康动力学和故障动力学。在故障模式下,系统的性能往往会下降。因此,我们需要执行一些恢复操作来恢复系统的性能。恢复操作可能是更新/修复故障设备或重新配置正常设备。一般来说,恢复动作不是一直被触发,而是在一段时间内被触发。它们被建模为从故障模式的状态集到二进制集的映射,其中1表示可以触发恢复操作,0表示不能触发恢复操作。然后定义了可恢复性和弱可恢复性两种类型。可恢复性意味着我们定期有机会执行恢复操作,弱可恢复性意味着我们至少有一次机会在系统出现故障时执行恢复操作。利用观察者技术,我们提出了检查这两种可恢复性的标准。
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引用次数: 1
Face liveness detection by exploring multiple scenic clues 探索多场景线索的人脸活动性检测
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485156
Junjie Yan, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhen Lei, Dong Yi, S. Li
Liveness detection is an indispensable guarantee for reliable face recognition, which has recently received enormous attention. In this paper we propose three scenic clues, which are non-rigid motion, face-background consistency and imaging banding effect, to conduct accurate and efficient face liveness detection. Non-rigid motion clue indicates the facial motions that a genuine face can exhibit such as blinking, and a low rank matrix decomposition based image alignment approach is designed to extract this non-rigid motion. Face-background consistency clue believes that the motion of face and background has high consistency for fake facial photos while low consistency for genuine faces, and this consistency can serve as an efficient liveness clue which is explored by GMM based motion detection method. Image banding effect reflects the imaging quality defects introduced in the fake face reproduction, which can be detected by wavelet decomposition. By fusing these three clues, we thoroughly explore sufficient clues for liveness detection. The proposed face liveness detection method achieves 100% accuracy on Idiap print-attack database and the best performance on self-collected face anti-spoofing database.
活体检测是可靠人脸识别的重要保证,近年来受到广泛关注。本文提出了非刚性运动、人脸背景一致性和成像带状效应三种场景线索来进行准确高效的人脸活体检测。非刚体运动线索是指真实人脸可能表现出的面部运动,如眨眼,设计了一种基于低秩矩阵分解的图像对齐方法来提取非刚体运动。人脸背景一致性线索认为假人脸与背景的运动具有较高的一致性,而真人脸的运动一致性较低,这种一致性可以作为一种有效的活动性线索,通过基于GMM的运动检测方法进行了探索。图像带状效应反映了假人脸再现过程中引入的成像质量缺陷,可通过小波分解检测出来。通过融合这三条线索,我们彻底探索了足够的线索来检测活体。所提出的人脸活动性检测方法在Idiap打印攻击数据库上达到100%的准确率,在自采集的人脸防欺骗数据库上达到最佳性能。
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引用次数: 96
A distributed online learning tracking algorithm 一种分布式在线学习跟踪算法
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485308
Sascha Schrader, Markus Dambek, Adrian Block, Stefan Brending, D. Nakath, Falko Schmid, J. V. D. Ven
In this paper we introduce a way of tracking people in an indoor environment across multiple cameras with overlapping as well as non-overlapping fields of view. To do so, we use our distribution model called SpARTA and an extended Tracking-Learning-Detection algorithm. A big advantage in comparison to other systems is that each camera node learns the tracked person and builds a database of positive and negative examples in real time. With these datasets we are able to distinguish different people across different nodes. The learned data is shared across nodes, so that they improve each other while tracking. In the main part we present an experimental validation of the system. Finally, we will show that distribution of tracking data improves tracking across multiple nodes considerably with regard to partial occlusion of the tracked object.
在本文中,我们介绍了一种在室内环境中跨多个摄像机跟踪人的方法,这些摄像机具有重叠和不重叠的视场。为此,我们使用了我们的分布模型SpARTA和扩展的跟踪-学习-检测算法。与其他系统相比,它的一大优势是每个摄像头节点都能了解被跟踪的人,并实时建立一个积极和消极例子的数据库。有了这些数据集,我们就可以在不同的节点上区分不同的人。学习到的数据在节点之间共享,以便它们在跟踪时相互改进。在主要部分,我们给出了系统的实验验证。最后,我们将展示跟踪数据的分布在被跟踪对象的部分遮挡方面大大改善了跨多个节点的跟踪。
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引用次数: 5
Robust unbiased H∞ filtering for uncertain two-dimensional systems 不确定二维系统的鲁棒无偏H∞滤波
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485332
Huiling Xu, Zhiping Lin, A. Makur
This paper is concerned with the problem of robust unbiased H∞ filtering for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini local state-space second model. The parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded in both the state and measurement equations. The concept of robust unbiased filtering is first introduced into uncertain 2-D systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of robust unbiased 2-D H∞ filters is derived based on the rank condition of the given system matrices. A method is then proposed for the design of robust unbiased H∞ filters for uncertain 2-D systems using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can be applied to unstable uncertain 2-D systems while existing robust 2-D H∞ filtering approaches only work for robust stable uncertain 2-D systems. An illustrative example is also provided and comparison with existing results is made.
研究了用Fornasini-Marchesini局部状态空间第二模型描述的不确定二维系统的鲁棒无偏H∞滤波问题。假设状态方程和测量方程的参数不确定性都是范数有界的。首先将鲁棒无偏滤波的概念引入不确定二维系统。基于给定系统矩阵的秩条件,导出了鲁棒无偏2-D H∞滤波器存在的充分必要条件。然后提出了一种利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术设计不确定二维系统鲁棒无偏H∞滤波器的方法。该方法的主要优点是可以应用于不稳定的不确定二维系统,而现有的鲁棒二维H∞滤波方法仅适用于鲁棒稳定的不确定二维系统。最后给出了一个实例,并与已有结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy of gaze point estimation in immersive 3D interaction interface based on eye tracking 基于眼动追踪的沉浸式三维交互界面注视点估计精度
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485315
C. Antonya
The gaze point and gaze line, measured with an eye tracking device, can be used in various interaction interfaces, like mobile robot programming in immersive virtual environment. Path generation of the robot should be made without any tedious eye gestures, but rather it should be detected from the context. The obtained trajectory, influenced by the precision of the estimated gaze point, can be used by physically disabled people in moving with a wheelchair using their eyes. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of the gaze point computation based on eye tracking in an immersive virtual environment. The point in space where the two directions of left and right eye converge gives a measure for the distance to the gazed objects. This distance is needed whenever the user wants to indicate a point in space or in case two or more objects to be selected are placed one behind the other. In this work several experiments have been conducted to assess the accuracy of the convergence point detection in space.
通过眼动追踪设备测量的注视点和注视线可用于各种交互界面,如沉浸式虚拟环境中的移动机器人编程。机器人的路径生成不需要任何繁琐的眼部动作,而是需要从环境中进行检测。得到的轨迹受估计注视点精度的影响,可以用于残疾人在轮椅上使用他们的眼睛移动。本研究的目的是评估沉浸式虚拟环境中基于眼动追踪的注视点计算的准确性。左眼和右眼两个方向在空间上的会聚点是被凝视物体的距离度量。每当用户想要指示空间中的一个点,或者两个或多个要选择的对象一个接一个地放置时,都需要这个距离。在此工作中,进行了几个实验来评估空间收敛点检测的准确性。
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引用次数: 5
Laser only feature based multi robot SLAM 基于激光特征的多机器人SLAM
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485296
S. R. U. N. Jafri, Zhao Li, A. A. Chandio, R. Chellali
This paper presents multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework for a team of robots with unknown initial poses. The proposed solution is using feature based Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) SLAM for each robot working in an unknown environment equipped only with 2D range sensor and communication module. To represent the environment in compact form, line and corner features (or point features) are used. By sharing and comparing distinct feature based maps of each robot, a global map with known poses is formed without any physical meeting among the robots. This approach can easily applicable to the distributed or centralized robotic systems with ease of data handling and reduced computational cost.
针对一组初始姿态未知的机器人,提出了一种多机器人同步定位与映射(SLAM)框架。提出的解决方案是对每个在未知环境中工作的机器人使用基于特征的rao - blackwell化粒子滤波(RBPF) SLAM,仅配备2D距离传感器和通信模块。为了以紧凑的形式表示环境,使用线和角特征(或点特征)。通过共享和比较每个机器人的不同特征地图,在机器人之间没有任何物理接触的情况下,形成具有已知姿态的全局地图。该方法可以很容易地应用于分布式或集中式机器人系统,数据处理方便,计算成本低。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV)
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