Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578301
A. El-fouly, M. Poulton, C. Glass
{"title":"A Highly Integrated Raster Based Exploration System","authors":"A. El-fouly, M. Poulton, C. Glass","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116403421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578355
L. Du, Jong-Sen Lee, S. Mango
Multiresolution representation of an image using the wavelet transform is a new and effective approach for the analysis of image information content. The transform can be computed efficiently by a pyramidal algorithm based on convolutions with quadrature mirror filters. The result is a set of sub-band images which consists of a lower resolution version of the original image and a sequence of detail images containing higher spectral information. We used this representation for supervised texture segmentation of polarimetric SAR images acquired by the airborne JPL system. Since the transform generates localized spatial and spectral information simultaneously, texture segmentation can be accomplished by examining the spatial variations of the spectral sub-bands.
{"title":"Texture Segmentation of Sar Images Using the Wavelet Transform","authors":"L. Du, Jong-Sen Lee, S. Mango","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578355","url":null,"abstract":"Multiresolution representation of an image using the wavelet transform is a new and effective approach for the analysis of image information content. The transform can be computed efficiently by a pyramidal algorithm based on convolutions with quadrature mirror filters. The result is a set of sub-band images which consists of a lower resolution version of the original image and a sequence of detail images containing higher spectral information. We used this representation for supervised texture segmentation of polarimetric SAR images acquired by the airborne JPL system. Since the transform generates localized spatial and spectral information simultaneously, texture segmentation can be accomplished by examining the spatial variations of the spectral sub-bands.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122904307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576718
H. Zebker, J. Villasenor, S. Madsen
A radar interferometric technique for topographic mapping of sur- faces promises a high resolution, globally consistent approach to gen- eration of digital elevation models. Utilizing a single synthetic aper- ture radar satellite in a nearly repeating orbit is attractive for cost and spaceborne hardware complexity reasons; also it permits infer- ence of changes in the surface from the correlation properties of the radar echoes. We illustrate the technique with maps generated from SEASAT and ERS-1 data. We have analyzed a SEASAT interferomet- ric image of a forested area in Oregon which includes some unvegetated lava flows. We also present an analysis of errors expected from appli- cation of the technique to maps generated from ERS-1 data collected over Alaska; as of the time of this writing we have not yet generated the maps themselves. Finally we outline an orbital scenario for a global mapping mission.
{"title":"Topographic Mapping From ERS-1 And Seasat Radar Interferometry","authors":"H. Zebker, J. Villasenor, S. Madsen","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576718","url":null,"abstract":"A radar interferometric technique for topographic mapping of sur- faces promises a high resolution, globally consistent approach to gen- eration of digital elevation models. Utilizing a single synthetic aper- ture radar satellite in a nearly repeating orbit is attractive for cost and spaceborne hardware complexity reasons; also it permits infer- ence of changes in the surface from the correlation properties of the radar echoes. We illustrate the technique with maps generated from SEASAT and ERS-1 data. We have analyzed a SEASAT interferomet- ric image of a forested area in Oregon which includes some unvegetated lava flows. We also present an analysis of errors expected from appli- cation of the technique to maps generated from ERS-1 data collected over Alaska; as of the time of this writing we have not yet generated the maps themselves. Finally we outline an orbital scenario for a global mapping mission.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114395876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578532
G. Odhiambo
{"title":"Error Effects on Bayesian Reconstruction of Subsurface Radar Images","authors":"G. Odhiambo","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114518350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576729
A. Guerra, K. McDonald, J. Way
The design and implementation of a dielectric measurement system that facilitates the automated and continuous in situ monitoring of the dielectric properties of several canopy constituents is presented. This system utilizes the same coaxial line reflection coefficient measurement technique as the portable dielectric probe (PDP) while incorporating several features that facilitate the automated monitoring of canopy dielectric properties. The new system is capable of continuously monitoring the dielectric properties of the canopy constituents in a near-simultaneous fashion. The implementation of a data logger as a user interface has increased the number of measurements that the instrument is able to store in memory while significantly improving system reliability.
{"title":"Improved Instrumemtation For Monitoring The Diurnal And Seasonal Cycles In The Dielectric Properties Of Forest Canopies","authors":"A. Guerra, K. McDonald, J. Way","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576729","url":null,"abstract":"The design and implementation of a dielectric measurement system that facilitates the automated and continuous in situ monitoring of the dielectric properties of several canopy constituents is presented. This system utilizes the same coaxial line reflection coefficient measurement technique as the portable dielectric probe (PDP) while incorporating several features that facilitate the automated monitoring of canopy dielectric properties. The new system is capable of continuously monitoring the dielectric properties of the canopy constituents in a near-simultaneous fashion. The implementation of a data logger as a user interface has increased the number of measurements that the instrument is able to store in memory while significantly improving system reliability.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578290
C. Dambra, D. Giusto
A new approach to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image segmentation based on the use of textural data exploitation is presented. As an efficient way to characterize natural surfaces is to measure their textural features, so a number of textural ("virtual") data are extracted from the original pictures by means of some numerical transformations. The segmentation has been carried out by integrating the hierarchical-clustering and the region-growing approaches into a new technique. Preliminary results on JPL/SAR images are reported and discussed.
{"title":"Region Detection in Sar Images by Adaptive Textural Segmentation","authors":"C. Dambra, D. Giusto","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578290","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image segmentation based on the use of textural data exploitation is presented. As an efficient way to characterize natural surfaces is to measure their textural features, so a number of textural (\"virtual\") data are extracted from the original pictures by means of some numerical transformations. The segmentation has been carried out by integrating the hierarchical-clustering and the region-growing approaches into a new technique. Preliminary results on JPL/SAR images are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122204473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576804
S. D. Steams
This paper presents a novel and effective approach for lossless compression of seismic data. The lossless compression algorithm consists of two stages. The first stage is a modified linear predictor with discrete coefficients and the second stage is a bi-level sequence coding scheme in which two sample sizes are chosen and the predictor residue sequence is encoded into subsequences that alternate from one level to the other. The key feature of the two-stage algorithm is that it provides exact, bit for bit reconstruction of the original data, without any numerical noise added during decompression.
{"title":"A Technique For Lossless Compression Of Seismic Data","authors":"S. D. Steams","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel and effective approach for lossless compression of seismic data. The lossless compression algorithm consists of two stages. The first stage is a modified linear predictor with discrete coefficients and the second stage is a bi-level sequence coding scheme in which two sample sizes are chosen and the predictor residue sequence is encoded into subsequences that alternate from one level to the other. The key feature of the two-stage algorithm is that it provides exact, bit for bit reconstruction of the original data, without any numerical noise added during decompression.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117278417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578405
T. Grenfell, D. Winebrenner, M. Wensnahan
Abstract This paper describes surface based passive microwave observations of simulated pancake ice and of a first year pressure ridge. The observed emissivity spectra are quite similar to those observed on several field experiments in the polar regions. Certain spectral features such as a maximum emissivity at 37 GHz for pancake ice and a polarization ratio very close to zero for ridged ice are distinct from those of new, young, and first‐year ice. They suggest possible signatures which may help to characterize these ice types using passive microwave techniques.
{"title":"Passive Microwave Signatures of Simulated Pancake Ice and Young Pressure Ridges","authors":"T. Grenfell, D. Winebrenner, M. Wensnahan","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578405","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes surface based passive microwave observations of simulated pancake ice and of a first year pressure ridge. The observed emissivity spectra are quite similar to those observed on several field experiments in the polar regions. Certain spectral features such as a maximum emissivity at 37 GHz for pancake ice and a polarization ratio very close to zero for ridged ice are distinct from those of new, young, and first‐year ice. They suggest possible signatures which may help to characterize these ice types using passive microwave techniques.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578312
S. Nghiem, R. Kwok, M. Drinkwater
Data were collected in March 1988 with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Full covariance matrices were obtained from the scattering data with proper consideration of the polarimetric calibration. Images were processed to form the sea ice scenes in the Beaufort sea. These scenes contain various ice types including thin ice, thick first-year ice, and multiyear ice. Sea ice was modeled as a layer random medium and the polarimetric backscattering coefficients were calculated under the distorted Born approximation with effective permittivities obtained from the strong fluctuation theory. Sea ice signatures remotely observed by the JPL SAR over the Beaufort sea ice scenes were interpreted by comparing their behavior at different incident angles with results obtained from the theoretical model.
{"title":"Polarimetric Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Beaufort Sea","authors":"S. Nghiem, R. Kwok, M. Drinkwater","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578312","url":null,"abstract":"Data were collected in March 1988 with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Full covariance matrices were obtained from the scattering data with proper consideration of the polarimetric calibration. Images were processed to form the sea ice scenes in the Beaufort sea. These scenes contain various ice types including thin ice, thick first-year ice, and multiyear ice. Sea ice was modeled as a layer random medium and the polarimetric backscattering coefficients were calculated under the distorted Born approximation with effective permittivities obtained from the strong fluctuation theory. Sea ice signatures remotely observed by the JPL SAR over the Beaufort sea ice scenes were interpreted by comparing their behavior at different incident angles with results obtained from the theoretical model.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578863
H. Urkowitz, N. J. Bucci
The use of complementary binary phase codes in a pulse compression radar system provides a way to reduce received clutter power from range sidelobes. Complementary codes are such that perfect cancellation of range sidelobes occurs under zero or known doppler frequency shift. However, like other forms of sidelobe suppression, complementary codes are extremely sensitive to doppler phase shifts across the return pulse. The usefulness of these codes is therefore limited by this sensitivity to doppler. We offer a processing technique for alleviating this sensitivity. The method consists of transmitting a set of pulses; half of them modulated with one of the pair of complemenatary phase codes and the other half of the sequence modulated with the other of the pair. The processing consists of pulse to pulse doppler filtering and each doppler filter output having the doppler phase shift along the pulse removed by heterodying with a wave having the opposite doppler frequency. INTRODUCTION Dispersed pulse transmission and pulse compression upon reception is frequently used in radar to achieve high energy per pulse with low peak power while maintaining large bandwidth for fine range resolution. The fine range resolution is obtained in the receiver by pulse compression or matched filtering. Matched filtering results in range sidelobes that can be troublesome in an environment of extended scatterers (such as preceipitation and other meteorological phenomena). The reason is echo “flooding” into the measurement of their properties. While we have investigated other means for sidelobe suppression, we offer here an alternative that can suppress these sidelobes to a very low level. This alternative uses paris of complementary sequences. Dopper Tolerant Sidelobe Elimination Basic complementary sequences are pairs of biphase sequences with the property that the sum of the time autocorrelation functions (obtained with pulse compression) has no sidelobes outside of the main lobe. This is illustrated in Figure 1. The absence of range sidelobes is a very desirable trait, but complete suppression of these sidelobes depends on the absence of a doppler frequency shift or the knowledge of the doppler shift so that it can be compensated. The technique for range sidelobe elimination involves the separation of the echo sequences into their respective doppler bins before matched filtering so that doppler tolerance is achieved. A typical transmitted set of pulses is illustrated in Figure 2. Of a total of 2L pulses the first L are modulated with phase code #1 of a complementary pair and the last L are modulated with the second phase code of the complementary pair. This sequence is processed as illustrated in Figure 3. In a digital or discrete time embodiment, the doppler filter bank is achieved by means of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) (usually in the form of a Fast Fourier Transform (FIT) algorithm). The DFT operates on a sequence of L input echoes. L of the echoes come from
{"title":"Using Complementary Sequences with Doppler Tolerance for Radar Sidelobe Suppression in Meteorological Radar","authors":"H. Urkowitz, N. J. Bucci","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578863","url":null,"abstract":"The use of complementary binary phase codes in a pulse compression radar system provides a way to reduce received clutter power from range sidelobes. Complementary codes are such that perfect cancellation of range sidelobes occurs under zero or known doppler frequency shift. However, like other forms of sidelobe suppression, complementary codes are extremely sensitive to doppler phase shifts across the return pulse. The usefulness of these codes is therefore limited by this sensitivity to doppler. We offer a processing technique for alleviating this sensitivity. The method consists of transmitting a set of pulses; half of them modulated with one of the pair of complemenatary phase codes and the other half of the sequence modulated with the other of the pair. The processing consists of pulse to pulse doppler filtering and each doppler filter output having the doppler phase shift along the pulse removed by heterodying with a wave having the opposite doppler frequency. INTRODUCTION Dispersed pulse transmission and pulse compression upon reception is frequently used in radar to achieve high energy per pulse with low peak power while maintaining large bandwidth for fine range resolution. The fine range resolution is obtained in the receiver by pulse compression or matched filtering. Matched filtering results in range sidelobes that can be troublesome in an environment of extended scatterers (such as preceipitation and other meteorological phenomena). The reason is echo “flooding” into the measurement of their properties. While we have investigated other means for sidelobe suppression, we offer here an alternative that can suppress these sidelobes to a very low level. This alternative uses paris of complementary sequences. Dopper Tolerant Sidelobe Elimination Basic complementary sequences are pairs of biphase sequences with the property that the sum of the time autocorrelation functions (obtained with pulse compression) has no sidelobes outside of the main lobe. This is illustrated in Figure 1. The absence of range sidelobes is a very desirable trait, but complete suppression of these sidelobes depends on the absence of a doppler frequency shift or the knowledge of the doppler shift so that it can be compensated. The technique for range sidelobe elimination involves the separation of the echo sequences into their respective doppler bins before matched filtering so that doppler tolerance is achieved. A typical transmitted set of pulses is illustrated in Figure 2. Of a total of 2L pulses the first L are modulated with phase code #1 of a complementary pair and the last L are modulated with the second phase code of the complementary pair. This sequence is processed as illustrated in Figure 3. In a digital or discrete time embodiment, the doppler filter bank is achieved by means of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) (usually in the form of a Fast Fourier Transform (FIT) algorithm). The DFT operates on a sequence of L input echoes. L of the echoes come from ","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129006833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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