Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576840
T. Nagler, H. Rott
Based on data of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) of the DMSP Satellite over Europe an algorithm was developed for mapping the extent and depth of the snow cover. The algorithm is based on brightness temperature data at 19, 37 and 85 GHz and shows increased sensitivity to thin snow cover compared to previous algorithms.
{"title":"Development And Intercomparisons Of Snow Mapping Algorithms Based On Ssm/i Data","authors":"T. Nagler, H. Rott","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576840","url":null,"abstract":"Based on data of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) of the DMSP Satellite over Europe an algorithm was developed for mapping the extent and depth of the snow cover. The algorithm is based on brightness temperature data at 19, 37 and 85 GHz and shows increased sensitivity to thin snow cover compared to previous algorithms.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578346
R. Li, Huaxiao Si
2.0 Conventional Backpropagation Model This paper deals with the application of neural network approach for pattern classification of remotely-sensed multispectral image data. The ability to classify multispectal data correctly and quickly is very important to the remote sensing community. Previously, the statistical pattern recognition method or the multivariate approach is widely used. However, not all data can be modeled by a convenient multivariate statistical model. The neural network classifier presents a convenient and distribution-free approach to multi-spectral classification. We have used an improved version of the conventional backpropagation model by initializing certain weights using self-organized approach. As a result, the network training time is reduced substantially. Both the methodology of this improved approach and results obtained using multispectral data are presented here.
{"title":"Multi-Spectral Image Classification Using Improved Backpropagation Neural Networks","authors":"R. Li, Huaxiao Si","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578346","url":null,"abstract":"2.0 Conventional Backpropagation Model This paper deals with the application of neural network approach for pattern classification of remotely-sensed multispectral image data. The ability to classify multispectal data correctly and quickly is very important to the remote sensing community. Previously, the statistical pattern recognition method or the multivariate approach is widely used. However, not all data can be modeled by a convenient multivariate statistical model. The neural network classifier presents a convenient and distribution-free approach to multi-spectral classification. We have used an improved version of the conventional backpropagation model by initializing certain weights using self-organized approach. As a result, the network training time is reduced substantially. Both the methodology of this improved approach and results obtained using multispectral data are presented here.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134396746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576653
D. Amsbury, J. Bremer
The authors report on the advantages and disadvantages of a number of camera systems which are currently employed for space shuttle remote sensing operations. Systems discussed include the modified Hasselbad, the Rolleiflex 6008, the Linkof 5-inch format system, and the Nikon F3/F4 systems. Film/filter combinations (color positive films, color infrared films, color negative films and polarization filters) are presented.
{"title":"Recent Developments In Space Shuttle Remote Sensing, Using Hand-held Film Cameras","authors":"D. Amsbury, J. Bremer","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576653","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the advantages and disadvantages of a number of camera systems which are currently employed for space shuttle remote sensing operations. Systems discussed include the modified Hasselbad, the Rolleiflex 6008, the Linkof 5-inch format system, and the Nikon F3/F4 systems. Film/filter combinations (color positive films, color infrared films, color negative films and polarization filters) are presented.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131508142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578887
V. Hesany, R.K. Moore, S. Haimov
Description of Ocean waves usually depends on point measurements of wave height. The important vector slope of the ocean must usually be derived either from point measurements and linear assumptions or from pitch-and-roll buoys that cannot be in the radar footprint. We developed a 35-GHz vector slope gaugehat- terometer using a single switched-beam antenna. It can measure three adjacent height profiles of the ocean, from which we can derive two orthogonal components of the slope. We used the vector slope gauge during the SAXON-FFN experiment in November, 1990. Simultaneous measurements of the orthogonal components of the long-wave slopes and the backscattered power permit determination of the relative contribution to the overall modulation of the radar signal by slope modulation and hydrody- namic modulation of Bragg-resonant ripple amplitude.
{"title":"Comparison of Slope, Wave Height, and Radar Spectra, Slope and Hydrodynamic Modulation of Radar Scatter from the Sea","authors":"V. Hesany, R.K. Moore, S. Haimov","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578887","url":null,"abstract":"Description of Ocean waves usually depends on point measurements of wave height. The important vector slope of the ocean must usually be derived either from point measurements and linear assumptions or from pitch-and-roll buoys that cannot be in the radar footprint. We developed a 35-GHz vector slope gaugehat- terometer using a single switched-beam antenna. It can measure three adjacent height profiles of the ocean, from which we can derive two orthogonal components of the slope. We used the vector slope gauge during the SAXON-FFN experiment in November, 1990. Simultaneous measurements of the orthogonal components of the long-wave slopes and the backscattered power permit determination of the relative contribution to the overall modulation of the radar signal by slope modulation and hydrody- namic modulation of Bragg-resonant ripple amplitude.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131516424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578837
K. Forrest, E. Levine, M. Jhabvala
There are many practical applications of thermal imaging in atmospheric windows where there is little absorption by molecular water; these windows are from 3 to 5 microns and from 8 to 12 microns 111. In the past the 3 to 5 micron waveband has been heavily utilized for thermal imagery, however, sensitivity of thermal imagers and radiometers can be improved by working in the 8 to 12 micron band. We have built an imaging radiometer (8 to 12 microns) using a square-format array of state-of-the-art aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) quantum well detectors. The array performance was evaluated in terms of D*, quantum efficiency and uniformity; then the field-performance of the radiometer was evaluated by flying over varied terrain near Chincoteague, Virginia and obtaining images with resolution of about 1 square meter per pixel. We obtained excellent images even without correcting for pixel response variations. The optimum operating temperature of this array was determined to be approximately 50 K. Although this is too low for many space applications, future improvements in the detectors should significantly raise the operating temperature. At present this type of radiometer is a viable candidate for aircraft experiments.
{"title":"Terrestrial Imaging in the Thermal Infrared Using a Quantum Well Detector Array","authors":"K. Forrest, E. Levine, M. Jhabvala","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578837","url":null,"abstract":"There are many practical applications of thermal imaging in atmospheric windows where there is little absorption by molecular water; these windows are from 3 to 5 microns and from 8 to 12 microns 111. In the past the 3 to 5 micron waveband has been heavily utilized for thermal imagery, however, sensitivity of thermal imagers and radiometers can be improved by working in the 8 to 12 micron band. We have built an imaging radiometer (8 to 12 microns) using a square-format array of state-of-the-art aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) quantum well detectors. The array performance was evaluated in terms of D*, quantum efficiency and uniformity; then the field-performance of the radiometer was evaluated by flying over varied terrain near Chincoteague, Virginia and obtaining images with resolution of about 1 square meter per pixel. We obtained excellent images even without correcting for pixel response variations. The optimum operating temperature of this array was determined to be approximately 50 K. Although this is too low for many space applications, future improvements in the detectors should significantly raise the operating temperature. At present this type of radiometer is a viable candidate for aircraft experiments.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117295196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576711
Aining Li
In this paper the shift variant problem in SAR processing will be described. It is shown how the stolt interpolation is carried out. The implementation of Lagrange’s interpolation and samplin interpolation is presented and analysed. The feasibility o f the algorithms for the SAR application is discussed. The Stolt interpolated data will be demonstrated and compared. Finally the problem of extrapolation in SAR si nal processing is explained and discussed. An algorithm wkch implements the extrapolation is presented.
{"title":"Algoritthms For The Implementation Of STOLT Interpolation In SAR Processing","authors":"Aining Li","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576711","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the shift variant problem in SAR processing will be described. It is shown how the stolt interpolation is carried out. The implementation of Lagrange’s interpolation and samplin interpolation is presented and analysed. The feasibility o f the algorithms for the SAR application is discussed. The Stolt interpolated data will be demonstrated and compared. Finally the problem of extrapolation in SAR si nal processing is explained and discussed. An algorithm wkch implements the extrapolation is presented.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130935693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578340
Zhengxiao Chen, D. Davis, L. Tsang, Jenq-Neng Hwang
The inversion of snow parameters from passive microwave remote sensing measurements is performed with a neural network trained with a dense media multiple scattering model. A constrained iterative inversion scheme is used. Inversion of four parameters has been performed from five brightness temperatures. The four parameters are: mean-grain size of ice particles in snow, snow density, snow temperature and snow depth. The five brightness temperatures are that of 19 GHz vertical polarization, 19 GHz horizontal polarization, 22 GHz vertical polarization, 37 GHz vertical polarization, and 37 GHz horizontal polarization which are available from SSMI satellites. Based on the neural network constrained iterative inversion algorithm, we have also performed synthetic mapping of the terrain. Retrieval of synthetic mapping has been achieved. The incorporation of ground truth information is also considered.
{"title":"Inversion of Snow Parameters by Neural Network with Iterative Inversion","authors":"Zhengxiao Chen, D. Davis, L. Tsang, Jenq-Neng Hwang","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578340","url":null,"abstract":"The inversion of snow parameters from passive microwave remote sensing measurements is performed with a neural network trained with a dense media multiple scattering model. A constrained iterative inversion scheme is used. Inversion of four parameters has been performed from five brightness temperatures. The four parameters are: mean-grain size of ice particles in snow, snow density, snow temperature and snow depth. The five brightness temperatures are that of 19 GHz vertical polarization, 19 GHz horizontal polarization, 22 GHz vertical polarization, 37 GHz vertical polarization, and 37 GHz horizontal polarization which are available from SSMI satellites. Based on the neural network constrained iterative inversion algorithm, we have also performed synthetic mapping of the terrain. Retrieval of synthetic mapping has been achieved. The incorporation of ground truth information is also considered.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133099762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578414
M. Parikh, S. Gogineni
Radar backscatter measurements were performed by the University of Kansas Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laborato- ry (RSL) from a helicopter as a part of KUREX-91. The measure- ments occurred during a period of three weeks in July 1991. A radar operating at 4.3 GHz with HH polarization collected data at incidence angles from 20" to 50". Data were from three flight lines consisting of agriculture and natural vegetation-covered soils. In addition to scatterometer measurements, detailed observations were made of the soil moisture and vegetation characteristics over selected sites along the flight lines. Some of the scatterometer measurements were performed to coincide with the Soviet Almaz satellite overpasses. Preliminary observations of the scatterometer campaign are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Radar Backscatter Measurements As a Part of Kurex-91","authors":"M. Parikh, S. Gogineni","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578414","url":null,"abstract":"Radar backscatter measurements were performed by the University of Kansas Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laborato- ry (RSL) from a helicopter as a part of KUREX-91. The measure- ments occurred during a period of three weeks in July 1991. A radar operating at 4.3 GHz with HH polarization collected data at incidence angles from 20\" to 50\". Data were from three flight lines consisting of agriculture and natural vegetation-covered soils. In addition to scatterometer measurements, detailed observations were made of the soil moisture and vegetation characteristics over selected sites along the flight lines. Some of the scatterometer measurements were performed to coincide with the Soviet Almaz satellite overpasses. Preliminary observations of the scatterometer campaign are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133139588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578358
R.P.H.M. Schoenmakers, G. Wilkinson, T. Schouten
A method is described €or remotely sensed image segmentation based on the integration of edge detection and region growing approaches. The method is designed for full exploitation of parallel processing. The initial edge detection and contour following procedures are perfomed on separate image sub-scenes. These procedures then generate separate and independent sub-areas of the image which can then be used for best-merge region-growing without mutual interference. These sub-areas can be handled by separate computer processors. A network of T-800 transputers is being used for this purpose.
{"title":"Multi-Tempom Image Segmentation Using a Distributed-Memory Parallel Computer","authors":"R.P.H.M. Schoenmakers, G. Wilkinson, T. Schouten","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578358","url":null,"abstract":"A method is described €or remotely sensed image segmentation based on the integration of edge detection and region growing approaches. The method is designed for full exploitation of parallel processing. The initial edge detection and contour following procedures are perfomed on separate image sub-scenes. These procedures then generate separate and independent sub-areas of the image which can then be used for best-merge region-growing without mutual interference. These sub-areas can be handled by separate computer processors. A network of T-800 transputers is being used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123182270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578832
T. Cooley, J. Reagan
Recent technological advances on several fronts offer the possibility for relatively low-cost, eye-safe visible-wavelength lidar systems for autonomous aerosol/environmental monitoring applications. Improved silicon photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes that have become available offer high-quantum-efficiency detection at very low dark counts (10 to 1000 count/s) and can be used in a photon counting mode for signal plus background and dark current photoelectron count rates of megahertz. The essential requirements and features of a possible lidar system that capitalizes on technical advances on several fronts are outlined. A baseline lidar system is suggested for monitoring tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols. Sensitivity to wavelength, background radiation, detector characteristics, and other system parameters is discussed for several simulated data sets.
{"title":"Eye-Safe Visible Wavelength Lidar","authors":"T. Cooley, J. Reagan","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578832","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advances on several fronts offer the possibility for relatively low-cost, eye-safe visible-wavelength lidar systems for autonomous aerosol/environmental monitoring applications. Improved silicon photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes that have become available offer high-quantum-efficiency detection at very low dark counts (10 to 1000 count/s) and can be used in a photon counting mode for signal plus background and dark current photoelectron count rates of megahertz. The essential requirements and features of a possible lidar system that capitalizes on technical advances on several fronts are outlined. A baseline lidar system is suggested for monitoring tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols. Sensitivity to wavelength, background radiation, detector characteristics, and other system parameters is discussed for several simulated data sets.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131404521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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