Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578889
G. A. Jensen, J. Vesecky, R. Glazman
We have investigated the role of sharply peaked waves as a major Ocean scattering mechanism for radar. We constructed a prototype 3-dimensional wedge-like wave shape and analyzed how it scatters. Using results from the theory of the statistical geometry of the Ocean surface we estimate how may such wedges there are per unit area, as a function of sea conditions. Taking into account a directional distribution of the wedges, we estimated the total radar cross section due to wedge diffiraction effects. At large incidence angles wedge diffraction appears to be able to account for a significant amount of the radar cross section on the Ocean surface. This work is a major change from previous work in two ways. First, the wedge-like wave shape used here is a more realistic representation of sharply-peaked waves and second, the scale-size and spatial density of the wedge-like waves is computed directly from the wave-height spectrum.
{"title":"Diffraction from Sharply Peaked Waves As an Ocean Surface Scattering Mechanism","authors":"G. A. Jensen, J. Vesecky, R. Glazman","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578889","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the role of sharply peaked waves as a major Ocean scattering mechanism for radar. We constructed a prototype 3-dimensional wedge-like wave shape and analyzed how it scatters. Using results from the theory of the statistical geometry of the Ocean surface we estimate how may such wedges there are per unit area, as a function of sea conditions. Taking into account a directional distribution of the wedges, we estimated the total radar cross section due to wedge diffiraction effects. At large incidence angles wedge diffraction appears to be able to account for a significant amount of the radar cross section on the Ocean surface. This work is a major change from previous work in two ways. First, the wedge-like wave shape used here is a more realistic representation of sharply-peaked waves and second, the scale-size and spatial density of the wedge-like waves is computed directly from the wave-height spectrum.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129126482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578482
V. Etkin, V.G. Irisov, Y. Trokhimovsky
{"title":"Resonant Radiothermal Emission of Water Surface with Non-Small Periodic Roughness","authors":"V. Etkin, V.G. Irisov, Y. Trokhimovsky","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130318227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578489
P. Meyer
Registration and geocoding of remote sensing data and ground truth is necessary in numerous applications. An often applied technique consists in a resampling procedure regardless of well known disadavantages. Here quantitative results are presented to show the influence of geometric transformation and radiometric interpolation on the data with emphasis on the influence on a single object. The study was carried out with data from a DAEDALUS AADS 1268 ATM airborne multispectral scanner. Test measurements are based on morphologic and internal descriptors. It can be shown, that even for the nearest neighbor algorithm, the changes of the radiometric properties of an object in such a dataset are not negligible. The geometric reliability does not seem to be satisfying, even for the case of a cubic convolution algorithm.
{"title":"Empirical Quality Assessment: Effect of Resampling on Geometric and Radiometric Data Quality Using a Regionbased Approach","authors":"P. Meyer","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578489","url":null,"abstract":"Registration and geocoding of remote sensing data and ground truth is necessary in numerous applications. An often applied technique consists in a resampling procedure regardless of well known disadavantages. Here quantitative results are presented to show the influence of geometric transformation and radiometric interpolation on the data with emphasis on the influence on a single object. The study was carried out with data from a DAEDALUS AADS 1268 ATM airborne multispectral scanner. Test measurements are based on morphologic and internal descriptors. It can be shown, that even for the nearest neighbor algorithm, the changes of the radiometric properties of an object in such a dataset are not negligible. The geometric reliability does not seem to be satisfying, even for the case of a cubic convolution algorithm.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"68 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126970647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576815
R. Feind, S. Christopher, R. Welch
High spectral and spatial resolution Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery is used to study the effects of spatial resolution upon fair weather cumulus cloud optical thickness retrievals. As a preprocessing step, a variation of the Gao and Goetz three-band ratio technique is used to discriminate clouds from the background. The combination of the elimination of cloud shadow pixels and using the first derivative of the histogram allows for accurate cloud edge discrimination. The data are progressively degraded from 20 m to 960 m spatial resolution. The results show that retrieved cloud area increases with decreasing spatial resolution. The results also show that there is a monotonic decrease in retrieved cloud optical thickness with decreasing spatial resolution. It is also demonstrated that the use of a single, monospectral reflectance threshold is inadequate for identifying cloud pixels in fair weather cumulus scenes and presumably in any inhomogeneous cloud field. Cloud edges have a distribution of reflectance thresholds. The incorrect identification of cloud edges significantly impacts the accurate retrieval of cloud optical thickness values.
{"title":"The Effect Of Spatial Resolution Upon Cloud Optical Property Retrievals Part I: Optical Thickness","authors":"R. Feind, S. Christopher, R. Welch","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576815","url":null,"abstract":"High spectral and spatial resolution Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery is used to study the effects of spatial resolution upon fair weather cumulus cloud optical thickness retrievals. As a preprocessing step, a variation of the Gao and Goetz three-band ratio technique is used to discriminate clouds from the background. The combination of the elimination of cloud shadow pixels and using the first derivative of the histogram allows for accurate cloud edge discrimination. The data are progressively degraded from 20 m to 960 m spatial resolution. The results show that retrieved cloud area increases with decreasing spatial resolution. The results also show that there is a monotonic decrease in retrieved cloud optical thickness with decreasing spatial resolution. It is also demonstrated that the use of a single, monospectral reflectance threshold is inadequate for identifying cloud pixels in fair weather cumulus scenes and presumably in any inhomogeneous cloud field. Cloud edges have a distribution of reflectance thresholds. The incorrect identification of cloud edges significantly impacts the accurate retrieval of cloud optical thickness values.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129101008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576798
Y. Desnos, F. Seifert, M. Loiselet
In view of the growing number of Synthetic Aperture Radar instruments flying (ERS-1, NASA DC8 SAR) or to be flown (JERS-1, SIR-C, RADARSAT) and considering commonalities in tools for Calibration/Validation, a Unix workstation dedicated to SAR engineering Calibration and Validation has been developed at ESTEC(XR1). The workstation software has been designed to be able to handle different data formats and to decode the engineering parameters of the instrument. The user has interactively access to a full range of display from full resolution images to images of the full swath in compressed format in order to select point or distributed targets for further analysis. Quality analysis part of the software is used on point targets to characterise the Impulse Response Function of the instrument: resolution, peak side lobe ratio, integrated sidelobe ratio and signal to background. Calibration part of the software corrects for polarimetric SAR instruments relative channel imbalance (amplitude and phase) and cross-talk using calibration targets and/or distributed targets. For both conventional SAR and polarimetric SAR absolute calibration constants might be derived from two integral methods or a peak estimation method. Quality analysis and calibration results from ESA ERS-1 SAR data are presented and equivalent results from NASA DC8 SAR are discussed.
鉴于越来越多的合成孔径雷达仪器正在飞行(ERS-1, NASA DC8 SAR)或即将飞行(JERS-1, SIR-C, RADARSAT)，并考虑到校准/验证工具的通用性，ESTEC(XR1)开发了专用于SAR工程校准和验证的Unix工作站。工作站软件设计为能够处理不同的数据格式和解码仪器的工程参数。用户可以交互式地访问从全分辨率图像到压缩格式的全幅图像的全范围显示，以便选择点或分布式目标进行进一步分析。软件的质量分析部分用于点目标，以表征仪器的脉冲响应函数:分辨率，峰值旁瓣比，综合旁瓣比和信号与背景。校准部分的软件校正极化SAR仪器的相对通道不平衡(幅度和相位)和串扰使用校准目标和/或分布式目标。对于常规SAR和极化SAR，绝对定标常数可由两种积分法或峰估计法求得。给出了ESA ERS-1 SAR数据的质量分析和校准结果，并讨论了NASA DC8 SAR数据的等效结果。
{"title":"A Workstation For Ers-1 / J-ers-1 / Multifrequency Polarimetric Sar Calibration And Validation","authors":"Y. Desnos, F. Seifert, M. Loiselet","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576798","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the growing number of Synthetic Aperture Radar instruments flying (ERS-1, NASA DC8 SAR) or to be flown (JERS-1, SIR-C, RADARSAT) and considering commonalities in tools for Calibration/Validation, a Unix workstation dedicated to SAR engineering Calibration and Validation has been developed at ESTEC(XR1). The workstation software has been designed to be able to handle different data formats and to decode the engineering parameters of the instrument. The user has interactively access to a full range of display from full resolution images to images of the full swath in compressed format in order to select point or distributed targets for further analysis. Quality analysis part of the software is used on point targets to characterise the Impulse Response Function of the instrument: resolution, peak side lobe ratio, integrated sidelobe ratio and signal to background. Calibration part of the software corrects for polarimetric SAR instruments relative channel imbalance (amplitude and phase) and cross-talk using calibration targets and/or distributed targets. For both conventional SAR and polarimetric SAR absolute calibration constants might be derived from two integral methods or a peak estimation method. Quality analysis and calibration results from ESA ERS-1 SAR data are presented and equivalent results from NASA DC8 SAR are discussed.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121265463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578891
V. Etkin, K. Litovchenko, A. Smirnov, M. Naumenko
{"title":"Investigations of radar signatures of lake surface with the \"COSMOS-1870\" (\"ALMAZ-0\") SAR","authors":"V. Etkin, K. Litovchenko, A. Smirnov, M. Naumenko","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576791
R. Cordey
Results of modelling are presented of range ambiguities on a spaceborne polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). Using 'interleaved-pulse' polarimetry and no additional pulse coding to suppress ambiguities, simulations have been performed of forest and ocean imaging for different numbers of near-range ambiguous swaths. Even neglecting antenna inter-channel crosstalk, which we expect to be serious in the sidelobes of an antenna's gain pattern, cross-polarised measurements become contaminated by ambiguous co-polarised backscatter. For a realistic antenna sidelobe gain of -20 dB, cross-polarised data over forests are expected to be useable (i.e. below -20 dB), while over the ocean they are likely to be overwhelmed by ambiguous responses. This is a consequence of the steep increase in co-polarised ocean backscatter towards nadir and the weakness of cross-polarised backscatter.
{"title":"Range Ambiguities For A Polarimetric Spaceborne SAR","authors":"R. Cordey","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576791","url":null,"abstract":"Results of modelling are presented of range ambiguities on a spaceborne polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). Using 'interleaved-pulse' polarimetry and no additional pulse coding to suppress ambiguities, simulations have been performed of forest and ocean imaging for different numbers of near-range ambiguous swaths. Even neglecting antenna inter-channel crosstalk, which we expect to be serious in the sidelobes of an antenna's gain pattern, cross-polarised measurements become contaminated by ambiguous co-polarised backscatter. For a realistic antenna sidelobe gain of -20 dB, cross-polarised data over forests are expected to be useable (i.e. below -20 dB), while over the ocean they are likely to be overwhelmed by ambiguous responses. This is a consequence of the steep increase in co-polarised ocean backscatter towards nadir and the weakness of cross-polarised backscatter.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"15 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124437151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576841
R. Davis, R. Jordan, J. Nagle, H. Boyne
This study compares variations in measurements of FM-CW radar backscatter with simulated snow properties from model based on mass and energy transfer and surface energy budgets. The radar frequency ranges from 26.5 - 40 GHz. The backscatter response to wet snow is highly sensitive to fluctuations of the surface energy exchange when the snow has a low liquid water content. Analysis of the net radiation, turbulent exchange and net energy budget in the top few millimeters of snow provides a reasonable explanation of the observed backscatter variations. The near-surface liquid water content simulated by the model does not show the magnitude of changes expected when compared with the radar return. This allows a detailed evaluation of model algorithms, which account for liquid water drainage and evaporation from the surface as well as densification and consolidation of the top snow layer.
{"title":"Comparison Of Millimeter-wave Radar Observations Of Snow With Energy And Mass Transfer Simulation","authors":"R. Davis, R. Jordan, J. Nagle, H. Boyne","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576841","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares variations in measurements of FM-CW radar backscatter with simulated snow properties from model based on mass and energy transfer and surface energy budgets. The radar frequency ranges from 26.5 - 40 GHz. The backscatter response to wet snow is highly sensitive to fluctuations of the surface energy exchange when the snow has a low liquid water content. Analysis of the net radiation, turbulent exchange and net energy budget in the top few millimeters of snow provides a reasonable explanation of the observed backscatter variations. The near-surface liquid water content simulated by the model does not show the magnitude of changes expected when compared with the radar return. This allows a detailed evaluation of model algorithms, which account for liquid water drainage and evaporation from the surface as well as densification and consolidation of the top snow layer.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124134412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576710
C. Y. Chang, M. Y. Jin, J. Curlander
The two-dimensional transfer functions of several synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing algorithms are derived considering the spaceborne SAR environments. The formulation includes the factors of the earth rotation and the antenna squint angles. The resultant transfer functions are explicitly expressed in terms of Doppler centroid frequency and Doppler frequency rate, which can be accurately estimated from the SAR data. Point target simulation results show that the algorithm based on the two-dimensional Fourier transformation outperforms the one-dimensional one for processing data acquired from high squint angles. The two-dimensional Fourier transformation approach appears to be a viable and simple solution for the processor design of future spaceborne SAR systems.
{"title":"SAR Processing Based On The Exact Two-dimensional Transfer Function","authors":"C. Y. Chang, M. Y. Jin, J. Curlander","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576710","url":null,"abstract":"The two-dimensional transfer functions of several synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing algorithms are derived considering the spaceborne SAR environments. The formulation includes the factors of the earth rotation and the antenna squint angles. The resultant transfer functions are explicitly expressed in terms of Doppler centroid frequency and Doppler frequency rate, which can be accurately estimated from the SAR data. Point target simulation results show that the algorithm based on the two-dimensional Fourier transformation outperforms the one-dimensional one for processing data acquired from high squint angles. The two-dimensional Fourier transformation approach appears to be a viable and simple solution for the processor design of future spaceborne SAR systems.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127706046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576632
A. Lopes, S. Goze, E. Nezry
The usual polarimetric speckle filters ophally combine the polarization channels into a single image (Novak and Burl) or only restore the radiometric information (Lee et al.), i.e. the 3 Ihh, I, Ihv intensities in the r e c i p r d case. So the phase differences and the polarization channel correlation coefficients are not restored in the fdtered data. This implies a loss of information compared to the initial data, which contain in the reciprocal case 5 independent real parameters plus 1 absolute phase for 1 look scattering matrix format and 9 independent parameters for multi-look data. In this paper we develop a polarimetric minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter and a polarimetric maximum a posteriori (MAP) filter. For each pixel, one obtains on output of the filtering process either a complex "unspeckled" scattering matrix and 3 local correlation coefficients between the polarization channels for 1 look, or the 9 real parameters of the covariance matrix for multi-look images.
通常的偏振散斑滤波器通过光学方式将偏振通道合并为单个图像(Novak和Burl)，或者仅恢复辐射信息(Lee等人)，即在p / d的情况下，r / d中的3 Ihh, I, Ihv强度。因此，滤波后的数据不能恢复相位差和极化通道相关系数。这意味着与初始数据相比信息丢失，初始数据在倒数情况下包含5个独立实参数加上1个绝对相位，用于1次散射矩阵格式，对于多次数据包含9个独立参数。本文开发了一种极化最小均方误差(MMSE)滤波器和极化最大后验(MAP)滤波器。对于每个像素，在滤波过程的输出中，可以得到一个复杂的“无斑点”散射矩阵和1个look的偏振通道之间的3个局部相关系数，或者是多look图像的协方差矩阵的9个实参数。
{"title":"Polarimetric Speckle Filters For SAR Data","authors":"A. Lopes, S. Goze, E. Nezry","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576632","url":null,"abstract":"The usual polarimetric speckle filters ophally combine the polarization channels into a single image (Novak and Burl) or only restore the radiometric information (Lee et al.), i.e. the 3 Ihh, I, Ihv intensities in the r e c i p r d case. So the phase differences and the polarization channel correlation coefficients are not restored in the fdtered data. This implies a loss of information compared to the initial data, which contain in the reciprocal case 5 independent real parameters plus 1 absolute phase for 1 look scattering matrix format and 9 independent parameters for multi-look data. In this paper we develop a polarimetric minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter and a polarimetric maximum a posteriori (MAP) filter. For each pixel, one obtains on output of the filtering process either a complex \"unspeckled\" scattering matrix and 3 local correlation coefficients between the polarization channels for 1 look, or the 9 real parameters of the covariance matrix for multi-look images.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127751695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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