Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464
J. Tilton
The authors report on the implementation of an interactive tool, called HSEGEXP, to interactively explore the hierarchical segmentation produced by the iterative parallel region growing (IPRG) algorithm to select the best segmentation result. This combination of the HSEGEXP tool with the IPRG algorithm amounts to a computer-assisted image segmentation system guided by human interaction. The initial application of the HSEGEXP tool is in the refinement of ground reference data based on the IPRG/HSEGEXP segmentation of the corresponding remotely sensed image data. The HSEGEXP tool is being used to help evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic 'best' segmentation process under development.
{"title":"Interactive Explorations of Hierarchical Segmentations","authors":"J. Tilton","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the implementation of an interactive tool, called HSEGEXP, to interactively explore the hierarchical segmentation produced by the iterative parallel region growing (IPRG) algorithm to select the best segmentation result. This combination of the HSEGEXP tool with the IPRG algorithm amounts to a computer-assisted image segmentation system guided by human interaction. The initial application of the HSEGEXP tool is in the refinement of ground reference data based on the IPRG/HSEGEXP segmentation of the corresponding remotely sensed image data. The HSEGEXP tool is being used to help evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic 'best' segmentation process under development.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784
M. Jin
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.
{"title":"An Analysis Of The Focusing Performance Of Magellan Sar Image Data","authors":"M. Jin","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132667310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658
N. Kone
Institut de la Carte International de 1a V6g6tation 39, Al16es Jules Guesde -31062 Toulouse Cedex - France
法国图卢兹-31062号，Al16es Jules Guesde
{"title":"A Geometrical Simulation Algorithm For Avhrr Acquisition","authors":"N. Kone","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658","url":null,"abstract":"Institut de la Carte International de 1a V6g6tation 39, Al16es Jules Guesde -31062 Toulouse Cedex - France","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716
Ian G. Cumming, F. Wong, K. Raney
Current SAR processing algorithms incorporate interpolators to perform key functions. It turns out that the interpolators are difficult to implement, and are one of the largest sources of error in the processing. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm which eliminates the use of the interpolation operation, yet achieves accurate range migration correction over the full range swath. The algorithm can handle large apertures and large squints, and has noticeably better phase and geometry accuracy than current algorithms, even when the apertures and squints are high. The new algorithm is called the Differential Range Deramp - Frequency Domain (DRD-FD) Algorithm, because its key operation is to use the linear-FM property of the range chirp to differentially shift the range energy as a function of azimuth frequency, and then to do the remaining range cell migration correction in the two-dimensional frequency domain. In this paper, the new algorithm is described, and simulation results are given to demonstrate its focussing, phase and geometric performance with squinted SAR data. In addition, an image is shown made from SEASAT data.
{"title":"A SAR Processing Algorithm With No Interpolation","authors":"Ian G. Cumming, F. Wong, K. Raney","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716","url":null,"abstract":"Current SAR processing algorithms incorporate interpolators to perform key functions. It turns out that the interpolators are difficult to implement, and are one of the largest sources of error in the processing. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm which eliminates the use of the interpolation operation, yet achieves accurate range migration correction over the full range swath. The algorithm can handle large apertures and large squints, and has noticeably better phase and geometry accuracy than current algorithms, even when the apertures and squints are high. The new algorithm is called the Differential Range Deramp - Frequency Domain (DRD-FD) Algorithm, because its key operation is to use the linear-FM property of the range chirp to differentially shift the range energy as a function of azimuth frequency, and then to do the remaining range cell migration correction in the two-dimensional frequency domain. In this paper, the new algorithm is described, and simulation results are given to demonstrate its focussing, phase and geometric performance with squinted SAR data. In addition, an image is shown made from SEASAT data.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133547167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647
B. Jeon, D. Landgrebe
An absolute classification algorithm is proposed in which the class definition through training samples or otherwise is required only for a particular class of interest. The absolute classification is considered as a problem of unsupervised clustering when one cluster is known initially. The definitions and statistics of the other classes are automatically developed through the weighted unsupervised clustering procedure, which is developed to keep the cluster corresponding to the class of interest from losing its identity as the class of interest. Once all the classes are developed, a conventional relative classifier such as the maximum-likelihood classifier is used in the classification.
{"title":"Absolute Classification with Unsupervised Clustering","authors":"B. Jeon, D. Landgrebe","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647","url":null,"abstract":"An absolute classification algorithm is proposed in which the class definition through training samples or otherwise is required only for a particular class of interest. The absolute classification is considered as a problem of unsupervised clustering when one cluster is known initially. The definitions and statistics of the other classes are automatically developed through the weighted unsupervised clustering procedure, which is developed to keep the cluster corresponding to the class of interest from losing its identity as the class of interest. Once all the classes are developed, a conventional relative classifier such as the maximum-likelihood classifier is used in the classification.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820
U. Kraft, E. Armadillo, B. Albinson, B. Carli, N. Kampfer, K. Kunzi, H. Nett, P. Zimmerman
In order to support the realization of a sub-mm-wave limb sounder instrument for the monitoring of ozone depletion processes in the middle atmosphere, the European Space Agency ESA has initiated a program for the development of critical limb sounder elements. Based on the results obtained within this program, preliminary instrument requirements and specifications for a respresentative receiver are discussed. Furthermore, the selected receiver approach is presented and obtained hardware results are discussed.
{"title":"Sub-millimeterwave Limb Sounding From Space For Monitoring Of Ozone Depletion Processes In The Middle Atmosphere","authors":"U. Kraft, E. Armadillo, B. Albinson, B. Carli, N. Kampfer, K. Kunzi, H. Nett, P. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820","url":null,"abstract":"In order to support the realization of a sub-mm-wave limb sounder instrument for the monitoring of ozone depletion processes in the middle atmosphere, the European Space Agency ESA has initiated a program for the development of critical limb sounder elements. Based on the results obtained within this program, preliminary instrument requirements and specifications for a respresentative receiver are discussed. Furthermore, the selected receiver approach is presented and obtained hardware results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130284744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576661
M. Borgeaud, J. Nell
The Maestro-1 campaign, which was jointly sponsored by ESA and JRC in August 1989, collected SAR data over four European test sites. During the days of the flights, an extensive ground data collection took place for soil, agriculture, and forest parameters on the different test sites. The polarimetric SAR data of the test site “Flevoland” in the Netherlands are used for comparisons with results obtained from theoretical models for rough surface scattering. These models, describing the conventional backscattering coefficients, are extended to include the full polarimetric elements of the covariance matrix. A comparison is given between the theoretical prediction in L- and C-band with the measured backscattering coefficients. Furthermore the mean and standard deviation of the polarimetric correlation factor are shown to carry supplementary information and are used for classification and retrieval of geophysical parameters from bare soil fields.
{"title":"Comparisons Of Theoretical Surface Scattering Models For Polarimetric Microwave Remote Sensing","authors":"M. Borgeaud, J. Nell","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576661","url":null,"abstract":"The Maestro-1 campaign, which was jointly sponsored by ESA and JRC in August 1989, collected SAR data over four European test sites. During the days of the flights, an extensive ground data collection took place for soil, agriculture, and forest parameters on the different test sites. The polarimetric SAR data of the test site “Flevoland” in the Netherlands are used for comparisons with results obtained from theoretical models for rough surface scattering. These models, describing the conventional backscattering coefficients, are extended to include the full polarimetric elements of the covariance matrix. A comparison is given between the theoretical prediction in L- and C-band with the measured backscattering coefficients. Furthermore the mean and standard deviation of the polarimetric correlation factor are shown to carry supplementary information and are used for classification and retrieval of geophysical parameters from bare soil fields.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125609232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576763
H. Shinohara, T. Homma, H. Nohmi
In this paper we describe relationship between L-Band microwave penetration / backscattering characteristics and state of trees. The result of the study shows that there are a substantial correlation between quantitative condition of trees (stand density, total breast height area, total breast height area x mean height) and attenuation / backscattering cross section of L-band microwave.
{"title":"Relation Between L-band Microwave Penetration / Backscattering Characteristics And State Of Trees","authors":"H. Shinohara, T. Homma, H. Nohmi","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576763","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe relationship between L-Band microwave penetration / backscattering characteristics and state of trees. The result of the study shows that there are a substantial correlation between quantitative condition of trees (stand density, total breast height area, total breast height area x mean height) and attenuation / backscattering cross section of L-band microwave.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576832
A. Lopes, E. Mougin, A. Beaudoin, S. Goze, E. Nezry, R. Touzi, M. Karam, A. Fung
The information content of usual SAR data is mainly contained in the radiometric polarization channels i.e. the four Iu, Iw Ihv and 1.h backscattered intensities. For polarimetric data, additional information 1s contained in the extrema of the degree of polarization (l). In the case of clutter, polarimetric information is given by the four complex degrees of coherence, from which the mean Polarization Phase differences (PPD), correlation coefficients or degrees of polarization can be deduced. As for radiometric features, the polarimeric parameters are corrupted by multiplicative speckle noise and by some sensor effects. The purpose of this paper is to relate the (PPD) distribution to the sensor, speckle and terrain properties. Finally some experimental results on the variation of the terrain hh/w mean phase difference and of the magnitude of the degree of coherence observed on bare soil and on different pine forest stands are given.
{"title":"Phase Difference Statistics Related To Sensor And Forest Parameters","authors":"A. Lopes, E. Mougin, A. Beaudoin, S. Goze, E. Nezry, R. Touzi, M. Karam, A. Fung","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576832","url":null,"abstract":"The information content of usual SAR data is mainly contained in the radiometric polarization channels i.e. the four Iu, Iw Ihv and 1.h backscattered intensities. For polarimetric data, additional information 1s contained in the extrema of the degree of polarization (l). In the case of clutter, polarimetric information is given by the four complex degrees of coherence, from which the mean Polarization Phase differences (PPD), correlation coefficients or degrees of polarization can be deduced. As for radiometric features, the polarimeric parameters are corrupted by multiplicative speckle noise and by some sensor effects. The purpose of this paper is to relate the (PPD) distribution to the sensor, speckle and terrain properties. Finally some experimental results on the variation of the terrain hh/w mean phase difference and of the magnitude of the degree of coherence observed on bare soil and on different pine forest stands are given.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129130036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576691
R. Bamler, H. Runge, U. Steinbrecher
The paper describes a distributed target S A R raw data simulator that converts range compressed raw data of an existing sensor to those of a new sensor with specified parameters. This is performed by azimuth bandpass filtering and decimation. The method allows to introduce nearly arbitrarily high Doppler centroid variations in both range and azimuth. The algorithm design and the properties of the simulated data are discussed in detail. The required bandpass filter kernel is short and of simple triangular shape. Simulated X-SAR raw data and a focused image are presented.
本文描述了一种分布式目标S - a - R原始数据模拟器，该模拟器将现有传感器的距离压缩原始数据转换为具有指定参数的新传感器的原始数据。这是通过方位带通滤波和抽取来实现的。该方法允许在距离和方位角上引入几乎任意高的多普勒质心变化。详细讨论了算法设计和仿真数据的特性。所需要的带通滤波器核短且为简单的三角形。给出了模拟的X-SAR原始数据和聚焦图像。
{"title":"A Distributed Target Sar Raw Data Simulator With Arbitrary Doppler Variation","authors":"R. Bamler, H. Runge, U. Steinbrecher","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576691","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a distributed target S A R raw data simulator that converts range compressed raw data of an existing sensor to those of a new sensor with specified parameters. This is performed by azimuth bandpass filtering and decimation. The method allows to introduce nearly arbitrarily high Doppler centroid variations in both range and azimuth. The algorithm design and the properties of the simulated data are discussed in detail. The required bandpass filter kernel is short and of simple triangular shape. Simulated X-SAR raw data and a focused image are presented.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131626157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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