Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464
J. Tilton
The authors report on the implementation of an interactive tool, called HSEGEXP, to interactively explore the hierarchical segmentation produced by the iterative parallel region growing (IPRG) algorithm to select the best segmentation result. This combination of the HSEGEXP tool with the IPRG algorithm amounts to a computer-assisted image segmentation system guided by human interaction. The initial application of the HSEGEXP tool is in the refinement of ground reference data based on the IPRG/HSEGEXP segmentation of the corresponding remotely sensed image data. The HSEGEXP tool is being used to help evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic 'best' segmentation process under development.
{"title":"Interactive Explorations of Hierarchical Segmentations","authors":"J. Tilton","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578464","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the implementation of an interactive tool, called HSEGEXP, to interactively explore the hierarchical segmentation produced by the iterative parallel region growing (IPRG) algorithm to select the best segmentation result. This combination of the HSEGEXP tool with the IPRG algorithm amounts to a computer-assisted image segmentation system guided by human interaction. The initial application of the HSEGEXP tool is in the refinement of ground reference data based on the IPRG/HSEGEXP segmentation of the corresponding remotely sensed image data. The HSEGEXP tool is being used to help evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic 'best' segmentation process under development.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784
M. Jin
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.
{"title":"An Analysis Of The Focusing Performance Of Magellan Sar Image Data","authors":"M. Jin","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576784","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) focusing can be achieved either based on accurate ephemeris data or on an autofocusing process. For the Magellan project, such a decision must be made in the early phase of Magellan SAR system design. The analysis of the emphemeris requirement is complicated. The analysis given by the author leads to the conclusion that empheris data obtained from the Magellan navigation system provide sufficient accuracy to meet the Magellan image resolution requirement.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132667310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658
N. Kone
Institut de la Carte International de 1a V6g6tation 39, Al16es Jules Guesde -31062 Toulouse Cedex - France
法国图卢兹-31062号，Al16es Jules Guesde
{"title":"A Geometrical Simulation Algorithm For Avhrr Acquisition","authors":"N. Kone","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576658","url":null,"abstract":"Institut de la Carte International de 1a V6g6tation 39, Al16es Jules Guesde -31062 Toulouse Cedex - France","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716
Ian G. Cumming, F. Wong, K. Raney
Current SAR processing algorithms incorporate interpolators to perform key functions. It turns out that the interpolators are difficult to implement, and are one of the largest sources of error in the processing. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm which eliminates the use of the interpolation operation, yet achieves accurate range migration correction over the full range swath. The algorithm can handle large apertures and large squints, and has noticeably better phase and geometry accuracy than current algorithms, even when the apertures and squints are high. The new algorithm is called the Differential Range Deramp - Frequency Domain (DRD-FD) Algorithm, because its key operation is to use the linear-FM property of the range chirp to differentially shift the range energy as a function of azimuth frequency, and then to do the remaining range cell migration correction in the two-dimensional frequency domain. In this paper, the new algorithm is described, and simulation results are given to demonstrate its focussing, phase and geometric performance with squinted SAR data. In addition, an image is shown made from SEASAT data.
{"title":"A SAR Processing Algorithm With No Interpolation","authors":"Ian G. Cumming, F. Wong, K. Raney","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576716","url":null,"abstract":"Current SAR processing algorithms incorporate interpolators to perform key functions. It turns out that the interpolators are difficult to implement, and are one of the largest sources of error in the processing. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm which eliminates the use of the interpolation operation, yet achieves accurate range migration correction over the full range swath. The algorithm can handle large apertures and large squints, and has noticeably better phase and geometry accuracy than current algorithms, even when the apertures and squints are high. The new algorithm is called the Differential Range Deramp - Frequency Domain (DRD-FD) Algorithm, because its key operation is to use the linear-FM property of the range chirp to differentially shift the range energy as a function of azimuth frequency, and then to do the remaining range cell migration correction in the two-dimensional frequency domain. In this paper, the new algorithm is described, and simulation results are given to demonstrate its focussing, phase and geometric performance with squinted SAR data. In addition, an image is shown made from SEASAT data.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133547167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647
B. Jeon, D. Landgrebe
An absolute classification algorithm is proposed in which the class definition through training samples or otherwise is required only for a particular class of interest. The absolute classification is considered as a problem of unsupervised clustering when one cluster is known initially. The definitions and statistics of the other classes are automatically developed through the weighted unsupervised clustering procedure, which is developed to keep the cluster corresponding to the class of interest from losing its identity as the class of interest. Once all the classes are developed, a conventional relative classifier such as the maximum-likelihood classifier is used in the classification.
{"title":"Absolute Classification with Unsupervised Clustering","authors":"B. Jeon, D. Landgrebe","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578647","url":null,"abstract":"An absolute classification algorithm is proposed in which the class definition through training samples or otherwise is required only for a particular class of interest. The absolute classification is considered as a problem of unsupervised clustering when one cluster is known initially. The definitions and statistics of the other classes are automatically developed through the weighted unsupervised clustering procedure, which is developed to keep the cluster corresponding to the class of interest from losing its identity as the class of interest. Once all the classes are developed, a conventional relative classifier such as the maximum-likelihood classifier is used in the classification.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820
U. Kraft, E. Armadillo, B. Albinson, B. Carli, N. Kampfer, K. Kunzi, H. Nett, P. Zimmerman
In order to support the realization of a sub-mm-wave limb sounder instrument for the monitoring of ozone depletion processes in the middle atmosphere, the European Space Agency ESA has initiated a program for the development of critical limb sounder elements. Based on the results obtained within this program, preliminary instrument requirements and specifications for a respresentative receiver are discussed. Furthermore, the selected receiver approach is presented and obtained hardware results are discussed.
{"title":"Sub-millimeterwave Limb Sounding From Space For Monitoring Of Ozone Depletion Processes In The Middle Atmosphere","authors":"U. Kraft, E. Armadillo, B. Albinson, B. Carli, N. Kampfer, K. Kunzi, H. Nett, P. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.576820","url":null,"abstract":"In order to support the realization of a sub-mm-wave limb sounder instrument for the monitoring of ozone depletion processes in the middle atmosphere, the European Space Agency ESA has initiated a program for the development of critical limb sounder elements. Based on the results obtained within this program, preliminary instrument requirements and specifications for a respresentative receiver are discussed. Furthermore, the selected receiver approach is presented and obtained hardware results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130284744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578880
N. Chauhan, P. O’neill, D. L. Le Vine, R. Lang, N. Khadr
A radar system based on an HP Network Analyzer has been developed to study the backscatter from vegetation. The antennas are mounted on a 'cherry picker' truck and the radar is operated at L-band for this experiment. Radar measurements of a grass field located at the USDA Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville Maryland, were made during the late fall of 1991. Three trihedral corner reflectors of different s izes were used to calibrate the radar. The radar returns from the grass were measured at three incidence angles. The ground truth and canopy parameters such as blade and stem dimensions, moisture contents of the grass and the soil, blade and stem density, etc. were also measured. These parameters are used in a distorted Born approximation model to compute the backscatter coefficients from the grass layer. The model results are compared with the radar data.
{"title":"L-Band Radar Scattering from Grass","authors":"N. Chauhan, P. O’neill, D. L. Le Vine, R. Lang, N. Khadr","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578880","url":null,"abstract":"A radar system based on an HP Network Analyzer has been developed to study the backscatter from vegetation. The antennas are mounted on a 'cherry picker' truck and the radar is operated at L-band for this experiment. Radar measurements of a grass field located at the USDA Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville Maryland, were made during the late fall of 1991. Three trihedral corner reflectors of different s izes were used to calibrate the radar. The radar returns from the grass were measured at three incidence angles. The ground truth and canopy parameters such as blade and stem dimensions, moisture contents of the grass and the soil, blade and stem density, etc. were also measured. These parameters are used in a distorted Born approximation model to compute the backscatter coefficients from the grass layer. The model results are compared with the radar data.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114061792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578284
J. Daba, M. Bell
Detection and identification of objects in SAR images is complicated by the presence of speckle. This is true for both human and machine detection. We formulate and analyze the performance of maximum likelihood tests for determining the orientation of an object and for discriminating among a set of known objects in a speckled image. We then generalize the tests into three classes of pattern recognition problems, corresponding to orthogonal, antipodal, and biorthogonal signal detection problems. Finally, we compare the performance of these tests to the results of Korwar and Pierce for human interpretation of objects in speckled images.
{"title":"Optimal Object Discrimination and Orientation Determination in Synthetic Aperture Radar Images","authors":"J. Daba, M. Bell","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578284","url":null,"abstract":"Detection and identification of objects in SAR images is complicated by the presence of speckle. This is true for both human and machine detection. We formulate and analyze the performance of maximum likelihood tests for determining the orientation of an object and for discriminating among a set of known objects in a speckled image. We then generalize the tests into three classes of pattern recognition problems, corresponding to orthogonal, antipodal, and biorthogonal signal detection problems. Finally, we compare the performance of these tests to the results of Korwar and Pierce for human interpretation of objects in speckled images.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578869
P. Canuti, G. D'Auria, P. Pampaloni, D. Solimini
Remote sensing techniques can be a very useful method for monitoring hydrological parameters in large watersheds at a relatively low cost. However the operational capability of remote sensing is not yet fully exploited and much research is in progress especially on the use of new sensors and on the algorithms for the extraction of geophysical parameters. A research activity, which aims at a better understanding of the information that can be obtained from multifrequency polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar to be used in hydrology, has been started in the framework of SIR-C/X-SAR Project. The site of Montespertoli (Italy) was imaged three times during the Multisensor Airborne Campaign (MAC 91), carried out in summer 1991 on several sites in Europe, based on NASA/JPL AIRSAR. This paper presents an overview of the experiments which have been carried out during the campaign and a preliminary analysis of the obtained results
{"title":"Mac 91 on Montespertolk an Experiment for Agro-Hydrology","authors":"P. Canuti, G. D'Auria, P. Pampaloni, D. Solimini","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578869","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing techniques can be a very useful method for monitoring hydrological parameters in large watersheds at a relatively low cost. However the operational capability of remote sensing is not yet fully exploited and much research is in progress especially on the use of new sensors and on the algorithms for the extraction of geophysical parameters. A research activity, which aims at a better understanding of the information that can be obtained from multifrequency polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar to be used in hydrology, has been started in the framework of SIR-C/X-SAR Project. The site of Montespertoli (Italy) was imaged three times during the Multisensor Airborne Campaign (MAC 91), carried out in summer 1991 on several sites in Europe, based on NASA/JPL AIRSAR. This paper presents an overview of the experiments which have been carried out during the campaign and a preliminary analysis of the obtained results","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114762337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-26DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578874
S. Saatchi, D. Lin, J. V. Van Zyl
' Retrieval of soil moisture from microwave remote sensing data has become the corner stone of many land surfacelatmospheric interaction and global hydrology studies and scientific plans. Recently, a number of microwave multisensor aircraft experiments has been devised in order to develop and evaluate techniques for soil moisture retrieval. During the MACHYDRO-90 experiment held in Mahantango watershed in central Pennsylvania, JPL AIRSAR multi-frequency and multi-polarization data were collected over an eleven day period. The main objective of this experiment was to map the spatial distribution of soil moisture and its changes with time within a basin. The research basin is a 7 sq km instrumented watershed. The area is confined by mountains with rolling terrain of elevations between 200 and 300 m and intensively cultivated. JPL AIRSAR was flown over the area four times during the experiment in order to acquire multiple incident angle (20°, 30°, 45') at P, L, and C band over a range of soil moisture conditions from 8% to 25% in volumetric unit. The radar returns from corner reflectors deployed in the watershed have been used to calibrate the system for channel imbalance, cross talk and absolute radiometric calibration. The overflight data acquisition was supported by in situ measurements of soil and vegetation parameters.
{"title":"Soil Moisture Mapping Using Sar Imagery","authors":"S. Saatchi, D. Lin, J. V. Van Zyl","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1992.578874","url":null,"abstract":"' Retrieval of soil moisture from microwave remote sensing data has become the corner stone of many land surfacelatmospheric interaction and global hydrology studies and scientific plans. Recently, a number of microwave multisensor aircraft experiments has been devised in order to develop and evaluate techniques for soil moisture retrieval. During the MACHYDRO-90 experiment held in Mahantango watershed in central Pennsylvania, JPL AIRSAR multi-frequency and multi-polarization data were collected over an eleven day period. The main objective of this experiment was to map the spatial distribution of soil moisture and its changes with time within a basin. The research basin is a 7 sq km instrumented watershed. The area is confined by mountains with rolling terrain of elevations between 200 and 300 m and intensively cultivated. JPL AIRSAR was flown over the area four times during the experiment in order to acquire multiple incident angle (20°, 30°, 45') at P, L, and C band over a range of soil moisture conditions from 8% to 25% in volumetric unit. The radar returns from corner reflectors deployed in the watershed have been used to calibrate the system for channel imbalance, cross talk and absolute radiometric calibration. The overflight data acquisition was supported by in situ measurements of soil and vegetation parameters.","PeriodicalId":441591,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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