Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201199
E. R. Thews, G. D. Dockery
The tropospheric electromagnetic parabolic equation routine (TEMPER) has been used extensively in conjunction with system simulations in support of operational US Navy exercises and in various ship's system design tradeoff studies. The theory, features, and performance of TEMPER are described briefly, followed by a discussion of atmospheric measurement and resolution issues. Two high-resolution measurement systems are reviewed. Radar system simulation using environmental information is discussed, and several performance predictions in postulated propagation conditions are presented. Finally, a prototype environmental assessment system designed for use on board AEGIS ships is briefly described.<>
{"title":"Scattering and propagation impacts on shipboard radar systems","authors":"E. R. Thews, G. D. Dockery","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201199","url":null,"abstract":"The tropospheric electromagnetic parabolic equation routine (TEMPER) has been used extensively in conjunction with system simulations in support of operational US Navy exercises and in various ship's system design tradeoff studies. The theory, features, and performance of TEMPER are described briefly, followed by a discussion of atmospheric measurement and resolution issues. Two high-resolution measurement systems are reviewed. Radar system simulation using environmental information is discussed, and several performance predictions in postulated propagation conditions are presented. Finally, a prototype environmental assessment system designed for use on board AEGIS ships is briefly described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125557777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201091
J. Martin, Bernard Mulgrew
The theoretical return signal from aircraft propeller blades is analyzed. The basic theory involved is described, some simulation results are examined, and some practical considerations are discussed. It is shown that the modulation contained in the return signal is a form of frequency modulation and results in a number of sidebands about the center frequency of the target. It has also been shown that the modulation is due to six main variables, four of which are parameters of the propeller blades, one of which depends on the radar, and one of which depends on the aspect angle of the propeller.<>
{"title":"Analysis of the theoretical radar return signal form aircraft propeller blades","authors":"J. Martin, Bernard Mulgrew","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201091","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical return signal from aircraft propeller blades is analyzed. The basic theory involved is described, some simulation results are examined, and some practical considerations are discussed. It is shown that the modulation contained in the return signal is a form of frequency modulation and results in a number of sidebands about the center frequency of the target. It has also been shown that the modulation is due to six main variables, four of which are parameters of the propeller blades, one of which depends on the radar, and one of which depends on the aspect angle of the propeller.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201170
A. Netterstrom
A technique for correction of spectral deformation by preceding the high-power amplifier by predistortion of the digital code before D/A conversion is discussed. Results from some preliminary experiments with the proposed predistortion techniques are presented. A simple test system is considered. How the spectral deformation is measured and how the correction filters are derived and used for predistortion are discussed. The results obtained with and without predistortion are presented and discussed. The implementation of the predistortion technique in a practical radar system is discussed. The main difficulty in this context is to measure the transfer function from which the predistorted code should be derived.<>
{"title":"Using digital pre-distortion to compensate for analog signal processing errors","authors":"A. Netterstrom","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201170","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for correction of spectral deformation by preceding the high-power amplifier by predistortion of the digital code before D/A conversion is discussed. Results from some preliminary experiments with the proposed predistortion techniques are presented. A simple test system is considered. How the spectral deformation is measured and how the correction filters are derived and used for predistortion are discussed. The results obtained with and without predistortion are presented and discussed. The implementation of the predistortion technique in a practical radar system is discussed. The main difficulty in this context is to measure the transfer function from which the predistorted code should be derived.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134331584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201099
M. A. Hasan
The fundamental relationships necessary for the design of SBRs to perform both search and tracking functions are derived. The impact of tracking requirements including track update time, the number of beams required to establish a track and the number of targets kept in track is addressed. The effects of constellation size and background traffic identities are included. The derivation of these relationships is facilitated by introducing a coupling parameter defined as track occupancy, which couples the radar search and track equations for SBR applications. A radar design set is determined for a selected track occupancy or, by specifying one of the radar parameters, the track occupancy is calculated based on the assumption that both modes of operation (search and track) are required. Then, all other parameters can be determined. If the radar is designed to perform either search or track, but not both, the radar sizing is handled in a different way, which is also discussed.<>
{"title":"Impact of tracking requirements on space-based radar (SBR) design","authors":"M. A. Hasan","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201099","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental relationships necessary for the design of SBRs to perform both search and tracking functions are derived. The impact of tracking requirements including track update time, the number of beams required to establish a track and the number of targets kept in track is addressed. The effects of constellation size and background traffic identities are included. The derivation of these relationships is facilitated by introducing a coupling parameter defined as track occupancy, which couples the radar search and track equations for SBR applications. A radar design set is determined for a selected track occupancy or, by specifying one of the radar parameters, the track occupancy is calculated based on the assumption that both modes of operation (search and track) are required. Then, all other parameters can be determined. If the radar is designed to perform either search or track, but not both, the radar sizing is handled in a different way, which is also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"254 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132913995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201102
M. Cohen, M. R. Fox, J. M. Baden
The length 40 to 48 minimum peak sidelobe (MPS) codes have been discovered and enumerated. This discovery was made possible by utilizing innovative, recursive algorithms that make it unnecessary to search large numbers of the 2/sup N/ code possibilities while retaining the efficacy of an exhaustive search. It is noted that there are no length 49 or 50 biphase codes with peak sidelobes of three or less. The discovered MPS codes are analyzed for: (1) various properties such as Doppler tolerance and integrated sidelobe levels relating to pulse compression performance, and (2) various properties that might provide clues for finding longer, well-behaved codes. It is shown that one can obtain about +or-10/sup degrees / per pulse of improved Doppler tolerance by a judicious choice of code.<>
{"title":"Minimum peak sidelobe pulse compression codes","authors":"M. Cohen, M. R. Fox, J. M. Baden","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201102","url":null,"abstract":"The length 40 to 48 minimum peak sidelobe (MPS) codes have been discovered and enumerated. This discovery was made possible by utilizing innovative, recursive algorithms that make it unnecessary to search large numbers of the 2/sup N/ code possibilities while retaining the efficacy of an exhaustive search. It is noted that there are no length 49 or 50 biphase codes with peak sidelobes of three or less. The discovered MPS codes are analyzed for: (1) various properties such as Doppler tolerance and integrated sidelobe levels relating to pulse compression performance, and (2) various properties that might provide clues for finding longer, well-behaved codes. It is shown that one can obtain about +or-10/sup degrees / per pulse of improved Doppler tolerance by a judicious choice of code.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121770678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201183
E. Thomas
In the proposed technique, controlled random phases added to the collimating phases of the elements of an array effectively change the aperture amplitude distribution, from an optical feed, to obtain an ultralow sidelobe antenna pattern. The reduced directive gain due to the random phases corresponds to that of the low sidelobe aperture distribution with the same central peak illumination, while the increase in the RMS sidelobes is sufficiently low in large arrays. Implementation of the technique and its performance evaluation, through computer simulation, are detailed. The work concludes with the results of simulation on a typical implementation.<>
{"title":"Ultra-low side-lobes with optically fed phases array antenna","authors":"E. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201183","url":null,"abstract":"In the proposed technique, controlled random phases added to the collimating phases of the elements of an array effectively change the aperture amplitude distribution, from an optical feed, to obtain an ultralow sidelobe antenna pattern. The reduced directive gain due to the random phases corresponds to that of the low sidelobe aperture distribution with the same central peak illumination, while the increase in the RMS sidelobes is sufficiently low in large arrays. Implementation of the technique and its performance evaluation, through computer simulation, are detailed. The work concludes with the results of simulation on a typical implementation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122272242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201181
R. Kley, W.P. Hill, F.D. Lamb
The solid-state phased-array (SSPA) is an active electronically scanned array (AESA) designed and built for airborne radar applications using transmit/receive module hybrid technology. Details of its subassemblies and results of testing the array and its subassemblies are presented. The SSPA T/R (transmit/receiver) modules used a hybrid construction that is labor-intensive and leads to parameter variations. The next generation of modules uses monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices, which will result in more uniform parameters and lower manufacturing cost.<>
{"title":"Solid-state phases array (SSPA) performance","authors":"R. Kley, W.P. Hill, F.D. Lamb","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201181","url":null,"abstract":"The solid-state phased-array (SSPA) is an active electronically scanned array (AESA) designed and built for airborne radar applications using transmit/receive module hybrid technology. Details of its subassemblies and results of testing the array and its subassemblies are presented. The SSPA T/R (transmit/receiver) modules used a hybrid construction that is labor-intensive and leads to parameter variations. The next generation of modules uses monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices, which will result in more uniform parameters and lower manufacturing cost.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127852217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201118
A. Khenchaf, J. Saillard
Based on the harmonic analysis method, discrete spheroidal wave functions are used to achieve a very high spectral resolution. For an N samples vector of the measured signal, the classical Fourier transform discrimination capability is 1/N, while in the method proposed, for the same number of samples, the discrimination capability might attain the value of 2/P, with P as the dimension of the FFT. Additional comparative study of other classical windows (rectangular, Hamming, and Tseng) is made.<>
{"title":"A hyper harmonic resolution by using the discrete prolate spheroidal wave functions","authors":"A. Khenchaf, J. Saillard","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201118","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the harmonic analysis method, discrete spheroidal wave functions are used to achieve a very high spectral resolution. For an N samples vector of the measured signal, the classical Fourier transform discrimination capability is 1/N, while in the method proposed, for the same number of samples, the discrimination capability might attain the value of 2/P, with P as the dimension of the FFT. Additional comparative study of other classical windows (rectangular, Hamming, and Tseng) is made.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115298754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201088
W. L. Cameron, L. K. Leung
A method of decomposing the polarization scattering matrix into parts corresponding to nonreciprocal, asymmetric, and symmetric scatterers is presented. The decomposition is used to classify scattering matrices into one of eleven classes. The decomposition and classification scheme is applied to fully polarimetric, millimeter-wave measurement data. Results for a simple array of scatterers and for a truck are shown.<>
{"title":"Feature motivated polarization scattering matrix decomposition","authors":"W. L. Cameron, L. K. Leung","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201088","url":null,"abstract":"A method of decomposing the polarization scattering matrix into parts corresponding to nonreciprocal, asymmetric, and symmetric scatterers is presented. The decomposition is used to classify scattering matrices into one of eleven classes. The decomposition and classification scheme is applied to fully polarimetric, millimeter-wave measurement data. Results for a simple array of scatterers and for a truck are shown.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.1990.201086
K. C. Indukumar, V. Reddy
It is shown that the effective dimension of the signal subspace collapses in the presence of multipath and may be recovered with subarray averaging. The F-norm (Frobenius norm) of the cross-correlation matrix is proposed as a measure of the correlation between the impinging signals, and an upper bound on this norm, which depicts all the essential features of the true F-norm, is derived. Using this bound, how the correlation between the direct and multipath signals falls with progressive smoothing and how the rate is which it falls depends on the spacing and directions of the sources are studied. Computer simulations are provided to support theoretical predictions. To keep the notation and the analysis simple, the analysis was restricted to two-source models; however, the results extend to signal models with more than two sources.<>
{"title":"Broad-band DOA estimation and beamforming in multipath environment","authors":"K. C. Indukumar, V. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.1990.201086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.1990.201086","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the effective dimension of the signal subspace collapses in the presence of multipath and may be recovered with subarray averaging. The F-norm (Frobenius norm) of the cross-correlation matrix is proposed as a measure of the correlation between the impinging signals, and an upper bound on this norm, which depicts all the essential features of the true F-norm, is derived. Using this bound, how the correlation between the direct and multipath signals falls with progressive smoothing and how the rate is which it falls depends on the spacing and directions of the sources are studied. Computer simulations are provided to support theoretical predictions. To keep the notation and the analysis simple, the analysis was restricted to two-source models; however, the results extend to signal models with more than two sources.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":441674,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Radar","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131021930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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