Investigacion Economica最新文献

Our study models the international remigrations of immigrants in Spain due to the economic recession. This modelling reveals that it is essential to complement the traditional explanatory framework based on human capital theory with other variables that would attenuate the impact of the traditional economic variables. In particular, these variables refer to those related to the costs of losing acquired rights when the host country is abandoned, to the degree to which the immigrants are integrated and also to the immigrant trap related to the increase of poverty.

This paper analyzes the relationship between the production of agricultural foods (cereals and vegetable oils) and the production of energy by using food. The observed increase in economic activities that use energy has had an impulse in the energy industry with higher prices. These prices make profitable the biofuel production, and this encourage the use of cereals for biofuel production, affecting the whole food chain. This research demonstrates that the agricultural foods and energy production system has been in place at least since 2000 and that it remains active or latent depending on the price of energetics. The paper also shows that the temperature variations do not lead the system to an adjustment. To do, this research uses the econometric technique of Dynamic Conditional Correlation, and a new tool, phase synchronization. The use of the latter avoid making assumptions on the distribution or stability of the involved variables.

The effects of financial system on economic growth rate are identified. To do this in an endogenous stochastic growth model with two types of financial systems, efficient and inefficient ones, the effects on growth are studied. This investigation shows that financial inefficiency has a negative impact on growth. A financial regulation through a capital yield tax corrects negative impacts on growth; furthermore, the necessary conditions for growing under this scenario are characterized. An empirical study is carried out in order to verify the relationship between economic growth and financial regulations.

Our study addresses empirical tools that are useful to capture the role of heterogeneities in the labor matching process. We develop an application of our methodology to the Spanish labor market based on the data from the Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (Continuous Sample of Working Lives). These data contain information about the worker and the job that form each job placement, which allows us to group in worker and job segments on the basis of their characteristics. These segments can be also grouped respectively in worker and job clusters, which finally can be combined among them attending to their matching. Those joint clusters (or biclusters) with the highest propensity to match can be considered specific “job creation” markets, whose structure can be studied in detail —for example, analyzing the employment duration—. Our empirical methodology, which can be very versatile in its application (of which we provide several examples), allows showing the important labor market segmentation, and it can be useful for the efficient design of active employment policies, for instance of labor mobility.

This paper studies the association between tax morale and tax equity taking into account its horizontal and vertical dimensions. Although recent researches have considered the same subject, they exhibit several limitations such as the lack of objective measures of tax inequity and a coverage that favors developed countries. Meanwhile, this work presents interesting results by taking the survey conducted by Latinobarómetro (2011) in 18 countries of Latin America and adding the Atkinson-Plotnick and Kakwani indexes for the Personal Income Tax (pit). For instance, we find that not only the low progressivity in the pit and its horizontal inequity are associated with a lower tax morale, but also do they show the highest effects in comparison with other control variables.

This paper focuses in fiscal sustainability in the context of the new economic changes in Cuba. Two approaches are used to assess fiscal position. The first one based on Hakkio and Rush cointegration model for the period 1981-2014 (Hakkio and Rush, 1991). The second one supported on fiscal deficit indicators consistent with the goal of stabilizing debt in terms of gdp with series up to 2011. Findings suggested advancing in structural and institutional reforms in order to achieve fiscal sustainability. The need to include a public debt management framework and a set of indicators oriented to reduce vulnerability in order to improve fiscal policy, was also part of the results obtained.

In this paper we analyze the relation between economic growth and changes in the poverty rates at the state level for the Mexican case. First, we do not find a relationship for all the states between the annual average rate of growth and changes in the poverty rate, either using the alimentary or the patrimony poverty line, during the period between 2000 and 2012. This means that the gains from economic growth have not translated into reductions in poverty. Secondly, by comparing annual changes by quarter for the period 2005-2014, it is possible to observe that only for a few states, economic growth has led to reductions in poverty. At the national level, this implies that the elasticity of poverty with respect to growth is close to the unit. Third, we find that economic growth is related with a larger number of formal employments but not with better wages.

The main purpose of this essay is to develop and implement a methodology for the construction of a regional input-output matrix using a bottom-up approach and compare it to the one made using a top-down approach, using as a case study the state of Sonora in México. We assume that the regional matrix, constructed with using a top-down approach, is inadequate for the comprehension of regional economic behavior and its structural economic and spatial attributes, and therefore it becomes necessary to rely on a bottom-up approach for the construction of regional input-output matrices.

Our main concern is to develop a bottom-up methodology for the construction of regional input-output matrices and to show differences and similarities with the top-down approach, through a statistical assessment based on the statistical association between census data of both regional and national economic structures. Therefore, the main outcomes of this research are: 1) a review of the main methodological features of the debate for the construction of a regional input-output matrix; 2) a methodological proposal for the construction of a regional input-output matrix, using a bottom-top approach, and 3) an statistical assessment of the main differences and similarities between the construction of regional input-output matrices using both approaches, using as a case study the state of Sonora, Mexico.

In this study, spatial information is used to complement the analysis that crime makes an economic theory focused on the availability of police force and judicial efficiency. Particularly, this document analyzes the role that the level of permanent income plays in crimes in a geographical unit and its neighbors, in addition to the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics. An exercise that was applied in the communes of Medellin confirmed the idea that an increase in permanent revenues of 1% reduces crimes in the communes on average by 0.67%. The effect this has on its neighbors is significant and variable. Traditional panel models underestimate the real impact that an increase in income in some neighborhoods has. Robust tests show the accuracy of the results and the adequacy of the model data generating process.