Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831338
Galya Hristova, P. Veleva, M. Dallev
The influence of soil moisture and operational speed of a machine-tractor aggregate on plowing depth were investigated. The study is based on a one-year field try on the territory of Chirpan Region, in the central part of Bulgaria (42°09'07"N25°20'54E). Experiments were conducted on two parcels with sizes – 1000 m length and 45 m width. The technological operation Plowing was carried out with a five-corpus turning plow, aggregated to a tractor with 200 hp at two speeds – 4.5 km/h and 6 km/h. The momentous soil moisture was measured with a soil moist meter AM-128 SOIL in different points of the experimental field before conducting the technological operation. The actual working depth received after the operation with the machine-tractor aggregate was measured using a linear meter. Based on the applied ANOVA it was established that the average values of the parameter Plowing Depth at both aggregate working speeds were statistically significant at a level p < 0.05. The correlation analysis registered strong positive relation between the Aggregate Speed and Plowing Depth (r = 0.923), as well as a strong negative correlation between the Soil Moisture and Aggregate Speed (r = -0.943), and between Soil Moisture and Plowing Depth (r = -0.860). A multivariate regression analysis was applied related to the influence of aggregate s working speed and soil moisture to keep the assigned plowing depth. Two regression models were compared (Linear and Non-linear). According to the received coefficients of determination, the Linear model (R2 = 0.968) described well the relations between the examined parameters, but the Non-linear model was more appropriate (R2 = 0.977). Taking into account the graphics describing the Non-linear regression model it was established that the assigned working depth of the machine-tractor aggregate could be kept at the moisture of 70-80% and aggregate speed of 4.5-5 km/h.
{"title":"A Study related to the influence of the speed of a Machine-tractor aggregate and soil moisture on plowing depth","authors":"Galya Hristova, P. Veleva, M. Dallev","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831338","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of soil moisture and operational speed of a machine-tractor aggregate on plowing depth were investigated. The study is based on a one-year field try on the territory of Chirpan Region, in the central part of Bulgaria (42°09'07\"N25°20'54E). Experiments were conducted on two parcels with sizes – 1000 m length and 45 m width. The technological operation Plowing was carried out with a five-corpus turning plow, aggregated to a tractor with 200 hp at two speeds – 4.5 km/h and 6 km/h. The momentous soil moisture was measured with a soil moist meter AM-128 SOIL in different points of the experimental field before conducting the technological operation. The actual working depth received after the operation with the machine-tractor aggregate was measured using a linear meter. Based on the applied ANOVA it was established that the average values of the parameter Plowing Depth at both aggregate working speeds were statistically significant at a level p < 0.05. The correlation analysis registered strong positive relation between the Aggregate Speed and Plowing Depth (r = 0.923), as well as a strong negative correlation between the Soil Moisture and Aggregate Speed (r = -0.943), and between Soil Moisture and Plowing Depth (r = -0.860). A multivariate regression analysis was applied related to the influence of aggregate s working speed and soil moisture to keep the assigned plowing depth. Two regression models were compared (Linear and Non-linear). According to the received coefficients of determination, the Linear model (R2 = 0.968) described well the relations between the examined parameters, but the Non-linear model was more appropriate (R2 = 0.977). Taking into account the graphics describing the Non-linear regression model it was established that the assigned working depth of the machine-tractor aggregate could be kept at the moisture of 70-80% and aggregate speed of 4.5-5 km/h.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831303
K. Stoilova, T. Stoilov, Stanislav Dimitrov
Bi-level optimization model with two control variables-green light duration and cycle durations is developed in order to decrease the queue lengths of vehicles at crossroads. A comparison of the bi-level solutions with a one-criterion optimization problem is done. An assessment of the comparison is presented giving an advantage to the bi-level optimization model.
{"title":"Assessment of urban traffic control by application of bi-level optimization model","authors":"K. Stoilova, T. Stoilov, Stanislav Dimitrov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831303","url":null,"abstract":"Bi-level optimization model with two control variables-green light duration and cycle durations is developed in order to decrease the queue lengths of vehicles at crossroads. A comparison of the bi-level solutions with a one-criterion optimization problem is done. An assessment of the comparison is presented giving an advantage to the bi-level optimization model.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831242
Kaloyan Ivanov, I. Belovski, A. Aleksandrov
TeGDS is a graphical user interface for design and simulation of thermoelectric generators. It is realized in MATLAB graphic editor. The software provides easy simulation and analysis of the operation of thermoelectric generators depending on temperature, geometry and by describing the temperature-dependent properties of the materials involved in their construction. This simulation tool allows to design a thermoelectric generator with new data for the material and to optimize the geometry by adjusting the parameters. It can also be used to compare experimental data of a new or commercial module in operating conditions.
{"title":"Simulation of Initial Characteristics of Thermoelectric Modules in Generation Mode Realized in MATLAB Environment","authors":"Kaloyan Ivanov, I. Belovski, A. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831242","url":null,"abstract":"TeGDS is a graphical user interface for design and simulation of thermoelectric generators. It is realized in MATLAB graphic editor. The software provides easy simulation and analysis of the operation of thermoelectric generators depending on temperature, geometry and by describing the temperature-dependent properties of the materials involved in their construction. This simulation tool allows to design a thermoelectric generator with new data for the material and to optimize the geometry by adjusting the parameters. It can also be used to compare experimental data of a new or commercial module in operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125432639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831298
J. Bakardjieva, K. Raykov
A methodology for drawing up the structure of a distribution smart grid and for its dimensioning is presented. The necessary data for performing the calculations are described, variants of different distribution grid structures are discussed and the optimal variant among them is chosen in accordance with a pre-selected criterion – minimum discounted costs; minimum power loss; or minimum amount of undelivered electricity. The variants of smart grids - built with overhead power lines or with cable lines - are considered separately. The peculiarities of the process of dimensioning the distribution grids are specified. The dimensioning of smart grids, built with overhead power lines, is shown.
{"title":"Design of a distribution Smart grid","authors":"J. Bakardjieva, K. Raykov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831298","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for drawing up the structure of a distribution smart grid and for its dimensioning is presented. The necessary data for performing the calculations are described, variants of different distribution grid structures are discussed and the optimal variant among them is chosen in accordance with a pre-selected criterion – minimum discounted costs; minimum power loss; or minimum amount of undelivered electricity. The variants of smart grids - built with overhead power lines or with cable lines - are considered separately. The peculiarities of the process of dimensioning the distribution grids are specified. The dimensioning of smart grids, built with overhead power lines, is shown.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121301578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831396
R. Sokullu
Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, which is affecting the whole world today, accurate determination of the number of people entering a closed area has become very important in terms of measures to be taken against the spread of the disease. This project uses WiFi Signals and IR sensors to determine the number of people in a predefined area. To obtain the required raw data the system utilizes two main principles: the effect of humans on the WiFi signal strength and the entrance-exit control based on distance and LDR sensors. It is a low cost solution with quite good sensitivity and low error level. The simple principles which it is based on allows its application also in other areas like for example livestock farming, where the number of cattle entering a closed area can be counted.
{"title":"People/Animal Counting – Integrated Sensor Based and Wifi/Machine Learning Based System","authors":"R. Sokullu","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831396","url":null,"abstract":"Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, which is affecting the whole world today, accurate determination of the number of people entering a closed area has become very important in terms of measures to be taken against the spread of the disease. This project uses WiFi Signals and IR sensors to determine the number of people in a predefined area. To obtain the required raw data the system utilizes two main principles: the effect of humans on the WiFi signal strength and the entrance-exit control based on distance and LDR sensors. It is a low cost solution with quite good sensitivity and low error level. The simple principles which it is based on allows its application also in other areas like for example livestock farming, where the number of cattle entering a closed area can be counted.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126036774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831414
Neli Babekova, T. Gueorguiev, P. Vitliemov
The paper reviews maturity models, aiming to present the essence of self-assessment using a maturity model for quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management systems as a tool for achieving sustainable development of organizations considering that one of the goals of any organization is to achieve sustainable development in a complex and changing environment. As a future study, a methodology for determining the level of maturity through a maturity model of environmental management systems according to ISO 14001:2015 and occupational health and safety according to ISO 45001:2018 will be developed.
{"title":"A Maturity Model as a Tool for Sustainable Development of Organizations","authors":"Neli Babekova, T. Gueorguiev, P. Vitliemov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831414","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews maturity models, aiming to present the essence of self-assessment using a maturity model for quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management systems as a tool for achieving sustainable development of organizations considering that one of the goals of any organization is to achieve sustainable development in a complex and changing environment. As a future study, a methodology for determining the level of maturity through a maturity model of environmental management systems according to ISO 14001:2015 and occupational health and safety according to ISO 45001:2018 will be developed.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122404845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831210
R. Sokullu
With the emerging of Agriculture 4.0 movement smart farming has become one of the most dynamic spheres utilizing IoT technology. LoRaWAN standard has been developed to access the gap in existing low rate, low power, low cost technologies addressing the needs IoT applications that cover larger areas than other popular wireless technologies like Bluetooth and ZigBee. In this project, a prototype LoRaWAN based network meeting the needs of smart farming with low power consumption was established incorporating most important sensors for measuring and keeping track of air temperature, relative air humidity, soil moisture, UV, IR and daylight intensity. The system comprises LoRaWAN compatible novel hardware and algorithms with interfaces for web and Android users. Devices used as nodes and gateways are designed to use the same card design. Google Firebase is used on the server side and a web-based interface on the user side.
{"title":"LoRa Based Smart Agriculture Network","authors":"R. Sokullu","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831210","url":null,"abstract":"With the emerging of Agriculture 4.0 movement smart farming has become one of the most dynamic spheres utilizing IoT technology. LoRaWAN standard has been developed to access the gap in existing low rate, low power, low cost technologies addressing the needs IoT applications that cover larger areas than other popular wireless technologies like Bluetooth and ZigBee. In this project, a prototype LoRaWAN based network meeting the needs of smart farming with low power consumption was established incorporating most important sensors for measuring and keeping track of air temperature, relative air humidity, soil moisture, UV, IR and daylight intensity. The system comprises LoRaWAN compatible novel hardware and algorithms with interfaces for web and Android users. Devices used as nodes and gateways are designed to use the same card design. Google Firebase is used on the server side and a web-based interface on the user side.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"67 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115824981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831407
O. Dinolov
A first of its kind gravity-based benchmarking model for assessing the energy efficiency in transportation processes provided by motor vehicles has been developed. The model allows comparison with the theoretical minimum and separates the consumption into useful and non-useful part. Based on the model, a computer algorithm is developed and a software tool for automated investigations is created. The workability and the applicability of the model is tested for two typical motor vehicles in the field. The average efficiency varies from 0.12 % to 0.41 %. The data show very low levels of energy efficiency and are indicative of the need to rethink the considered transport technologies.
{"title":"Novel Efficiency-Based Model for Road-Transport Energy Evaluation Using Gravitational Benchmark and Route-Profile Characteristics","authors":"O. Dinolov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831407","url":null,"abstract":"A first of its kind gravity-based benchmarking model for assessing the energy efficiency in transportation processes provided by motor vehicles has been developed. The model allows comparison with the theoretical minimum and separates the consumption into useful and non-useful part. Based on the model, a computer algorithm is developed and a software tool for automated investigations is created. The workability and the applicability of the model is tested for two typical motor vehicles in the field. The average efficiency varies from 0.12 % to 0.41 %. The data show very low levels of energy efficiency and are indicative of the need to rethink the considered transport technologies.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831410
B. Evstatiev, Yordan Kalmukov
In this study is performed an analysis of the key factors, influencing accuracy of outdoor animal recognition and counting. Initially, the commonly used sensors, their area of applications and mounting places are overviewed. Next, are analyzed a number of studies, dealing with counting and recognition of livestock and wild animals and their goals, methods used and data sources are summarized. The main factors, influencing the accuracy of recognition and counting algorithms include the px/m ratio of the images, the animal and environment color, the behavior of animals, the presence of artificial objects etc. The results show that many of them are common between livestock and wild animals but there are also some differences.
{"title":"Analysis of the Key Factors Influencing the Outdoor Animal Recognition and Counting Accuracy","authors":"B. Evstatiev, Yordan Kalmukov","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831410","url":null,"abstract":"In this study is performed an analysis of the key factors, influencing accuracy of outdoor animal recognition and counting. Initially, the commonly used sensors, their area of applications and mounting places are overviewed. Next, are analyzed a number of studies, dealing with counting and recognition of livestock and wild animals and their goals, methods used and data sources are summarized. The main factors, influencing the accuracy of recognition and counting algorithms include the px/m ratio of the images, the animal and environment color, the behavior of animals, the presence of artificial objects etc. The results show that many of them are common between livestock and wild animals but there are also some differences.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831363
Mehmed Kadir Hassan
Determining the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors in changing operating conditions is a problem of the present day. The main directions of modern research on the subject are based on the application of Fuzzy Logic, Particle Swarm Optimization and artificial neural networks. The paper presents a built up mathematical model for defining the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors by applying the mathematical theory of experimental design. The independent variables, influencing the evaluated parameter are selected. An adequate mathematical model has been obtained, by means of which the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors in operating conditions is found. The developed mathematical model is convenient for practical use and no specialized software is needed for its application.
{"title":"Optimal power factor of synchronous motors in operating conditions","authors":"Mehmed Kadir Hassan","doi":"10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eeae53789.2022.9831363","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors in changing operating conditions is a problem of the present day. The main directions of modern research on the subject are based on the application of Fuzzy Logic, Particle Swarm Optimization and artificial neural networks. The paper presents a built up mathematical model for defining the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors by applying the mathematical theory of experimental design. The independent variables, influencing the evaluated parameter are selected. An adequate mathematical model has been obtained, by means of which the optimal value of the power factor of synchronous motors in operating conditions is found. The developed mathematical model is convenient for practical use and no specialized software is needed for its application.","PeriodicalId":441906,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129605075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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