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2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)最新文献

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Ultrasonic Investigation of Thin Ceramic Plates by Means of Delay Line Contact Mode 利用延迟线接触模式对陶瓷薄板进行超声研究
Radostin Kasarov
The aim of this work is to investigate plates of Peltier modules by means of an ultrasonic method. A pulse-echo contact method was applied for precise measurement of thickness. Transducers with delay lines, emitting at 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz, were used to determine the operating frequency range. An analysis of a number of echoes, amplitude and shape of signals, pulse duration and pulse rise time was performed. Ceramic plates of six Peltier modules, models TEC1-12708 and TEC1-12710, were measured with a selected transducer of 15 MHz. Thicknesses at 25 points of each plate were determined. Variation of the obtained values is observed. Comparative analysis of the results for all measured plates can be used for quality evaluation of the modules.
本工作的目的是利用超声方法研究珀尔帖模块的板。采用脉冲回波接触法精确测量厚度。使用带有延迟线的换能器,发射频率分别为5 MHz、10 MHz、15 MHz和20 MHz,以确定工作频率范围。对多个回波、信号幅度和形状、脉冲持续时间和脉冲上升时间进行了分析。选用15mhz的换能器对6个Peltier模块TEC1-12708和TEC1-12710的陶瓷板进行了测量。测定了每块板25个点的厚度。观察所得值的变化。对所有测量板的结果进行对比分析,可用于模块的质量评价。
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引用次数: 0
A critical overview of the normative, regulatory and international standard requirements for healthy and safe public facilities 对健康和安全公共设施的规范、管制和国际标准要求进行批判性概述
E. Hristov Yankov, T. Gueorguiev
The purpose of this paper is to present a critical overview of the international, national, regional and local requirements for healthy and safe public facilities. The normative requirements for the cleanliness of rooms through the measurement of some key parameters such as carbon dioxide, amount of oxygen, fine dust particles, radiation levels, light, noise, humidity, etc. are discussed. The measurement methods for most of these parameters are carried out using specialized equipment by regulatory bodies. The prescribed limiting levels are specified in certain standards depending on the type of facility- public spaces (stations, airports), work rooms, civil protection facilities, etc. The critical overview aims to specify the requirements for a monitoring system which will allow preventive control of the abovementioned parameters. Thus, it will facilitate favourable, healthy and safe working conditions for personnel and other interested parties.
本文的目的是对健康和安全的公共设施的国际、国家、区域和地方要求进行批判性概述。通过对二氧化碳、含氧量、细尘颗粒、辐射水平、光照、噪声、湿度等关键参数的测量,探讨了对房间洁净度的规范要求。大多数这些参数的测量方法是由监管机构使用专门的设备进行的。订明的限制水平在若干标准内订明,视乎设施的类型而定,包括公共空间(车站、机场)、工作间、民防设施等。关键概述旨在具体说明监测系统的要求,以便对上述参数进行预防性控制。因此,它将为工作人员和其他有关各方创造有利、健康和安全的工作条件。
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引用次数: 1
Perspective of education in Agriculture 4.0 in selected countries in European Union and Palestine 农业4.0教育在欧盟和巴勒斯坦选定国家的前景
Z. Pálková, M. Harničárová, J. Valícek, V. Stehel, N. Mihailov, M. Fragkaki, W. Khalilia, Aziz Abdel Karim Awad Salameh
To achieve the aim to foster competitive and sustainable agriculture and forestry sector that "achieves more from less" - which is the one of the main aims of the precision farming - is necessary to bring together innovation actors (farmers, advisors, researchers, businesses, NGOs, etc.) and help to build bridges between research and practice, thus positioning at the core of the innovations in agriculture. Precision Agriculture is an innovative concept, not specifically about the technologies, but about the overall concept putting the accent on understanding how the technologies can make farming more accurate and controlled. The research, presented in this article, has been done in the framework of the BENEFIT project (609544-EPP-1-2019-1-PS-EPPKA-CBHEJP) which runs under the Erasmus+ Capacity Building for Higher Education program and its innovative character serves not only the capacity-building aspect for Palestinian universities, but also addresses the challenges faced by Palestine regarding the integration of the newest (digital) technologies into agriculture and rural development.The article presents perspectives of education in Precision Agriculture and Agriculture 4.0 in selected countries in the European Union - Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Palestine.
为了实现培育具有竞争力和可持续的农业和林业部门的目标,即“少得多”——这是精准农业的主要目标之一——有必要将创新行为者(农民、顾问、研究人员、企业、非政府组织等)聚集在一起,并帮助在研究和实践之间建立桥梁,从而定位于农业创新的核心。精准农业是一个创新的概念,不是关于技术,而是关于整体概念,重点是理解技术如何使农业更加精确和可控。本文中介绍的研究是在BENEFIT项目(609544-EPP-1-2019-1-PS-EPPKA-CBHEJP)的框架内完成的,该项目在Erasmus+高等教育能力建设项目下运行,其创新性不仅服务于巴勒斯坦大学的能力建设方面,而且还解决了巴勒斯坦在将最新(数字)技术融入农业和农村发展方面面临的挑战。本文介绍了欧盟选定国家(斯洛伐克、捷克共和国和巴勒斯坦)在精准农业和农业4.0教育方面的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the possibilities for optimization of reactive power according to the criterion "electric power quality" in the power supply system of a port complex 基于“电能质量”准则的港口综合体供电系统无功优化可能性研究
Mladen Proykov, Neli Simeonova
The paper presents an opportunity to optimize the reactive powers in the power supply system (PSS) of the port complex of Burgas. Based on the general energy characteristic of the object and synthesized theoretical statement, in the conditions of asymmetric and non-sinusoidal loading. Instrumental measurements and analyzes were performed, with the help of which quantitative ratios for the different partial losses were established and finally the total losses of active power were determined. It was found that the compensation of reactive loads in the conditions of deteriorated electric energy (EE) quality does not ensure good results. In this regard, a significantly better and more efficient technical solution developed according to the criterion of "high quality EE" is proposed. The practical implementation of the proposal guarantees the achievement of energy efficiency, significant EE savings and a payback period of the facilities within (1.8 ÷ 3.1) years.
本文为布尔加斯港口综合体供电系统(PSS)的无功功率优化提供了契机。根据物体的一般能量特性和综合的理论陈述,在非对称和非正弦加载条件下。通过仪器测量和分析,建立了不同部分损耗的定量比值,最终确定了有功功率的总损耗。研究发现,在电能质量恶化的情况下,无功负荷的补偿不能保证良好的效果。在这方面,根据“高质量电子电气”的标准,提出了一个明显更好和更有效的技术解决方案。该建议的实际实施保证了能源效率的实现,显著的EE节约和设施的投资回收期在(1.8 ÷ 3.1)年以内。
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引用次数: 0
Design, fabrication, and testing of a high-load, low-cost thermal chamber 高负荷、低成本热室的设计、制造和测试
P. Coandă, M. Avram, D. Comeagă, B. Gramescu, V. Constantin, N. Emil
This paper aims to present the design, fabrication, testing and validation of a high load and low-cost thermal chamber used in accelerated ageing mainly for pneumatic cylinders. The maximum static design load is around 5kN, enough to satisfy the testing conditions imposed by most of the ongoing projects and it is verified using finite element analysis (FEA). The main aspects considered during the design are modularity, ease of manufacturing, and, of course, good thermal properties. The chamber is built on a metallic frame with 50 mm mineral wool walls which is a good thermal insulator. A 2kW heater is used to heat the thermal chamber and a custom tuned control algorithm is used for temperature control, with multiple approaches being presented. The maximum temperature range foreseen for the thermal chamber is between ambient and 85° C which is obtained with the current setup. Considering all the above, the cost of the materials was about 1000 Euros.
本文旨在介绍一种主要用于气缸加速老化的高负荷、低成本热室的设计、制造、试验和验证。最大静态设计载荷约为5kN,足以满足大多数正在进行的项目所施加的测试条件,并使用有限元分析(FEA)进行验证。在设计过程中考虑的主要方面是模块化,易于制造,当然还有良好的热性能。该室是建立在一个金属框架与50毫米矿棉墙,这是一个很好的绝缘体。使用2kW加热器加热热室,并使用自定义调谐控制算法进行温度控制,并提出了多种方法。预计热室的最高温度范围在环境和85°C之间,这是通过当前设置获得的。综上所述,材料的成本大约是1000欧元。
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引用次数: 0
Determining the Planned Error of a Measurement Transducer with a Pointer 用指针确定测量传感器的计划误差
D. Tonev, T. Gueorguiev
This paper discusses the problem of determining the planned (theoretical) error of a measurement transducer. The effect of all components on the position of the final actuated component of the dimensional chain is analyzed in detail. The planned error of a measurement transducer with a constant (graduation) of i = 0,001 mm is determined.
本文讨论了测量传感器计划(理论)误差的确定问题。详细分析了各分量对尺寸链最终作动分量位置的影响。确定了测量传感器的计划误差,其常数(分度)为i = 0.001 mm。
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引用次数: 0
Constant Losses in Induction Motors and Possible Solutions for their Reduction 感应电动机的恒损及减少恒损的可能方法
M. Hristova, Vyara Ruseva, Anka Krasteva
In order to increase the energy efficiency of induction motors, it is necessary to identify the causes of the types of losses occurring in them in order to propose ways of reducing them. This paper presents various methods to achieve this, which are applied already at the stage of motor design, as well as other methods related to the technology of motor production. Ways to increase the energy efficiency in induction motors, which are related to the reduction of iron losses and mechanical losses, are analyzed.
为了提高感应电动机的能源效率,有必要确定其发生损耗类型的原因,以便提出减少损耗的方法。本文介绍了在电机设计阶段已经应用的各种方法,以及其他与电机生产技术相关的方法。分析了提高感应电机能效的途径,这关系到降低铁损和机械损耗。
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引用次数: 2
Mathematical Model of Operability of a Single-phase Bridge Rectifier 单相桥式整流器可操作性的数学模型
Andrey Puzakov, A A Arkhireiskiy
Rectifiers are widely used to convert alternating current to direct current. During operation rectifier voltage changes both under the influence of external factors (temperature) and due to degradation of semiconductor crystal. The task of determining the technical state of the rectifier (the presence and the stage of faults development) based on monitoring of its parameters is actual. This article presents the methodology of modeling of diode open- and short-circuit of single-phase bridge rectifier. The open circuit simulation is achieved by including a resistor in series with the diode. It was found that output voltage of rectifier at no-load is determined by reverse resistance of diodes. When the rectifier works under load its voltage is determined by the ratio of diode resistance to the total rectifier resistance. Short-circuit simulation is achieved by shunting the diode. A generalized model of single-phase rectifier operability is given. The use of this model will make it possible by comparing the rectifier input and output voltages to determine the nature and degree of diode fault development.
整流器广泛用于将交流电转换成直流电。在工作过程中,整流器电压的变化既受外界因素(温度)的影响,也因半导体晶体的退化而发生变化。在监测整流器参数的基础上,确定整流器的技术状态(故障的存在和发展阶段)是现实的任务。本文介绍了单相桥式整流器二极管开路和短路的建模方法。开路仿真是通过将一个电阻与二极管串联来实现的。发现整流器的空载输出电压是由二极管的反向电阻决定的。当整流器在负载下工作时,其电压由二极管电阻与整流器总电阻的比值决定。短路模拟是通过并联二极管来实现的。给出了一种广义的单相整流器可操作性模型。该模型的使用将使通过比较整流器输入和输出电压来确定二极管故障发展的性质和程度成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Evapotranspiration, development and productivity of wheat under different tillage systems on sloping terrains 坡地不同耕作制度下小麦蒸散、发育及生产力
Gergana Kuncheva, I. Ivanova, P. Dimitrov, Evgeni Toshkov Enchev
Soil water erosion has a number of negative consequences, such as loss of soil, nutrients, lower infiltration and reduced soil moisture content. This leads to decreased biomass and ecosystem productivity. The need to develop sustainable agriculture requires the application of erosion control technologies to reduce losses of soil, substances and water and to preserve soil fertility on sloping terrains. Calcic Chernozems occupy significant area in the Danube plain in North Bulgaria and the combination of hilly terrain, climatic conditions and the significant structural deficit of these soils, determines the frequent manifestations of water erosion. A three-year study of the impact of conventional and erosion control technologies on evapotranspiration, biometrics and yields of wheat grown on sloping terrain, on Calcic Chernozem soil type was conducted.
土壤水分侵蚀具有许多负面后果,如土壤、养分流失、入渗降低和土壤含水量降低。这导致生物量和生态系统生产力下降。发展可持续农业的需要要求应用侵蚀控制技术,以减少土壤、物质和水的损失,并保持坡地的土壤肥力。钙质黑钙土占据了保加利亚北部多瑙河平原的大片地区,丘陵地形、气候条件和这些土壤的严重结构缺陷共同决定了水侵蚀的频繁表现。在钙质黑钙质土壤类型的坡地上,对常规和侵蚀控制技术对小麦蒸散量、生物特征和产量的影响进行了为期三年的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Iot Based Livestock Precision Feeding System Using Machine Learning 使用机器学习的基于物联网的牲畜精确喂养系统
R. Sokullu, Baran Tanriverdi, R. Goleva
The livestock sector is one of the most important sectors in modern farming, ensuring at least 33% of the protein consumed by a person with average dietary requirements. In traditional farming sheep, goats, cows and other livestock are generally bred by inserting average amounts of food supplies into predefined containers. Main goal is maximizing milk and/or meat gains. In recent years a new concept has emerged in the realm of smart farming - Precision Livestock Farming – which aims not only increasing production and efficiency in the livestock sector, but also reducing costs and ensuring adequate feeding amounts for each separate animal. This paper describes a system using two newly emerging technologies, namely IoT and machine learning. The proposed system records the biological clocks of animals according to their daily eating patterns and then based on the recorded data estimates the feeding amount and feeding times and ensures they are according supplied with food.
畜牧业是现代农业中最重要的部门之一,确保了平均膳食需求的人所消耗的蛋白质的至少33%。在传统农业中,绵羊、山羊、奶牛和其他牲畜的饲养方式通常是将平均数量的食物放入预定的容器中。主要目标是最大化牛奶和/或肉类收益。近年来,智能农业领域出现了一个新概念——精准畜牧业——其目标不仅是提高畜牧业的产量和效率,还包括降低成本和确保每只动物的充足饲料量。本文描述了一个使用两种新兴技术的系统,即物联网和机器学习。该系统根据动物的日常饮食模式,记录动物的生物钟,然后根据记录的数据估计喂食量和喂食时间,并确保它们得到适当的食物供应。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)
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