Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i9.43
Estefanía Pavón, Luis Fernando Guaytarilla, Christian Cueva, Karla Durango
This article presents a bibliographical review dealing with the aspect of cyber security and cyber defense in Latin American countries. It highlights the large scale that cyber-attacks currently have, the measures taken by the governments of the countries, and the prospects for improving cyber security in Latin American countries. This work is based on a systematic review of articles on aspects of cyber security and cyber defense drawn from specialized databases on computer advances and military developments. It is concluded that the large technological gap between Latin American countries compared to other countries in North America and Europe is an important factor and must be urgently reduced to avoid compromising the integrity of nations and their interests.
{"title":"Perspectives on cybersecurity and cyber defense in Latin America","authors":"Estefanía Pavón, Luis Fernando Guaytarilla, Christian Cueva, Karla Durango","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i9.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i9.43","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a bibliographical review dealing with the aspect of cyber security and cyber defense in Latin American countries. It highlights the large scale that cyber-attacks currently have, the measures taken by the governments of the countries, and the prospects for improving cyber security in Latin American countries. This work is based on a systematic review of articles on aspects of cyber security and cyber defense drawn from specialized databases on computer advances and military developments. It is concluded that the large technological gap between Latin American countries compared to other countries in North America and Europe is an important factor and must be urgently reduced to avoid compromising the integrity of nations and their interests.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79298463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i9.41
L. Azocar, Oscar Dam
The results of stresses caused by the desorption of dissolved nitrogen atoms in point defects of allotropic phases of metallic iron obtained by solid-state reduction processes are shown. In the ferrite and austenite phases, the amounts of dissolved nitrogen and vacuums were calculated and the expansion of the surface mechanism of nitrogen adsorption was proposed, with the absorption-desorption to determine the number of its atoms and molecules adjusted to the space of the vacuums located inside the phases and to obtain the pressures and efforts generated by the confined gas. The calculated values of the efforts for the desorption of three molecules of nitrogen in a vacuum of the ferrite and austenite crystalline network were 621.2 and 727.6 Kgf/mm2, and when compared with the known values of their tensile strength (breakage) of 28 and 105 Kgf/mm2, they were 22 and 7 times higher respectively, favoring their swelling and catastrophic cracking.
{"title":"Mechanism of iron oxide swelling in metallization processes","authors":"L. Azocar, Oscar Dam","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i9.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i9.41","url":null,"abstract":"The results of stresses caused by the desorption of dissolved nitrogen atoms in point defects of allotropic phases of metallic iron obtained by solid-state reduction processes are shown. In the ferrite and austenite phases, the amounts of dissolved nitrogen and vacuums were calculated and the expansion of the surface mechanism of nitrogen adsorption was proposed, with the absorption-desorption to determine the number of its atoms and molecules adjusted to the space of the vacuums located inside the phases and to obtain the pressures and efforts generated by the confined gas. The calculated values of the efforts for the desorption of three molecules of nitrogen in a vacuum of the ferrite and austenite crystalline network were 621.2 and 727.6 Kgf/mm2, and when compared with the known values of their tensile strength (breakage) of 28 and 105 Kgf/mm2, they were 22 and 7 times higher respectively, favoring their swelling and catastrophic cracking.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87518054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i8.39
Carlos Toapanta, Angela Muñoz, Ana Arauz, Silvia Naranjo, Mirian Carranza
In the following paper, we present the result of an exhaustive review on how contemporary video games influence multiple social aspects such as health, psychology, family, entertainment, economics, and international conflicts. It also addresses the trends for the near future on the use and influence of video games in society, their consequences, and trends. Multiple scientific articles and websites specialized in the video game industry were reviewed, from which information has been obtained on how they contribute to society. The video game industry quickly incorporates solutions to many social problems directly and indirectly, and their incorporation into society will soon become a prevailing need.
{"title":"Technologies and Videogames: Influences on society","authors":"Carlos Toapanta, Angela Muñoz, Ana Arauz, Silvia Naranjo, Mirian Carranza","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i8.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.39","url":null,"abstract":"In the following paper, we present the result of an exhaustive review on how contemporary video games influence multiple social aspects such as health, psychology, family, entertainment, economics, and international conflicts. It also addresses the trends for the near future on the use and influence of video games in society, their consequences, and trends. Multiple scientific articles and websites specialized in the video game industry were reviewed, from which information has been obtained on how they contribute to society. The video game industry quickly incorporates solutions to many social problems directly and indirectly, and their incorporation into society will soon become a prevailing need.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.47460/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.40
L. Reyes, Diana Almeida, Ana Flores
This document describes the new technological alternatives in personal protection systems and equipment proposed and implemented in industries due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. System developments include devices that employ Machine Vision database connectivity and act as support for controlling workers' industrial safety. Advances in personal protective equipment include modern materials with better performance, strength, and benefits for its users. An exhaustive review of scientific articles was carried out in which current developments in the two themes raised are presented and have been reflected and described in this document. It is concluded that the use of Vision and Artificial Intelligence is more frequent for the control of industrial security and is better adapted and aligned with Industry 4.0, allowing the acquisition of data, transmission, and storage in databases of information.
{"title":"Information Technologies for Occupational Health and Safety","authors":"L. Reyes, Diana Almeida, Ana Flores","doi":"10.47460/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.40","url":null,"abstract":"This document describes the new technological alternatives in personal protection systems and equipment proposed and implemented in industries due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. System developments include devices that employ Machine Vision database connectivity and act as support for controlling workers' industrial safety. Advances in personal protective equipment include modern materials with better performance, strength, and benefits for its users. An exhaustive review of scientific articles was carried out in which current developments in the two themes raised are presented and have been reflected and described in this document. It is concluded that the use of Vision and Artificial Intelligence is more frequent for the control of industrial security and is better adapted and aligned with Industry 4.0, allowing the acquisition of data, transmission, and storage in databases of information.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This document presents the highlights of the influence of video games on teaching and disseminating culture in recent years. An exhaustive review was carried out on how education has benefited and enhanced using video games and their technological advances and their benefits to ensure the continuity of the curricula during the COVID-19 pandemic. Video games and their constant developments provide a tool that fosters the competencies and skills of students at all educational levels. New and better playful experiences have been developed that present players with more immersive situations are encouraging students to a greater interest in their learning process.
{"title":"Videogames in Education and Culture","authors":"Veronica Luzuriaga, Veronica Toaza, Sonia Caisaluisa, Jorge Jaramillo","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i8.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.37","url":null,"abstract":"This document presents the highlights of the influence of video games on teaching and disseminating culture in recent years. An exhaustive review was carried out on how education has benefited and enhanced using video games and their technological advances and their benefits to ensure the continuity of the curricula during the COVID-19 pandemic. Video games and their constant developments provide a tool that fosters the competencies and skills of students at all educational levels. New and better playful experiences have been developed that present players with more immersive situations are encouraging students to a greater interest in their learning process.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88749071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i8.38
Alfredo Marot
The main objective of this paper is to model failures of squirrel cage rotor induction motors, it presents the equations that model the machine variables, and we simulate an induction motor in the Matlab-Simulink software, to know and evaluate the effects of the stator windings when the motor experiences failure to function as a short circuit between spirals that there are many diagnostic methodologies for each class of failure. The most widely used technique is analyzing the frequency spectrum of one or several motor signals. A fault in the motor represents an asymmetry concerning its construction; consequently, harmonic components appear in the electrical signals that are related to the present fault, and the spectral analysis of motor current signatures applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the current since these contain relevant information that is distinguished in a spectrum of frequencies.
{"title":"Fault simulation of medium voltage squirrel cage induction motors","authors":"Alfredo Marot","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i8.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i8.38","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to model failures of squirrel cage rotor induction motors, it presents the equations that model the machine variables, and we simulate an induction motor in the Matlab-Simulink software, to know and evaluate the effects of the stator windings when the motor experiences failure to function as a short circuit between spirals that there are many diagnostic methodologies for each class of failure. The most widely used technique is analyzing the frequency spectrum of one or several motor signals. A fault in the motor represents an asymmetry concerning its construction; consequently, harmonic components appear in the electrical signals that are related to the present fault, and the spectral analysis of motor current signatures applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the current since these contain relevant information that is distinguished in a spectrum of frequencies.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88306962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a statistical analysis of the experimental values of gravity is carried out and they are contrasted with the existing theoretical values. To carry out the measurements, an experimental practice of the simple pendulum is carried out, which allows for obtaining data in a real way. Three-time measurements were made for each length of the pendulum, thus obtaining a broad data set. Descriptive statistics will facilitate the understanding of the analytical estimates of gravity, which will then be contrasted with the theoretical values. Finally, the results show that the percentage errors between the analytical gravity are acceptable with the theoretical values. The study of the simple pendulum with statistical analysis is a valuable engineering resource.
{"title":"Analytical and Theoretical Gravity Statistics","authors":"Fabiana Liria, Thyara Vintimilla, Jadira Estefanía Vinueza","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i7.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i7.35","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a statistical analysis of the experimental values of gravity is carried out and they are contrasted with the existing theoretical values. To carry out the measurements, an experimental practice of the simple pendulum is carried out, which allows for obtaining data in a real way. Three-time measurements were made for each length of the pendulum, thus obtaining a broad data set. Descriptive statistics will facilitate the understanding of the analytical estimates of gravity, which will then be contrasted with the theoretical values. Finally, the results show that the percentage errors between the analytical gravity are acceptable with the theoretical values. The study of the simple pendulum with statistical analysis is a valuable engineering resource.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79768065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i7.32
Amely Valentina Córdova Cevallos, Ana María León Pullas, Joaquín Andrés Núñez Rodríguez
In this work, a descriptive statistics study will be carried out based on the practice of a simple pendulum, for which statistical analysis of the gravity relationship will be implemented based on the measurement of the period of a pendulum. To do this, the values of acceleration of gravity will be measured analytically and graphically, and sufficient data will be taken to make different statistical calculations including standard deviations, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, percentile, quartile, and graphing. as histogram and ogive. The results show that the calculated values of gravity present percentage errors about the established value of gravity, and it can also be seen that statistics contribute to the calculation of physical parameters.
{"title":"Simple pendulum descriptive statistics","authors":"Amely Valentina Córdova Cevallos, Ana María León Pullas, Joaquín Andrés Núñez Rodríguez","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i7.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i7.32","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a descriptive statistics study will be carried out based on the practice of a simple pendulum, for which statistical analysis of the gravity relationship will be implemented based on the measurement of the period of a pendulum. To do this, the values of acceleration of gravity will be measured analytically and graphically, and sufficient data will be taken to make different statistical calculations including standard deviations, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, percentile, quartile, and graphing. as histogram and ogive. The results show that the calculated values of gravity present percentage errors about the established value of gravity, and it can also be seen that statistics contribute to the calculation of physical parameters.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87331640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i7.34
Cristhian Gustavo Minaya Vera, Junior Antonio Briones Mera, Irina Loreley Arias Vera, Andrés Alexander Minaya Vera
In this work, a bibliographical analysis of the educational situation at the time of the pandemic and its projections for the new times of the digital age is carried out. For this, academic documents from different sources of information are analyzed, mainly from recognized scientific journals. The results of the research show that university education for engineering programs was sufficiently affected by the physical distancing of universities, and the needs in technical areas were not adequately covered. These observations lead us to think that programs in the areas of technology and engineering, where laboratory practices are of great importance, should be transformed into a vision focused on industry 4.0 and where technical applications can be handled remotely.
{"title":"Education for engineers in times of pandemic","authors":"Cristhian Gustavo Minaya Vera, Junior Antonio Briones Mera, Irina Loreley Arias Vera, Andrés Alexander Minaya Vera","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i7.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i7.34","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a bibliographical analysis of the educational situation at the time of the pandemic and its projections for the new times of the digital age is carried out. For this, academic documents from different sources of information are analyzed, mainly from recognized scientific journals. The results of the research show that university education for engineering programs was sufficiently affected by the physical distancing of universities, and the needs in technical areas were not adequately covered. These observations lead us to think that programs in the areas of technology and engineering, where laboratory practices are of great importance, should be transformed into a vision focused on industry 4.0 and where technical applications can be handled remotely.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73128680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.47460/athenea.v3i7.36
S. A. De la Cruz Vega, C. M. Mendoza Flores, K. A. Ascoy Flores, Johnny Gregorio Cipriano Bautista, Julio Cesar Barrenechea Alvarado, Gumercindo Flores Reyes
The soil analysis allows to know the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the projected soil, that is to say, the stratigraphic composition, the layers or strata that compose the different properties of the soil and its depth, as well as the depth at which its foundations should be made. It is important to recognize the type of soil because each of them has a specific property such as gravels are very permeable, sands have high capillarity, silts are suitable for compaction and clays are impermeable. Studies carried out on the soil, such as granulometry, allow it to be classified according to SUCS or AASHTO standards, moisture analysis allows the amount of water that is present together with the particles to be recognized, and the stratigraphic profile allows the heights of the soil layers and their color and texture to be known, consistency limits such as liquid limit and plastic limit allow it to be recognized if they have moldable properties, the specific gravity is an important factor in its design, the content of soluble salts allows to determine the type of cement to be used, the proctor test allows to know the compaction characteristics such as dry specific weight and optimum moisture and the direct shear test allows to recognize the angle of internal friction and cohesion present in the soil. The purpose of the soil study is to provide the necessary data to carry out the designs of engineering works, recognize the characteristics of the soil in situ, prevent possible problems in the future, as well as to establish the appropriate modifications to the construction processes and above all to guarantee the good operation of the building and to fulfill its useful lifetime.
{"title":"Chapter 3: Soil mechanics studies","authors":"S. A. De la Cruz Vega, C. M. Mendoza Flores, K. A. Ascoy Flores, Johnny Gregorio Cipriano Bautista, Julio Cesar Barrenechea Alvarado, Gumercindo Flores Reyes","doi":"10.47460/athenea.v3i7.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47460/athenea.v3i7.36","url":null,"abstract":"The soil analysis allows to know the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the projected soil, that is to say, the stratigraphic composition, the layers or strata that compose the different properties of the soil and its depth, as well as the depth at which its foundations should be made.\u0000It is important to recognize the type of soil because each of them has a specific property such as gravels are very permeable, sands have high capillarity, silts are suitable for compaction and clays are impermeable.\u0000Studies carried out on the soil, such as granulometry, allow it to be classified according to SUCS or AASHTO standards, moisture analysis allows the amount of water that is present together with the particles to be recognized, and the stratigraphic profile allows the heights of the soil layers and their color and texture to be known, consistency limits such as liquid limit and plastic limit allow it to be recognized if they have moldable properties, the specific gravity is an important factor in its design, the content of soluble salts allows to determine the type of cement to be used, the proctor test allows to know the compaction characteristics such as dry specific weight and optimum moisture and the direct shear test allows to recognize the angle of internal friction and cohesion present in the soil. The purpose of the soil study is to provide the necessary data to carry out the designs of engineering works, recognize the characteristics of the soil in situ, prevent possible problems in the future, as well as to establish the appropriate modifications to the construction processes and above all to guarantee the good operation of the building and to fulfill its useful lifetime.","PeriodicalId":44194,"journal":{"name":"Athenea Digital","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85486413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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