Abstract Study aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the level of physical fitness (PF) and somatic structure in children training a Korean martial art (ITF taekwondo) and untrained peers and to determine the associations of children’s BMI with that of their parents. Material and methods: The research material consisted of data from 135 individuals, representing 45 child-mother-father triplets, including 22 triplets with children practicing taekwondo and 23 triplets with untrained children. The children had an average chronological age of 10.08 ± 1.35 years, whereas the age of mothers and fathers was 38.09 ± 4.56 years and 40.57 ± 4.70 years, respectively. Traits analyzed included those evaluated by selected physical fitness tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness Test battery, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children, and BMI in parents. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlations, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant differences in the somatic structure, physical fitness, BMI, and WHtR in the children studied. However, a tendency was observed for children attending ITF taekwondo classes to be characterized by higher levels of physical fitness. Higher BMI was found in the parents of the trained children and positive correlations were found between the BMI of the trained children and their parents. Conclusions: Identifying and studying the effect size of PA determinants in adolescents, with a particular focus on the influence of parents, may be the key to improving the health of future generations.
{"title":"Physical fitness and somatic structure in adolescent taekwondo athletes and untrained peers","authors":"Monika Nyrć, M. Lopuszanska-Dawid","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the level of physical fitness (PF) and somatic structure in children training a Korean martial art (ITF taekwondo) and untrained peers and to determine the associations of children’s BMI with that of their parents. Material and methods: The research material consisted of data from 135 individuals, representing 45 child-mother-father triplets, including 22 triplets with children practicing taekwondo and 23 triplets with untrained children. The children had an average chronological age of 10.08 ± 1.35 years, whereas the age of mothers and fathers was 38.09 ± 4.56 years and 40.57 ± 4.70 years, respectively. Traits analyzed included those evaluated by selected physical fitness tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness Test battery, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children, and BMI in parents. Statistical analyses included the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlations, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant differences in the somatic structure, physical fitness, BMI, and WHtR in the children studied. However, a tendency was observed for children attending ITF taekwondo classes to be characterized by higher levels of physical fitness. Higher BMI was found in the parents of the trained children and positive correlations were found between the BMI of the trained children and their parents. Conclusions: Identifying and studying the effect size of PA determinants in adolescents, with a particular focus on the influence of parents, may be the key to improving the health of future generations.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"3 1","pages":"63 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76339034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate asymmetry of activation of lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) in response to neurodevelopmental traction technique in children with pelvic asymmetry. Material and methods: Measurements of LAM activation asymmetry were performed during traction with the force of 5% body weight in two experimental conditions: 1) in neutral position, 2) in 20° posterior trunk inclination. Twenty-three healthy children with pelvic asymmetry participated in the study. To evaluate LAM activation asymmetry ultrasound technology was employed (two Mindray DP660 devices (Mindray, Shenzhen, China)). Activation asymmetry indices for each individual LAM were calculated. Results: The magnitude of LAM activation asymmetry indexes formed a gradient, with the most profound transversus abdominis (TrA) showing the greatest asymmetry, and the most superficial obliquus externus – the smallest. The inter-muscle differences were most pronounced between the TrA and the two more superficial oblique muscles. There were no correlation between the magnitude of pelvic asymmetry and LAM activation asymmetry. Conclusions: During the neurodevelopmental traction technique there is a difference in individual LAM activation symmetry, with deeper muscles showing greater asymmetry. The activation asymmetry of the LAM does not seem to be associated with the pelvic asymmetry. Results are similar to those recorded in earlier studies in samples where no pelvic asymmetry were subjected to analysis.
{"title":"Activation asymmetry of the lateral abdominal muscles in response to neurodevelopmental traction technique in children with pelvic asymmetry","authors":"Agnieszka Polaczek, Grzegorz Szlachta","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate asymmetry of activation of lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) in response to neurodevelopmental traction technique in children with pelvic asymmetry. Material and methods: Measurements of LAM activation asymmetry were performed during traction with the force of 5% body weight in two experimental conditions: 1) in neutral position, 2) in 20° posterior trunk inclination. Twenty-three healthy children with pelvic asymmetry participated in the study. To evaluate LAM activation asymmetry ultrasound technology was employed (two Mindray DP660 devices (Mindray, Shenzhen, China)). Activation asymmetry indices for each individual LAM were calculated. Results: The magnitude of LAM activation asymmetry indexes formed a gradient, with the most profound transversus abdominis (TrA) showing the greatest asymmetry, and the most superficial obliquus externus – the smallest. The inter-muscle differences were most pronounced between the TrA and the two more superficial oblique muscles. There were no correlation between the magnitude of pelvic asymmetry and LAM activation asymmetry. Conclusions: During the neurodevelopmental traction technique there is a difference in individual LAM activation symmetry, with deeper muscles showing greater asymmetry. The activation asymmetry of the LAM does not seem to be associated with the pelvic asymmetry. Results are similar to those recorded in earlier studies in samples where no pelvic asymmetry were subjected to analysis.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"18 1","pages":"9 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89591720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J. Duncan, Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira, Jason Tallis, Irineu Loturco, Anthony Weldon, Rohit K. Thapa
Abstract Study aim : This study aimed to determine and compare the ‘optimum power load’ in the hexagonal (HBDL) and straight (SBDL) bar deadlift exercises. Material and methods : Fifteen novice strength-trained males performed three repetitions of the HBDL and SBDL at loads from 20–90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Peak power, average power, peak velocity, and average velocity were determined from each repetition using a velocity-based linear position transducer. Results : Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of load for HBDL and SBDL (all p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses revealed peak power outputs for HBDL were similar across 50–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 80% 1RM (1053 W). The peak power outputs for SBDL were similar across 40–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 90% 1RM (843 W). A paired sample t-test revealed that HBDL showed greater peak power at 60% (Hedges’ g effect size g = 0.53), average power at 50–70%, (g = 0.56–0.74), and average velocity at 50% of 1RM (g = 0.53). However, SBDL showed greater peak velocity at 20% (g = 0.52) and average velocity at 90% of 1RM (g = 0.44). Conclusion : Practitioners can use these determined loads to target peak power and peak velocity outputs for the HBDL and SBDL exercises (e.g., 50–90% 1RM in HBDL). The HBDL may offer additional advantages resulting in greater peak power and average power outputs than the SBDL.
{"title":"Determining and comparing the optimum power loads in hexagonal and straight bar deadlifts in novice strength-trained males","authors":"Michael J. Duncan, Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira, Jason Tallis, Irineu Loturco, Anthony Weldon, Rohit K. Thapa","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim : This study aimed to determine and compare the ‘optimum power load’ in the hexagonal (HBDL) and straight (SBDL) bar deadlift exercises. Material and methods : Fifteen novice strength-trained males performed three repetitions of the HBDL and SBDL at loads from 20–90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Peak power, average power, peak velocity, and average velocity were determined from each repetition using a velocity-based linear position transducer. Results : Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of load for HBDL and SBDL (all p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses revealed peak power outputs for HBDL were similar across 50–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 80% 1RM (1053 W). The peak power outputs for SBDL were similar across 40–90% 1RM, with the highest peak power recorded at 90% 1RM (843 W). A paired sample t-test revealed that HBDL showed greater peak power at 60% (Hedges’ g effect size g = 0.53), average power at 50–70%, (g = 0.56–0.74), and average velocity at 50% of 1RM (g = 0.53). However, SBDL showed greater peak velocity at 20% (g = 0.52) and average velocity at 90% of 1RM (g = 0.44). Conclusion : Practitioners can use these determined loads to target peak power and peak velocity outputs for the HBDL and SBDL exercises (e.g., 50–90% 1RM in HBDL). The HBDL may offer additional advantages resulting in greater peak power and average power outputs than the SBDL.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Boryczka-Trefler, Małgorzata Kalinowska, Ewa Szczerbik, Jolanta Stępowska, Anna Łukaszewska, Małgorzata Syczewska
Abstract Study aim: A flexible flat foot (FFF), one of the most common postural deformities among children, should not be perceived as an isolated problem of static alignment of foot and ankle, but as a part of dynamic biomechanical chain of a lower extremity, pelvis, and lower back. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of two methods, used for treating FFF, on the gait pattern in children after 12 months treatment. Material and methods : 49 study participants with FFF were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention methods. One group was treated with foot orthoses (FOs), the other group with manual therapy, corrective bandaging and FOs. Results: After one year of therapy, no significant differences were observed within either group before and after treatment regarding dimensional, spatio-temporal parameters, and ground reaction forces. However, noteworthy changes emerged in hip flexion moment, ankle plantar flexion moment, and ankle power in the group treated with the combined method. In the FOs-treated group, significant changes were found in ankle plantar flexion moment and ankle power. Conclusion: The observed changes in joints’ peak moments and powers in both groups were positive changes, but the combine method seems to be more effective than wearing FOs only.
{"title":"Changes of the gait induced by two different conservative methods applied to correct flexible flat feet in children 5 to 9 years old: foot orthoses vs foot orthoses supplemented with Zukunft-Huber manual therapy","authors":"Anna Boryczka-Trefler, Małgorzata Kalinowska, Ewa Szczerbik, Jolanta Stępowska, Anna Łukaszewska, Małgorzata Syczewska","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: A flexible flat foot (FFF), one of the most common postural deformities among children, should not be perceived as an isolated problem of static alignment of foot and ankle, but as a part of dynamic biomechanical chain of a lower extremity, pelvis, and lower back. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of two methods, used for treating FFF, on the gait pattern in children after 12 months treatment. Material and methods : 49 study participants with FFF were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention methods. One group was treated with foot orthoses (FOs), the other group with manual therapy, corrective bandaging and FOs. Results: After one year of therapy, no significant differences were observed within either group before and after treatment regarding dimensional, spatio-temporal parameters, and ground reaction forces. However, noteworthy changes emerged in hip flexion moment, ankle plantar flexion moment, and ankle power in the group treated with the combined method. In the FOs-treated group, significant changes were found in ankle plantar flexion moment and ankle power. Conclusion: The observed changes in joints’ peak moments and powers in both groups were positive changes, but the combine method seems to be more effective than wearing FOs only.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135009844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: Scientific networking sites are increasingly popular in connecting researchers and providing influence metrics, however the research on measures like the ResearchGate Research Influence Score (RG RIS) are limited. This study documented the associations between RG RIS, usage, and prestige metrics from Google Scholar (GS), RG, and Scopus for top cited scientists in sports biomechanics. Material and methods: Research usage (total citations: C), prestige (Hirsch index: h), and RG RIS metrics were extracted from GS, RG, and Scopus for the top sixty cited scholars that used either the label “’73ports biomechanics” or “sport biomechanics” in their GS Profile. Results: RG RIS was strongly correlated (r = 0.796–0.895) with all usage and prestige metrics. There were very strong correlations among the three citation metrics (r = 0.929–0.967) and among the three h indexes (r = 0.960–0.974). Conclusions: The recent RG RIS does not provide unique scientific influence information about sport(s) biomechanics researchers beyond common citation metrics. The RG RIS was strongly associated with total citation and h-index values from GS, RG, and Scopus for top 60 cited sport(s) biomechanics researchers based on GS Profiles. The scientific usage and prestige factors previously reported in bibliometric research was supported by very strong associations among the three C and among the three h index values from these two scientific networking and one database service.
{"title":"Association of ResearchGate research influence score with other metrics of top cited sports biomechanics scholars","authors":"D. Knudson","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: Scientific networking sites are increasingly popular in connecting researchers and providing influence metrics, however the research on measures like the ResearchGate Research Influence Score (RG RIS) are limited. This study documented the associations between RG RIS, usage, and prestige metrics from Google Scholar (GS), RG, and Scopus for top cited scientists in sports biomechanics. Material and methods: Research usage (total citations: C), prestige (Hirsch index: h), and RG RIS metrics were extracted from GS, RG, and Scopus for the top sixty cited scholars that used either the label “’73ports biomechanics” or “sport biomechanics” in their GS Profile. Results: RG RIS was strongly correlated (r = 0.796–0.895) with all usage and prestige metrics. There were very strong correlations among the three citation metrics (r = 0.929–0.967) and among the three h indexes (r = 0.960–0.974). Conclusions: The recent RG RIS does not provide unique scientific influence information about sport(s) biomechanics researchers beyond common citation metrics. The RG RIS was strongly associated with total citation and h-index values from GS, RG, and Scopus for top 60 cited sport(s) biomechanics researchers based on GS Profiles. The scientific usage and prestige factors previously reported in bibliometric research was supported by very strong associations among the three C and among the three h index values from these two scientific networking and one database service.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"57 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88477521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim : The aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of performing tasks involving different cognitive functions in sitting versus standing positions and to assess the perceived workload. Standing or moving at work increases energy expenditure and brings health benefits while lowering the risk of diseases related to physical inactivity. The question arises whether this occurs at the expense of the effectiveness of professional activities. Material and methods : Twenty-nine physical education students (including 20 women and 9 men) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants performed four cognitive tests: two tests based on the Vienna Test System (Cognitron and ALS) and two paper-and-pencil tests (TUS and Toulouse-Pieron test). Results : There were no significant differences found between the sitting and the standing groups as regards the results of the cognitive tests. The number of omissions in the TUS test was higher in a standing position. The groups significantly differed in the perceived workload: A greater value of the summary weighted index was obtained in the sitting group. Also, the sitting students perceived their mental effort as significantly more onerous. Conclusions : The results of this pilot study suggest that the standing position does not reduce the effectiveness of activities involving cognitive functions. This is an incentive to continue randomized trials with a greater number of individuals.
{"title":"Cognitive task performance in sitting and standing: A pilot study","authors":"Ewa Niedzielska, Monika Guszkowska, Mirosław Mikicin","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim : The aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness of performing tasks involving different cognitive functions in sitting versus standing positions and to assess the perceived workload. Standing or moving at work increases energy expenditure and brings health benefits while lowering the risk of diseases related to physical inactivity. The question arises whether this occurs at the expense of the effectiveness of professional activities. Material and methods : Twenty-nine physical education students (including 20 women and 9 men) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants performed four cognitive tests: two tests based on the Vienna Test System (Cognitron and ALS) and two paper-and-pencil tests (TUS and Toulouse-Pieron test). Results : There were no significant differences found between the sitting and the standing groups as regards the results of the cognitive tests. The number of omissions in the TUS test was higher in a standing position. The groups significantly differed in the perceived workload: A greater value of the summary weighted index was obtained in the sitting group. Also, the sitting students perceived their mental effort as significantly more onerous. Conclusions : The results of this pilot study suggest that the standing position does not reduce the effectiveness of activities involving cognitive functions. This is an incentive to continue randomized trials with a greater number of individuals.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Choudhary, Parminder Singh, Madeep Singh, Kanwar Mandeep Singh Dhillon
Abstract Study aim: To study knock knee deformity and the body mass index among male school students of Chandigarh, India. The study also intended to evaluate the association of knock knee deformity with BMI. Material and method: In total, 900 school students were selected, and out of these 300 each were from private, government model and government schools in slum areas. Convenient sampling was employed. The age of the subjects ranged from 9 to 13 years. Height, weight, BMI and intermalleolar distance of selected subjects were assessed. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and correlation were employed. Results: The highest percentages of obese (11.3%) and overweight (15.3%) students were found in the private schools. The highest percentages of severe knock knee deformity (10.7%) were found in the students of the private schools, whereas 16.7% of students in the government model schools had moderate knock knee deformity. Height, weight and BMI were significantly correlated with knock knee deformity. Conclusion: Body weight among the school students might be associated with the school type, as the problem of obesity and underweight was pervasive in private and government schools. Knock knee deformity was related to the school type and body weight status.
{"title":"Knock knee deformity and body mass index among the male school students of 9 to 13 years old of chandigarh, India","authors":"A. Choudhary, Parminder Singh, Madeep Singh, Kanwar Mandeep Singh Dhillon","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: To study knock knee deformity and the body mass index among male school students of Chandigarh, India. The study also intended to evaluate the association of knock knee deformity with BMI. Material and method: In total, 900 school students were selected, and out of these 300 each were from private, government model and government schools in slum areas. Convenient sampling was employed. The age of the subjects ranged from 9 to 13 years. Height, weight, BMI and intermalleolar distance of selected subjects were assessed. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and correlation were employed. Results: The highest percentages of obese (11.3%) and overweight (15.3%) students were found in the private schools. The highest percentages of severe knock knee deformity (10.7%) were found in the students of the private schools, whereas 16.7% of students in the government model schools had moderate knock knee deformity. Height, weight and BMI were significantly correlated with knock knee deformity. Conclusion: Body weight among the school students might be associated with the school type, as the problem of obesity and underweight was pervasive in private and government schools. Knock knee deformity was related to the school type and body weight status.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"27 1","pages":"185 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83497796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Alioto, Carlo Rossi, Simona Capano, Alessandra Amato, Sara Baldassano, Andrea Pagliaro, Giulia Lauriello, Szymon Kuliś, Patrizia Proia
Abstract Study aim : Obesity is a serious public health problem that has spread over the past 40 years in industrialized countries. This condition can predispose to the onset of several chronic diseases for instance hyperlipidemia which is involved in multiple signaling pathways for bone homeostasis. There is a communication between adipose tissue and bone, which can regulate each other through feedback mechanisms including glucose consumption by bone, also regulating insulin levels. In our observational study, we analyzed the effects of low-impact training, particularly swimming, combined with a mediterranean diet on obese pre-adolescents. Material and methods : Six-month of an observational study was performed involving twenty pre-adolescents aged between 8 and 12 years with diagnosed obesity with z-BMI >2, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Results : The assessment was carried out at the beginning of the intervention (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). All participants were randomly assigned to either: the control group (CG) just followed the mediterranean diet whilst the experimental group (EG) over the mediterranean diet followed a planned physical activity. The results showed statistically significant differences between T0 and T1 in both CG and EG, especially concerning 1,25(OH) 2 D and insulin levels. However, the differences were more impressive in EG (1,25(OH) 2 D 9.27 vs 25.64; Insulin 29.31 vs 12.66) compared with CG (1,25(OH) 2 D 8.7 vs 13.7; Insulin 28.45 vs 22.76). Conclusions : In conclusion, these results showed the importance of diet and low-impact exercise intervention to improve pre-adolescent’s health especially those with obesity.
摘要研究目的:肥胖是一个严重的公共卫生问题，在过去的40年里在工业化国家蔓延。这种情况可导致多种慢性疾病的发生，例如高脂血症，它涉及骨稳态的多种信号通路。脂肪组织和骨骼之间有一种交流，它们可以通过反馈机制相互调节，包括骨骼消耗葡萄糖，也调节胰岛素水平。在我们的观察性研究中，我们分析了低强度训练，特别是游泳，结合地中海饮食对青春期前肥胖的影响。材料和方法:根据世界卫生组织的指导方针，对20名年龄在8至12岁之间的学龄前儿童进行了为期6个月的观察性研究，这些儿童被诊断为z-BMI >2型肥胖。结果:在干预开始(T0)和治疗结束(T1)时进行评估。所有参与者都被随机分配到:对照组(CG)只遵循地中海饮食，而实验组(EG)遵循地中海饮食计划的体育活动。结果显示，T0和T1在CG和EG方面具有统计学意义，特别是在1,25(OH) 2 D和胰岛素水平方面。然而，EG (1,25(OH) 2 D) (9.27 vs 25.64;胰岛素29.31 vs 12.66)与CG (1,25(OH) 2d 8.7 vs 13.7;胰岛素28.45 vs 22.76)。结论:综上所述，这些结果表明饮食和低强度运动干预对改善青春期前儿童健康的重要性，尤其是肥胖儿童。
{"title":"Biochemical assessment of insulin and vitamin D levels in obese adolescents after diet and physical activity: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Anna Alioto, Carlo Rossi, Simona Capano, Alessandra Amato, Sara Baldassano, Andrea Pagliaro, Giulia Lauriello, Szymon Kuliś, Patrizia Proia","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim : Obesity is a serious public health problem that has spread over the past 40 years in industrialized countries. This condition can predispose to the onset of several chronic diseases for instance hyperlipidemia which is involved in multiple signaling pathways for bone homeostasis. There is a communication between adipose tissue and bone, which can regulate each other through feedback mechanisms including glucose consumption by bone, also regulating insulin levels. In our observational study, we analyzed the effects of low-impact training, particularly swimming, combined with a mediterranean diet on obese pre-adolescents. Material and methods : Six-month of an observational study was performed involving twenty pre-adolescents aged between 8 and 12 years with diagnosed obesity with z-BMI >2, according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Results : The assessment was carried out at the beginning of the intervention (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). All participants were randomly assigned to either: the control group (CG) just followed the mediterranean diet whilst the experimental group (EG) over the mediterranean diet followed a planned physical activity. The results showed statistically significant differences between T0 and T1 in both CG and EG, especially concerning 1,25(OH) 2 D and insulin levels. However, the differences were more impressive in EG (1,25(OH) 2 D 9.27 vs 25.64; Insulin 29.31 vs 12.66) compared with CG (1,25(OH) 2 D 8.7 vs 13.7; Insulin 28.45 vs 22.76). Conclusions : In conclusion, these results showed the importance of diet and low-impact exercise intervention to improve pre-adolescent’s health especially those with obesity.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135599793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: Determination of changes in thrust force and effect size of training load in swimmers using four swimming strokes monitored 4 times a year. Material and methods: Five elite male swimmers were examined in a training macrocycle of 9 months. The swimmers were examined four times: at baseline (September), immediately after the winter Polish Championships (December), at the end of the transition period (March), and immediately after the summer Polish Championships (late May). Results: In all participants, significant differences in strength (p < 0.001) were observed between measurements I and II (p < 0.001) and between measurements I and IV (p < 0.001). Athletes specializing in the 200 m were characterized by a smaller decline in thrust force. Athletes specializing in breaststroke had significantly higher (p < 0.001) thrust values than the other participants. Conclusions: It is suggested that the trainers measure the thrust during the preparatory period in order to verify the applied training loads aimed at developing strength, as well as during the starting period to verify the competitor’s strength level in correlation with the sports result.
{"title":"Changes in thrust force in swimmers in the annual training cycle","authors":"M. Stachowicz, K. Milde","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: Determination of changes in thrust force and effect size of training load in swimmers using four swimming strokes monitored 4 times a year. Material and methods: Five elite male swimmers were examined in a training macrocycle of 9 months. The swimmers were examined four times: at baseline (September), immediately after the winter Polish Championships (December), at the end of the transition period (March), and immediately after the summer Polish Championships (late May). Results: In all participants, significant differences in strength (p < 0.001) were observed between measurements I and II (p < 0.001) and between measurements I and IV (p < 0.001). Athletes specializing in the 200 m were characterized by a smaller decline in thrust force. Athletes specializing in breaststroke had significantly higher (p < 0.001) thrust values than the other participants. Conclusions: It is suggested that the trainers measure the thrust during the preparatory period in order to verify the applied training loads aimed at developing strength, as well as during the starting period to verify the competitor’s strength level in correlation with the sports result.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"30 1","pages":"159 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84430005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hesam Iranmanesh, A. Kakhki, H. Taheri, Abolfazl Shayan Noosh Abadi
Abstract Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of speed-based strategy instruction on motor sequence learning and transfer. Material and methods: Male participants (n = 30, 18 to 24 years old) were assigned to one of the groups based on instruction. Motor sequence learning was examined using the complex dynamic arm movement task. Two sets of speed and control instructions completed ten blocks of 100 trials in the acquisition phase followed by the retention and transfer test after 24 hours. Results: Mixed analysis of variance (2×10 and 2×4) and the independent samples t-test were used to examine the data. The results demonstrated that element response time and error of prediction in both groups were significantly improved in the acquisition phase (P < 0.05), but in the 24-hour retention test, the speed group had a significantly better element response time than the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the independent samples t-test in the transfer test revealed that element duration and error rate were significantly better in the speed group than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the data, when compared to the conventional technique, in which participants were not given any special instructions, the speed-based instruction resulted in greater acquisition of the acquired motor sequence and better transfer of a new sequence.
{"title":"The role of speed-based strategy instruction on learning and transfer of motor sequences in a complex task","authors":"Hesam Iranmanesh, A. Kakhki, H. Taheri, Abolfazl Shayan Noosh Abadi","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of speed-based strategy instruction on motor sequence learning and transfer. Material and methods: Male participants (n = 30, 18 to 24 years old) were assigned to one of the groups based on instruction. Motor sequence learning was examined using the complex dynamic arm movement task. Two sets of speed and control instructions completed ten blocks of 100 trials in the acquisition phase followed by the retention and transfer test after 24 hours. Results: Mixed analysis of variance (2×10 and 2×4) and the independent samples t-test were used to examine the data. The results demonstrated that element response time and error of prediction in both groups were significantly improved in the acquisition phase (P < 0.05), but in the 24-hour retention test, the speed group had a significantly better element response time than the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the independent samples t-test in the transfer test revealed that element duration and error rate were significantly better in the speed group than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the data, when compared to the conventional technique, in which participants were not given any special instructions, the speed-based instruction resulted in greater acquisition of the acquired motor sequence and better transfer of a new sequence.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"71 1","pages":"89 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86146492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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