Abstract Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System. Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method. Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.
{"title":"The impact of fencing training symmetrisation on simple reaction time","authors":"Monika Johne","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The symmetrisation of movements can be a way to develop individual coordinative skills, and to prevent the occur-rence of injuries. For this reason, in this study an attempt was made to evaluate and compare simple reaction time and movement time for épée fencers of different sports classes, and to determine the impact that three years of symmetrisation training and unilateral training have on the speed of reaction components and on dynamical asymmetry. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 60 women épée fencers of different sports classes, and it was repeated in two groups after three years of unilateral and symmetrisation training. Simple reaction time and movement time for the dominant and the non-dominant hand were analysed using Vienna Test System. Results: Women épée fencers of high sports class were characterised by a significantly faster reaction time than their less experienced colleagues. In tests conducted after three years of symmetrisation training, athletes from the experimental group achieved also much better results in reaction time (RT) than those from the control group training with the unilateral method. Conclusions: Long-time unilateral training of master class women épée fencers led to dynamical asymmetry, which in the future could cause injuries and have a negative impact on the development of selected motor skills. Symmetrical training conducted in the experimental group had a positive impact on reaction time indicators as well as on movement time indicators, and it prevented the occurrence of dynamical asymmetry in the tested competitors. Thus, it can be inferred that symmetrical exercises will have a positive impact on training effectiveness and on versatility of athletes.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"65 1","pages":"231 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84440294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers according to their weight categories. Material and methods: In this study, 21 elite male wrestlers (age 22.9 ± 4.0) have been examined according to three weight categories: Light weight, middle weight, heavy weight. Height, weight, arm and calf girth, humerus and femur width, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, calf, supraspinale) were measured. Arm anthropometry (upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat area, upper arm fat index), somatotype (Heath-Carter somatotype method), and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were determined. Results: In the light weight wrestlers, body fat was 9.95% and somatotype 2.15–6.68–1.62; in the middle weight wrestlers, body fat was 11.79% and somatotype 2.83–6.83–1.01; in the heavy weight wrestlers, body fat was 18.63% and somatotype 4.10–8.13–0.53 was determined. While the endomorphy component of the light weight wrestlers was significantly lower than the middle weight and heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.017), the ectomorphy component was significantly higher than the heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.05). Fat free mass differed significantly between the three weight categories (p < 0.017), while body fat was higher in heavy weight than both light weight and middle weight (p < 0.017). The weight showed a significant and positive relationship with all anthropometric and body composition values except AFI and ectomorphy (p < 0.05 with mesomorphy, p < 0.01 with others). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that wrestlers have anthropometric characteristics specific to their weight categories. While the light weight wrestlers show a balanced mesomorph structure, the heavy weight wrestlers have adapted to the endomorphic mesomorph body type with the increase in fat and fat free mass.
{"title":"Assessment of anthropometric and body composition characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers","authors":"Berkay Yaşar, M. Sağır","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of elite Turkish wrestlers according to their weight categories. Material and methods: In this study, 21 elite male wrestlers (age 22.9 ± 4.0) have been examined according to three weight categories: Light weight, middle weight, heavy weight. Height, weight, arm and calf girth, humerus and femur width, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, calf, supraspinale) were measured. Arm anthropometry (upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat area, upper arm fat index), somatotype (Heath-Carter somatotype method), and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were determined. Results: In the light weight wrestlers, body fat was 9.95% and somatotype 2.15–6.68–1.62; in the middle weight wrestlers, body fat was 11.79% and somatotype 2.83–6.83–1.01; in the heavy weight wrestlers, body fat was 18.63% and somatotype 4.10–8.13–0.53 was determined. While the endomorphy component of the light weight wrestlers was significantly lower than the middle weight and heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.017), the ectomorphy component was significantly higher than the heavy weight wrestlers (p < 0.05). Fat free mass differed significantly between the three weight categories (p < 0.017), while body fat was higher in heavy weight than both light weight and middle weight (p < 0.017). The weight showed a significant and positive relationship with all anthropometric and body composition values except AFI and ectomorphy (p < 0.05 with mesomorphy, p < 0.01 with others). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was determined that wrestlers have anthropometric characteristics specific to their weight categories. While the light weight wrestlers show a balanced mesomorph structure, the heavy weight wrestlers have adapted to the endomorphic mesomorph body type with the increase in fat and fat free mass.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Pilates-based training program on functional mobility and strength in community-dwelling adults over 70 years old. Material and methods: Twenty community-dwelling elderly subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to control (C = 10) or Pilates training (PT = 10) groups for 8 weeks (2 times/week). Anthropometric, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional mobility, and static and dynamic balance parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The PT group had higher values of lower limb strength (p = 0.013 d = 0.56) and 6-minute walking test distance (p = 0.04; d = 0.45) than the C group. The PT group also had differences in one leg stance duration and decrease in the Timed Up and Go test. We also observed a positive correlation between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.01, r = 0.62), cardiorespiratory fitness and one leg stance, eyes closed, right and left leg (p = 0.04, r = 0.45; p = 0.05, r = 0.45, respectively). Conclusions: Eight weeks of Pilates-based physical training induced improvements in skeletal muscle strength and functional mobility of community-dwelling septuagenarians.
摘要研究目的:本研究旨在评估以普拉提为基础的训练计划对社区居住的70岁以上成年人的功能流动性和力量的影响。材料和方法:招募20名居住在社区的老年人，随机分为对照组(C = 10)和普拉提训练组(PT = 10)，为期8周(2次/周)。在干预前后评估人体测量、力量、心肺适能、功能活动能力、静态和动态平衡参数。结果:PT组下肢力量(p = 0.013 d = 0.56)、6分钟步行测试距离(p = 0.04;d = 0.45)。PT组在单腿站立时间和Timed Up and Go测试中也有差异。肌肉力量与心肺健康呈正相关(p < 0.01, r = 0.62)，心肺健康与单腿站立、闭眼、右腿和左腿呈正相关(p = 0.04, r = 0.45;P = 0.05, r = 0.45)。结论:以普拉提为基础的八周体能训练可改善社区居住的七十岁老人的骨骼肌力量和功能活动能力。
{"title":"The impact of an 8-week Pilates-based physical training program on functional mobility: data from a septuagenarian group","authors":"M. Lima, B. Silva, S. Rocha-Rodrigues, P. Bezerra","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Pilates-based training program on functional mobility and strength in community-dwelling adults over 70 years old. Material and methods: Twenty community-dwelling elderly subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to control (C = 10) or Pilates training (PT = 10) groups for 8 weeks (2 times/week). Anthropometric, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional mobility, and static and dynamic balance parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The PT group had higher values of lower limb strength (p = 0.013 d = 0.56) and 6-minute walking test distance (p = 0.04; d = 0.45) than the C group. The PT group also had differences in one leg stance duration and decrease in the Timed Up and Go test. We also observed a positive correlation between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.01, r = 0.62), cardiorespiratory fitness and one leg stance, eyes closed, right and left leg (p = 0.04, r = 0.45; p = 0.05, r = 0.45, respectively). Conclusions: Eight weeks of Pilates-based physical training induced improvements in skeletal muscle strength and functional mobility of community-dwelling septuagenarians.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"103 1","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78083638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ł. Małek, W. Śmigielski, H. Krysztofiak, M. Marszałek, W. Drygas
Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the lifespan of Polish male Olympic medallists in comparison to the general male population. Material and methods: The study included 238 Polish male Olympic medallists who participated in the Olympic games in 1924–1992. Duration of life in relation to the general Polish population was assessed. The age of acquiring their first medal, type and number of medals won and sports discipline were taken into consideration. Results: Polish male Olympic medallists born before 1940 lived over 8 years longer in comparison to the general population (p < 0.0001, d = 0.689 and d = 0.750). Over 80% of them lived up to 65 years of age and over 40% up to 80. In the general population only <70% and <30%, respectively, reached the equivalent lifespan (p = 0.010 and p = 0.040, RR = 0.480 and RR = 0.783). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival was shorter in Olympic medallists who won their first medal before the age of 25 (p = 0.040) and in those engaging in endurance or power sports vs. mixed or skill disciplines (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Polish male Olympic medallists lived significantly longer than the general population of Polish men. The longevity of male Olympic medallists was affected by the age of acquiring their first medal and by the category of sport practised.
{"title":"Longevity of Polish male Olympic medallists born between 1888 and 1965","authors":"Ł. Małek, W. Śmigielski, H. Krysztofiak, M. Marszałek, W. Drygas","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the lifespan of Polish male Olympic medallists in comparison to the general male population. Material and methods: The study included 238 Polish male Olympic medallists who participated in the Olympic games in 1924–1992. Duration of life in relation to the general Polish population was assessed. The age of acquiring their first medal, type and number of medals won and sports discipline were taken into consideration. Results: Polish male Olympic medallists born before 1940 lived over 8 years longer in comparison to the general population (p < 0.0001, d = 0.689 and d = 0.750). Over 80% of them lived up to 65 years of age and over 40% up to 80. In the general population only <70% and <30%, respectively, reached the equivalent lifespan (p = 0.010 and p = 0.040, RR = 0.480 and RR = 0.783). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival was shorter in Olympic medallists who won their first medal before the age of 25 (p = 0.040) and in those engaging in endurance or power sports vs. mixed or skill disciplines (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Polish male Olympic medallists lived significantly longer than the general population of Polish men. The longevity of male Olympic medallists was affected by the age of acquiring their first medal and by the category of sport practised.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"230 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78292293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Study aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the lower extremity muscles’ force/torque/strength and range of motion may be affected in females wearing high heeled shoes and not wearing high heeled shoes. Material and methods: The study was carried out with 136 females aged between 18 and 45 years. The first group consisted of 66 females wearing 5 cm or higher high heeled shoes. The second group consisted of 70 females wearing shoes having heel height less than 5 cm. The Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester was used to evaluate lower extremity muscle force/torque/strength, while range of motion was assessed with an electronic goniometer. The SPSS 21.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant difference was found in the lower extremity muscles’ force (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion, metatarsophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint extension), and muscles’ torque (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion and left tibialis anterior muscle) and muscles’ strength values (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion and tibialis anterior muscle). Also, as heel height increased, the range of motion of hip joint flexion, internal rotation and plantar flexion increased significantly. Conclusions: Excessive use of high heeled shoes can cause changes in muscle force/torque/strength and joint range of motion.
{"title":"The effects of wearing high heeled shoes on the muscles and joints of lower limb","authors":"S. Polat, Ayşe Gül Kabakci","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the lower extremity muscles’ force/torque/strength and range of motion may be affected in females wearing high heeled shoes and not wearing high heeled shoes. Material and methods: The study was carried out with 136 females aged between 18 and 45 years. The first group consisted of 66 females wearing 5 cm or higher high heeled shoes. The second group consisted of 70 females wearing shoes having heel height less than 5 cm. The Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester was used to evaluate lower extremity muscle force/torque/strength, while range of motion was assessed with an electronic goniometer. The SPSS 21.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant difference was found in the lower extremity muscles’ force (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion, metatarsophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint extension), and muscles’ torque (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion and left tibialis anterior muscle) and muscles’ strength values (except for hip adduction, dorsiflexion and tibialis anterior muscle). Also, as heel height increased, the range of motion of hip joint flexion, internal rotation and plantar flexion increased significantly. Conclusions: Excessive use of high heeled shoes can cause changes in muscle force/torque/strength and joint range of motion.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"49 2 1","pages":"81 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83213761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Silva, R. Lima, M. Camões, C. Leão, Sérgio Matos, Joel Pereira, P. Bezerra, F. Clemente
Abstract Study aim: To assess changes in physical fitness of amateur soccer players after a pre-season training period and baseline fitness dependencies. Material and methods: Twenty-one amateur soccer players were assessed during the pre-season. The following physical variables were assessed before and after a two-month pre-season training period: (i) cardiorespiratory fitness, (ii) strength and power, and (iii) change of direction (COD). Results: Significant decreases were found for countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.001; d = 1.161), drop jump (DJ) (p = 0.014; d = 0.958), and horizontal jump (HJ) (p = 0.042; d = 0.640), while no significant changes were found for the overall variables from the beginning to the end of pre-season. Fit players revealed significant decreases for CMJ (p = 0.002; d = –2.495), DJ (p = 0.004; d = –1.760), HJ (p = 0.028; d = –1.005), COD deficit (p = 0.034; d = 1.013), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) (p = 0.026; d = –4.053). No significant changes were found for unfit players. Conclusions: Amateur soccer coaches should consider assessing physical qualities at the beginning of pre-season and use the free-of-charge monitoring tools such as session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) during the training process.
{"title":"Physical fitness changes among amateur soccer players: effects of the pre-season period","authors":"Rui Silva, R. Lima, M. Camões, C. Leão, Sérgio Matos, Joel Pereira, P. Bezerra, F. Clemente","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: To assess changes in physical fitness of amateur soccer players after a pre-season training period and baseline fitness dependencies. Material and methods: Twenty-one amateur soccer players were assessed during the pre-season. The following physical variables were assessed before and after a two-month pre-season training period: (i) cardiorespiratory fitness, (ii) strength and power, and (iii) change of direction (COD). Results: Significant decreases were found for countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.001; d = 1.161), drop jump (DJ) (p = 0.014; d = 0.958), and horizontal jump (HJ) (p = 0.042; d = 0.640), while no significant changes were found for the overall variables from the beginning to the end of pre-season. Fit players revealed significant decreases for CMJ (p = 0.002; d = –2.495), DJ (p = 0.004; d = –1.760), HJ (p = 0.028; d = –1.005), COD deficit (p = 0.034; d = 1.013), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) (p = 0.026; d = –4.053). No significant changes were found for unfit players. Conclusions: Amateur soccer coaches should consider assessing physical qualities at the beginning of pre-season and use the free-of-charge monitoring tools such as session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) during the training process.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"283 1","pages":"63 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77495354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reyhaneh Mansouri, F. Bahrami, R. Rajabi, H. Minoonejad, K. Kaczmarczyk
Abstract Study aim: to examine the differences in landing kinetics factors (LKF) to assess the whole body stability and preparatory muscle activation (PMA) in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus. Material and methods: Twenty-four professional female handball players (11 with (DKV) and 13 without (Control) dynamic knee valgus) were asked to perform three trials of a single-leg landing. LKF and surface EMG were recorded. Initial contact knee valgus angle (IC KVA), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), confidence ellipse area of center of pressure (CEA), time to stability (TTS) and EMG from 100 ms prior to ground contact were used in the data analyses. Results: Multivariate analyzing of LKF showed significant differences between two groups (p = 0.001) while for PMA the result was not significant (p = 0.361). Conclusion: Altered landing mechanism considered as a predictor of non-contact knee injuries such as ACL rupture. Therefore according to current study it seems important to focus on reducing valgus angle in designing injury prevention program.
{"title":"Investigating the landing kinetics factors and preparatory knee muscle activation in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus while performing single leg landing","authors":"Reyhaneh Mansouri, F. Bahrami, R. Rajabi, H. Minoonejad, K. Kaczmarczyk","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: to examine the differences in landing kinetics factors (LKF) to assess the whole body stability and preparatory muscle activation (PMA) in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus. Material and methods: Twenty-four professional female handball players (11 with (DKV) and 13 without (Control) dynamic knee valgus) were asked to perform three trials of a single-leg landing. LKF and surface EMG were recorded. Initial contact knee valgus angle (IC KVA), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), confidence ellipse area of center of pressure (CEA), time to stability (TTS) and EMG from 100 ms prior to ground contact were used in the data analyses. Results: Multivariate analyzing of LKF showed significant differences between two groups (p = 0.001) while for PMA the result was not significant (p = 0.361). Conclusion: Altered landing mechanism considered as a predictor of non-contact knee injuries such as ACL rupture. Therefore according to current study it seems important to focus on reducing valgus angle in designing injury prevention program.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"488 1","pages":"155 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76381827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Dindorf, W. Teufl, B. Taetz, S. Becker, G. Bleser, M. Fröhlich
Abstract Study aim: To find out, without relying on gait-specific assumptions or prior knowledge, which parameters are most important for the description of asymmetrical gait in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Material and methods: The gait of 22 patients after THA was recorded using an optical motion capture system. The waveform data of the marker positions, velocities, and accelerations, as well as joint and segment angles, were used as initial features. The random forest (RF) and minimum-redundancy maximum-relevance (mRMR) algorithms were chosen for feature selection. The results were compared with those obtained from the use of different dimensionality reduction methods. Results: Hip movement in the sagittal plane, knee kinematics in the frontal and sagittal planes, marker position data of the anterior and posterior superior iliac spine, and acceleration data for markers placed at the proximal end of the fibula are highly important for classification (accuracy: 91.09%). With feature selection, better results were obtained compared to dimensionality reduction. Conclusion: The proposed approaches can be used to identify and individually address abnormal gait patterns during the rehabilitation process via waveform data. The results indicate that position and acceleration data also provide significant information for this task.
{"title":"Feature extraction and gait classification in hip replacement patients on the basis of kinematic waveform data","authors":"Carlo Dindorf, W. Teufl, B. Taetz, S. Becker, G. Bleser, M. Fröhlich","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: To find out, without relying on gait-specific assumptions or prior knowledge, which parameters are most important for the description of asymmetrical gait in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Material and methods: The gait of 22 patients after THA was recorded using an optical motion capture system. The waveform data of the marker positions, velocities, and accelerations, as well as joint and segment angles, were used as initial features. The random forest (RF) and minimum-redundancy maximum-relevance (mRMR) algorithms were chosen for feature selection. The results were compared with those obtained from the use of different dimensionality reduction methods. Results: Hip movement in the sagittal plane, knee kinematics in the frontal and sagittal planes, marker position data of the anterior and posterior superior iliac spine, and acceleration data for markers placed at the proximal end of the fibula are highly important for classification (accuracy: 91.09%). With feature selection, better results were obtained compared to dimensionality reduction. Conclusion: The proposed approaches can be used to identify and individually address abnormal gait patterns during the rehabilitation process via waveform data. The results indicate that position and acceleration data also provide significant information for this task.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"71 1","pages":"177 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81267513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oona Kettunen, J. Ihalainen, Olli Ohtonen, M. Valtonen, J. Mursu, V. Linnamo
Abstract Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate if young female skiers meet their energy and macronutrient requirements, and how energy availability (EA) and macronutrient intake affects their performance during an intensive training camp. Material and methods: 19 female cross-country skiers (age 16.7 ± 0.7) filled in 48-hour food and training logs during a 5-day training camp. Fasting concentrations of hemoglobin, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the camp. Blood lactate (LA), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) from a submaximal treadmill running test, jump height from counter movement jump (CMJ), and power from a reactive jump test (RJ) were also measured PRE and POST. Results: Mean EA was 40.3 ± 17.3 kcal · kgFFM–1 · d–1. 58% of the participants had suboptimal EA, 37% had low EA, and 53% had suboptimal carbohydrate intake. HR, HR/RPE ratio, LA/RPE ratio, CMJ, hemoglobin, leptin, T3, and insulin decreased from PRE to POST. RPE and glucose increased from PRE to POST. EA during the camp correlated with changes in LA (r = 0.54, p = 0.018), LA/RPE (r = 0.65, p = 0.003), and RJ (r = 0.47, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Many athletes had difficulties in meeting their energy and carbohydrate requirements during a training camp. Furthermore, sufficient EA may help to avoid overreaching and to maintain performance during an intensive training period.
摘要研究目的:本研究的目的是评估年轻女性滑雪运动员在高强度训练营中是否满足能量和宏量营养素的需求，以及能量有效性(EA)和宏量营养素摄入量如何影响她们的表现。材料与方法:19名女性越野滑雪运动员(年龄16.7±0.7)，在为期5天的训练营中填写48小时的饮食和训练日志。空腹血红蛋白、瘦素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子1 (IGF-1)和葡萄糖的浓度在营地前(PRE)和营地后(POST)测定。还测量了血乳酸(LA)、心率(HR)和亚最大跑步机跑步测试的感知运动等级(RPE)、反运动跳跃(CMJ)的跳跃高度(CMJ)和反应性跳跃测试(RJ)的力量(RJ)。结果:平均EA为40.3±17.3 kcal·kgFFM-1·d-1。58%的参与者EA低于理想值，37%的参与者EA较低，53%的参与者碳水化合物摄入量低于理想值。HR、HR/RPE、LA/RPE、CMJ、血红蛋白、瘦素、T3、胰岛素均从PRE - POST降低。RPE和葡萄糖从PRE到POST增加。camp期间EA与LA (r = 0.54, p = 0.018)、LA/RPE (r = 0.65, p = 0.003)、RJ (r = 0.47, p = 0.043)变化相关。结论:许多运动员在训练营期间难以满足他们的能量和碳水化合物需求。此外，充分的EA可能有助于避免超出范围，并在密集的训练期间保持性能。
{"title":"Energy availability during training camp is associated with signs of overreaching and changes in performance in young female cross-country skiers","authors":"Oona Kettunen, J. Ihalainen, Olli Ohtonen, M. Valtonen, J. Mursu, V. Linnamo","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate if young female skiers meet their energy and macronutrient requirements, and how energy availability (EA) and macronutrient intake affects their performance during an intensive training camp. Material and methods: 19 female cross-country skiers (age 16.7 ± 0.7) filled in 48-hour food and training logs during a 5-day training camp. Fasting concentrations of hemoglobin, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and glucose were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the camp. Blood lactate (LA), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) from a submaximal treadmill running test, jump height from counter movement jump (CMJ), and power from a reactive jump test (RJ) were also measured PRE and POST. Results: Mean EA was 40.3 ± 17.3 kcal · kgFFM–1 · d–1. 58% of the participants had suboptimal EA, 37% had low EA, and 53% had suboptimal carbohydrate intake. HR, HR/RPE ratio, LA/RPE ratio, CMJ, hemoglobin, leptin, T3, and insulin decreased from PRE to POST. RPE and glucose increased from PRE to POST. EA during the camp correlated with changes in LA (r = 0.54, p = 0.018), LA/RPE (r = 0.65, p = 0.003), and RJ (r = 0.47, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Many athletes had difficulties in meeting their energy and carbohydrate requirements during a training camp. Furthermore, sufficient EA may help to avoid overreaching and to maintain performance during an intensive training period.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"246 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80440667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. L. L. Amo, Antoni Planas-Anzano, M. Zakynthinaki, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt
Abstract Study aim: To analyse the distribution of effort in the 800 m event at the IAAF World Athletics Championships in London 2017 (outdoor, 44 men, 45 women) and in Birmingham 2018 (indoor, 9 men, 14 women). Material and methods: A total of 187 individual performances during heats, semi-finals, and finals were analysed. The official split times of each athlete every 100 m were taken as reference for the analysis of: times; percentages of times in regard to the final time; speed; changes in position during the races; percentage deviations in terms of the average time per race per section of 100, 200 and 400 m. Results: There are different strategies used in the elite 800m race that are related to sex differences, the management of energy consumption and the differences and similarities between indoor and outdoor races. Conclusions: Although diverse pacing strategies exist, more balanced strategies, after a fast start, have better results.
{"title":"Effort distribution analysis for the 800 m race: IAAF World Athletics Championships, London 2017 and Birmingham 2018","authors":"J. L. L. Amo, Antoni Planas-Anzano, M. Zakynthinaki, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt","doi":"10.2478/bhk-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study aim: To analyse the distribution of effort in the 800 m event at the IAAF World Athletics Championships in London 2017 (outdoor, 44 men, 45 women) and in Birmingham 2018 (indoor, 9 men, 14 women). Material and methods: A total of 187 individual performances during heats, semi-finals, and finals were analysed. The official split times of each athlete every 100 m were taken as reference for the analysis of: times; percentages of times in regard to the final time; speed; changes in position during the races; percentage deviations in terms of the average time per race per section of 100, 200 and 400 m. Results: There are different strategies used in the elite 800m race that are related to sex differences, the management of energy consumption and the differences and similarities between indoor and outdoor races. Conclusions: Although diverse pacing strategies exist, more balanced strategies, after a fast start, have better results.","PeriodicalId":44223,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Human Kinetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"103 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79859624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：